Literature Review

Methodology

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

ReferencesReferences

Introduction and BackgroundIntroduction and Background

Dresden Nexus Conference 2020 (DNC2020), Theme “Circular Economy in a Sustainable Society”, 3–5 June 2020– United Nations University (UNU-FLORES), Technische Universitat Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Germany

Waste to Energy (WtE) Technologies

A waste crisis is looming in the City of Johannesburg (CoJ) with

more than 14 million tonnes/annum of municipal solid waste

(MSW), animal waste and wastewater plants generation. The

implementation of advanced waste-to-energy (WtE) conversion

technologies offers cost effective, increase energy security, as a

method for safe disposal of solid and liquid waste, attractive

option to generate heat, power and fuel (renewable energy) and

can greatly reduce environmental impacts of waste in emerging

economy and support climate policy goals around the world.

Waste can be converted to energy by convectional technologies

such as: gasification, incineration, pyrolysis, fermentation and

anaerobic digestion. Through multi-criteria decision analysis

(MCDA) approach, biogas digestion technology was found to be

the most suitable technology for WtE.

ObjectivesObjectives

The authors wish to express their appreciations to:

➢ Depart of Chemical Engineering, University of

Johannesburg (UJ)

➢ PEETS: Process Energy Environment Technology

station (UJ)

➢ CoJ: City of Johannesburg

➢ SANEDI: South African National Energy

Development Institute

➢ TIA: Technology Innovation Agency

➢ GladTech International Ltd

➢ WRC: Water Research Commission

➢ Prof F. Ntuli, Prof J.C. Ngila, Dr S. Caucci, Dr C.K.

Njenga, Ms M.N. Matheri, Mrs L.W. Hager, Ms E.

Nabadda, Prof C. Zvinowanda, Dr T. Sediogeng

WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY IN THE EMERGING ECONOMY (SOUTH AFRICA)

A.N. Matheri1*, M. Belaid1,

1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.

*1Corresponding author: [email protected] [email protected] Tel: +27115596402

Fig 5: Waste to

Energy Modelling

framework

Fig 7: Biogas production set-up (Biochemical Methane

Potential (BMP) test, (1) Thermostatic water bath, (2)

Automated Bio-digester, (3) CO2-Fixing Unit and (4)

Biomethane Volume Measuring Device)

➢ Matheri, A.N., Mbohwa, C., Ntuli, F., Belaid, M., Seodigeng, T., Ngila, J.C.

and Njenga, C.K., 2018. Waste to energy bio-digester selection and design

model for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Renewable and

sustainable energy reviews, 82, pp.1113-1121.

➢ Matheri, A.N., Ntuli, F., Ngila, J.C., Seodigeng, T., Zvinowanda, C. and

Njenga, C.K., 2018. Quantitative characterization of carbonaceous and

lignocellulosic biomass for anaerobic digestion. Renewable and Sustainable

Energy Reviews, 92, pp.9-16.

➢ Matheri, A.N., 2019. Mathematical Modelling of the Biological Wastewater

Treatment and Bioenergy Production Processes. Doctoral Thesis, University

of Johannesburg.

➢ Matheri, A.N., 2016. Mathematical Modelling for Biogas Production

(Masters dissertation, University of Johannesburg).

➢ Software: AI-tools, Dynochem, Matlab, Bioprocess, Quasim, Python,

ChemCad, West, Simba, Aspen etc

The objectives of this work is:

➢To carry out waste quantification and characterisationexercise (feasibility study)

➢To use multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model toanalyse WtE technologies.

➢ To investigate the operational conditions of the biogasproduction.

➢To analyse thermodynamic and reaction kinetics models.

➢To mathematically model and simulate biogas production.

➢To validate the results

➢To design the bio-digester for biogas production.

Fig 12: Bio-digester design

Fig 9: WtE Technologies Ranking Against

Each Criteria Using Analytic Hierarchy

Process (AHP) in Decision Making

Fig 8: MSW Quantification from City of

Johannesburg landfill

Results and DiscussionsResults and Discussions

Waste Quantification

Waste Characterisation

MCDA for WtE Technologies

Biogas Potential Analysis

Mathematical Modelling

Biogas Process Design

Fig 11: Biogas production model

Fig 10: Current State and Future

Projection of Electricity in South Africa

Table 1: Biogas Production

Fig 4: Circular Economy in Technology

Station (UJ-PEETS)

Fig 3: Waste to energy technology and

energy use

Fig 2: Waste to Energy Technology PathwaysFig 1: Waste Reduction Hierarchy

Fig 6: Anaerobic Digestion

Pathways