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Bab 7
Application Software
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Applications Software Software used to solve a particular problem or perform a
particular task
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Acquiring Software:
Traditional Ways
Custom software
Written by programmers hired by organization
Packaged (commercial) software Purchased from a store, catalog, or Web site
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Custom Software
Specifically tailored to an organizations needs
Organization hires computer programmers to
design, write, test, and implement software Can be extremely complex and take years to write
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Packaged Software
Sold in stores, catalogs, or Web sites
Sometimes downloaded from the Internet
Package contains one or more CDs or DVDs holdingthe software
Typically contains software documentation
Designed to be user-friendly
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Software Suites
Most office-oriented productivity software is soldbundled together in software suites.
Common suites are Microsoft Office, CorelWordPerfect Office, Lotus SmartSuite, Sun StarOffice.
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Software Suites, contd.
Common interface
Keep as many commands, toolbar buttons, and
menu options the same from program to program. Document-centered computing
Work centers around the document, not theprogram.
Application integration and OLE Objects created in one program can be inserted
into documents in other programs.
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User-Friendly Software
Easy to use
Should be intuitive for even a beginning user
Can be used with minimum of training anddocumentation
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Document-Handling Operations
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Online Help Online help features enable users to get help about a
particular program from within the program.
Help is typically in the form of:
Table of contents
Index
Search
Natural-language help
Wizard
Tutorial/tour
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Task-Oriented Software Often called productivity software
Common categories
Word processing/Desktop publishing Electronic spreadsheets
Database management
Graphics
Communications Others
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What Is Word Processing Software?
Word processing: using computer technology tocreate, manipulate, and print text materials such as
letters, legal contracts, manuscripts, and otherdocuments.
Leading word processors:
Microsoft Word Corel WordPerfect
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Working with Words Word Processing
Most widely used personalcomputer software
Create memos, reports,papers
Incorporate graphics intodocuments
Desktop Publishing High-level publishing needs
Newsletters
Brochures, promotional
materials
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Creating and Editing Documents
Scrolling and moving the insertion point
Line breaks and paragraph breaks
Editing text
Spell-checking
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Formatting Documents
Character formatting
Paragraph formatting
Page and document formatting
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Graphics, Tables, and Templates
Most word processors allow insertion of graphics,(clip art, photographs, etc.) into documents.
Tables can be used to neatly organize data.
Templates and wizards can help users quickly create
standard documents.
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Word Processing and the Web
Most recent word processors include features to:
Save documents as Web pages
Open and edit existing Web pages
Include hyperlinks in documents
Send e-mail
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What Is a Spreadsheet Program?
A spreadsheet program is used to createdocuments that can be organized into rows and
columns and contain numbers and equations.
Leading spreadsheet products include:
Microsoft Excel
Lotus 1-2-3 Corel Quattro Pro
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Creating and Editing a Worksheet Entering labels and
constant values
Entering formulas andfunctions
Editing a worksheet
Relative vs. absolute cellreferencing
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Formatting a Worksheet
Cell formatting
Row or column formatting
Worksheet formatting
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Charts and Sensitivity Analysis
A charting or graphing feature allows charts to bequickly created from spreadsheet data.
What-if analysis allows you to change certainnumbers on a spreadsheet and look at the results ofthat change.
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Spreadsheets and the Web Many spreadsheet programs include some Web
capabilities, such as being able to save a worksheet
as a Web page.
More commonly, blocks of cells on a spreadsheet arecopied into Web pages.
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What Is a Database Program? A database is a collection of data that is stored and
organized in a manner that enables information to be
retrieved as needed.
Database software enables the creation of adatabase on a computer.
Common programs include Microsoft Access, CorelParadox, and Lotus Approach.
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Creating a Database When first creating a database, consider:
Number of tables
Data items to be stored in each table Table structure
Whether or not a field is required, the type of datathat can be entered into the field, etc.
After the table structure is complete, data can beentered using either the datasheet view or a form.
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Modifying a Database Design view is used for modifying a tables structure.
Actual data in a table can be changed whenever thetable is open in datasheet view or displayed in aform.
Fields may be edited, and records can be added or
deleted as needed.
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Queries and Reports A query is a question used to retrieve information
from a database.
Reports are created when a more formal printout isdesired.
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Databases and the Web Many Web sites use a database to keep track of
inventory and allow individuals to search for or order
products via the Web site.
Web-based databases are discussed in more detail inChapter 14.
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What Is Presentation Graphics
Software? Presentation graphics software is a type of
program used to create presentation graphics.
Common programs include:
Microsoft PowerPoint
Corel Presentations
Lotus Freelance Graphics
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Graphics Graphics software creates graphs
and charts from numeric data
Spot trends and compare datamore easily Visual evidence more compelling
Included in spreadsheet programs
Presentation graphics creates slideshow presentations
Combine high-quality graphics,audio, and video
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Creating a Presentation Individual slides are typically created and can either
be printed or used in electronic slide shows.
Text can be formatted and toolbar buttons can beused to insert clip art, photographs, video clips, audioclips, etc.
Different types of charts (bar, pie, line, text,organizational) are also available.
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Enhancing a Presentation Transitions and other types of animation can be used
to add interest to a slide show.
Slide order can be rearranged as needed and thenthe slide show can be run.
Typically, options are available to print slides orspeaker notes, if needed.
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Presentation Graphics and the Web Presentation graphics programs can be used to
create Web pages.
Slide shows are often available through the Web.
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Communications The ability to hook the
computer up to phone line orcable and communicate withanother computer
Typically connected over theInternet
Needs a browser to accessother locations on theInternet
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Acquiring Software:
New Ways
Freeware
Public Domain Software
Open-Source Software
Shareware
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Freeware
Author provides it free for all to use
Author retains copyright
May place restrictions on its use
May not be altered or redistributed withoutpermission
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Public Domain Software Software that is not copyrighted
May be used and even altered without permission
Typically developed by universities and/or researchinstitutions using government grants
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Open-Source Software A variation of freeware
Source code made available
Source code: readable by humans Other programmers can modify and redistribute the
programs freely
Helps identify bugs and create improvements
more easily
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Shareware Copyrighted software, freely distributed for a trial
period
If you like it, register it for a fee Most authors add free documentation,
enhancements, support, and updates toencourage people to register
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