December 9, 2014 Objective: To describe how joints function
and to differentiate between types of joints
Journal: Have you or someone you know ever had a knee injury? Explain what happened.
Ligaments, Tendons, and Joints
Joints
Aka articulations When two or more bones come together Allow the body to move
Ligaments
Tough, connective tissue Connects bone to bone
Tendons
Cordlike structures that attach bones to muscles
Types of Joints
Fibrous Joints Held together by
short connective strands
Immobile or slightly moveable
Ex: Sutures
Cartilaginous Joints
Held together by cartilage disks Immovable or slightly movable Ex: Joints between your ribs and sternum
Synovial Joints
Connected by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid and lined with a synovial membrane
Freely moving
Types of Synovial Joints
Pivot Joints: Can only rotate◦ Found in your neck
Types of Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket Joints: Can move in all directions including rotation◦ Found in your shoulders and hips
Types of Synovial Joints
Hinge Joints: Can either open or close◦ Found in your knees and elbows
Types of Synovial Joints
Gliding Joints◦ Flat, slightly curved, plate like bones◦ Can only side back and forth◦ Found in your wrists and ankles
http://phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/skeletal_and_muscular/index.html
Types of Synovial Joints
Saddle Joints◦ One bone shaped like a saddle and another
similar to a horse’s back◦ Rock up and down and side to side◦ Found in the base of your thumb
Types of Synovial Joints Condyloid Joints
◦ Oddly shaped convex bones fitting into concave bones
◦ Can move in any direction, but cannot rotate
◦ Found in the knuckles of your fingers and wrists
Movement Classification
Flexion
When a joint is bent, decreasing the angle between the two bones
Ex: the leg bent at the knee
Extension
Straightening a joint so the angle between the involved bones increases
Ex: kicking
Plantar Flexion
When the toes are pointed
Dorsiflexion
When the foot is bent upward toward the leg
Hyperextension
When a joint is forced to straighten beyond its normal limits
Abduction
To move away from the bodies midline Ex: Moving your arms up from resting
next to your body
Adduction
To move toward the midline of the body Ex: Moving your arms from above your
head back down to your sides
Inversion
When the sole of one foot is turned inward so it points to the other foot
Eversion
The foot is turned outward, pointing away from the opposite foot
Supination
The palm of your hand is turned upward
Pronation
When the palm of the hand is turned down
Circumduction
Circular arm motion
Protraction
Drawing a part forward
Retraction
Drawing a part backwards
Rotation
When a bone spins on its axis Ex: Rotating your head
Knee Joint Reading!!
Knee Surgery Videos
ACL Reconstruction - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xsq0sQp6DwUMeniscus Reconstruction - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=444A9nPCPCA
