M3 U4 Subject Clause. "big bang" a cloud of dust What was it to become? certain or uncertain What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and.

M3 U4 Subject Clause

"big bang"

a cloud of dust

What was it to become?

certain or uncertain

What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago.

主语从句： ___________________________

从句语序为： ______________

主句谓语动词多为 _____ 数

在句子中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句陈述语序

单

基础知识回顾 : 关系词及其意义

不作成分，无意义，只起连接作用。 that

不作成分，但含有“是否”意义。whether/if

从句中作主语，宾语，表语 , 定语 who,whom, what, which, whose从句中作状语 when where why how

• 1. that 引导• That the universe began with a "Big Bang" is gene

rally accepted. • That water is important is a fact. • That human beings do great harm to the earth is c

ertain.• That the earth is becoming warmer and warmer wo

rries many scientists.

that 在主语从句中 _________ 成份， _____ 意义，_______ 省略

不做 没有不可

为避免主语冗长 , 句子头重脚轻 , 经常用 it 作形式主语 , 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语 .

It is generally accepted that the universe began with a "Big Bang".

It+be+pp/adj./n.+that 从句It+vt.+object+that 从句

It is a fact that water is important.It is certain that human beings do great harm to the earth.It worries many scientists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer.

• 2. whether 引导• Whether the earth began with a " Big Bang" is

unknown.• Whether we can live in other planets is not

clear.whether 引导主语从句， ______ 成分，译为_______,________ 省略

不做是否 不可

How the earth began is unknown.

What the earth began with is unknown.

When the earth began with a "Big Bang" is unknown.Why the earth began with a "Big Bang" is unknown.Where we can live is unknown.

what 引导主语从句，充当 ________________ ，译为_______, ________ 省略

主语，宾语，表语什么

不可how, when, why, where 引导主语从句，充当 ______ ，译为 ______________________________, _____ 省略

状语如何，在什么时候，为什么，在哪里

不可

不可

______ we should not spit everywhere is certain.

______ the man is doing is disgusting.

It is certain that we should not spit everywhere.

That

What

Whether the two pandas are a couple is not clear.

这两只熊猫是否是夫妻是不知道的。

______________________ is a mystery.

他们在想什么是个谜。

What they are thinking

• ______ the earth began is not known to humans. • ________most scientists believe about the beginning

of the earth is the “ Big Bang” theory.• _______ the earth is becoming warm is a good topic

for research.• ______ there is life on other planets is what scientists

want to find out.• _______ Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our

solar system surprised us.

whether / that / why / what / how

What

How

Why /How

Whether

ThatIt surprised us that Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.

• Example:

• 1. The formation of the earth is still unknown

•

• How the earth formed is still unknown

write sentences in different ways

(subject clause)

2. The disappearance of dinosaurs puzzled many scientists .

_____________________________puzzled many scientists.

3. Humans’ acitivities has caused global warming.

___________________ has caused global warming.

4. Many scientists’ worry is that the earth is becoming hotter and hotter ______________________ is that the earth is b

ecoming hotter and hotter.

Write sentences in different waysWrite sentences in different ways

Why/How dinosaurs disappeared

What humans have done

What many scientists worry about

ProblemsProblems

• 1 We human beings do great harm to our earth. It does upWe human beings do great harm to our earth. It does upset me .set me .

• That That we human beings do great harm to our earth does uwe human beings do great harm to our earth does upset me. pset me.

• What we human beings do does upset me.What we human beings do does upset me.• 2 We are doing many terrible things. We bring great pain 2 We are doing many terrible things. We bring great pain

to wildlife. to wildlife. • WhatWhat we do bring great pain to wildlife. we do bring great pain to wildlife.• 3 For example, we are cutting down too many trees and k3 For example, we are cutting down too many trees and k

illing too many animals. It is a pity. illing too many animals. It is a pity. • For example, For example, itit is a pity is a pity that that we are cutting down too ma we are cutting down too ma

ny trees and killing too many animals. ny trees and killing too many animals. • 4 Thus, many animals are dying out because they lost th4 Thus, many animals are dying out because they lost th

eir habitats. eir habitats. • ThusThus, the reason why, the reason why many animals are dying out many animals are dying out is thatis that

they lost their habitats. they lost their habitats. • 5 In a word, we should protect our earth. I am worried.5 In a word, we should protect our earth. I am worried.• whatwhat worries me is whether we can protect our earth. worries me is whether we can protect our earth.