HARDWARE
HARDWARE
The tangible parts of a computer system.
All the physical electronic component of a computer system, including peripherals, printed circuit boards (PCB), and input/output devices
DATA PROCESSING
DATA PROCESSING
Data processing is a technique of collecting, manipulating, and distributing data to achieve certain functions.
Its objective is to convert raw data into information that can be used in decision making
DATA PROCESSING
DATA The word “data” is the plural of word datum,
which means fact, observations, assumptions or occurrence
INFORMATION can be defined as “data that has been
transformed into something useful”
DATA PROCESSING
DATA
TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
INFORMATION
DATA PROCESSING
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
INPUT – refers to the activities required to record data and to make it available for processing.
PROCESSING – denotes the actual data manipulation techniques such as calculating, summarizing, comparing, etc. that converts data into information
DATA PROCESSING
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
OUTPUT – a communication function which transmits the information to persons who needs the information
STORAGE – it involves the filing of data and information for future usage.
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SYSTEM
A collection of objects, procedures, or techniques that interact in a regulated manner to form an organized whole.
Systems may be composed of smaller assemblages of parts known as a subsystem
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
In a computer system, it is commonly composed of the following:
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Input / Output (I / O)
Memory
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
INPUT
OUTPUT
MEMORY
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
It is the heart of the computer system.
It is the hardware within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
According to the Von Neumann Architecture or the Princeton Architecture, the CPU is composed of three units:
1. CONTROL UNIT (CU)
2. ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU)
3. PRIMARY MEMORY
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
CONTROL UNIT (CU)
Maintains order and controls activity in the CPU.
It fetches the codes of all the instructions in the program.
It directs the operations of other units by providing timing and control signals.
All computer resources are managed by this unit.
It directs the flow of data between the CPU and other devices
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU)
It is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic
computations and logical operations.
PRIMARY MEMORY UNIT
Holds instructions, data, and intermediate and final
results.
It is reusable, fast storage medium, directly accessible
by the control unit.
Each storage cell is capable of storing one bit of data.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE
Arithmetic Logic
Unit (ALU)
Control Unit (CU)
Primary Memory
Unit
INPUT / OUTPUT SUBSYSTEM
it provides the mechanism for communications between CPU and the outside world.
The input subsystem of a computer reads data and converts into electronic pulses, then transmits it through wires to CPU
INPUT / OUTPUT SUBSYSTEM
The output subsystem reports the results of processing by the CPU.
Output is an essential step in the data processing cycle.
Its function is to convert the electronic pulses from the CPU into useful information.
MEMORY SUBSYSTEM
It is also known as the secondary storage.
It is used for an extra storage, exceeding the CPU’s primary storage.
It is an efficient and compact means of storing large amount of data, that is ready for retrieval or further processing.
INPUT AND OUTPUT COMPONENTS
INPUT AND OUTPUT COMPONENTS
An input device is any peripheral used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system like a computer.
An output device is any peripheral used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by a computer that converts electronically generated information into human – readable form.
INPUT AND OUTPUT COMPONENTS
Common I / O Peripherals
Keyboards (mechanical and keypads) Pointing devices (mouse, trackballs, touch pads) Display devices (monitors and televisions) Printing devices (printers, plotters) Audio / Video devices(cameras, microphones,
speakers) Other I/O devices (drivers, modems, scanners)
STORAGE COMPONENTS
STORAGE COMPONENTS
MEMORY Read Only Memory (ROM)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Programmable ROM
Erasable PROM
Virtual Memory