Italy, 500 BC

First King of Rome- Romulus

• Romulus is the mythic founder of Rome

• Dies in 714 BC• Period of interregnum

Second King of Rome- Numa Pompilius

• Rules 714-673 BC• Sabine• Known for piety, wisdom• Made peace with neighbors• temple of Janus• Calendar reforms• Religious reforms

Third King of Rome- Tullus Hostilius

• Rules 673-641• Military focus• Makes war with Alba Longa• Built Curia Hostilia

Curia Julia- replaces Curia Hostilius and Curia Cornelius

Reconstruction of the Curia Julia

Fourth King of Rome- Ancus Marcius

• Rules 641-616 BC• Grandson of Numa• Restored religious observances• Separated religious/military

obligations for kings• Built port of Ostia

Fifth King of Rome- Lucius Tarquinius Priscus

• Rules 616-579 BC• Wealthy Etruscan who moved to

Rome• Married Tanaquil• Campaigns for the throne as

Ancus is dying• Doubles number of senators• Created Circus Maximus

Imperial palace and Circus Maximus

Circus Maximus

Lucius Tarquinius Priscus cont.

• Adopts Servius Tullius as a son because of miraculous sign

• The sons of Ancus make an assassination attempt

• Sevius takes command as a temporary king

• Sons of Ancus flee• Tarquinius Priscus dies

Sixth King of Rome- Servius Tullius

• Rules 578-535• Born a slave, adopted by Tarquinius

Priscus• Reforms class structure based off how

much armor/weapons a man could afford

• Poor relieved of military burden• Allotted more political power to

wealthy

Servius Tullius cont.

• Tarquinius Priscus had 2 legitimate sons: Tarquin (older) and Arnus (younger)

• Servius Tullius had 2 daughters: Tullia (older) and Tullia (younger)

• Tarquin marries Tullia the Older• Arnus marries Tullia the Younger• Tullia the Younger and Tarquin

conspire, kill their spouses, marry each other, kill Servius Tullius

Seventh King of Rome- Tarquinius Superbus

• Rules 534-509• Killed the supporters of Servius

Tullius• Forced-labor building projects:

–Temple of Jupiter–Cloaca Maxima

• Engages in more wars

The Fall of the Kingdom and Birth of the Republic

• Son of Tarquinius Superbus, Sextus, and Collatinus get into argument over whose wife is better

• Sextus’ wife was at a party, Collatinus’ wife, Lucretia, was at home working

• Sextus rapes Lucretia• Lucretia calls together her

husband, father, and brother, then commits suicide

• People of Rome rise against the Tarquins