Literature Review Methodology Conclusions Acknowledgements References Introduction and Background Dresden Nexus Conference 2020 (DNC2020), Theme “Circular Economy in a Sustainable Society”, 3–5 June 2020– United Nations University (UNU-FLORES), Technische Universitat Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Germany Waste to Energy (WtE) Technologies A waste crisis is looming in the City of Johannesburg (CoJ) with more than 14 million tonnes/annum of municipal solid waste (MSW), animal waste and wastewater plants generation. The implementation of advanced waste-to-energy (WtE) conversion technologies offers cost effective, increase energy security, as a method for safe disposal of solid and liquid waste, attractive option to generate heat, power and fuel (renewable energy) and can greatly reduce environmental impacts of waste in emerging economy and support climate policy goals around the world. Waste can be converted to energy by convectional technologies such as: gasification, incineration, pyrolysis, fermentation and anaerobic digestion. Through multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach, biogas digestion technology was found to be the most suitable technology for WtE. Objectives Objectives The authors wish to express their appreciations to: ➢ Depart of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg (UJ) ➢ PEETS: Process Energy Environment Technology station (UJ) ➢ CoJ: City of Johannesburg ➢ SANEDI: South African National Energy Development Institute ➢ TIA: Technology Innovation Agency ➢ GladTech International Ltd ➢ WRC: Water Research Commission ➢ Prof F. Ntuli, Prof J.C. Ngila, Dr S. Caucci, Dr C.K. Njenga, Ms M.N. Matheri, Mrs L.W. Hager, Ms E. Nabadda, Prof C. Zvinowanda, Dr T. Sediogeng WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY IN THE EMERGING ECONOMY (SOUTH AFRICA) A.N. Matheri 1* , M. Belaid 1 , 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. * 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] [email protected] Tel: +27115596402 Fig 5: Waste to Energy Modelling framework Fig 7: Biogas production set-up (Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test, (1) Thermostatic water bath, (2) Automated Bio-digester, (3) CO 2 -Fixing Unit and (4) Biomethane Volume Measuring Device) ➢ Matheri, A.N., Mbohwa, C., Ntuli, F., Belaid, M., Seodigeng, T., Ngila, J.C. and Njenga, C.K., 2018. Waste to energy bio-digester selection and design model for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 82, pp.1113-1121. ➢ Matheri, A.N., Ntuli, F., Ngila, J.C., Seodigeng, T., Zvinowanda, C. and Njenga, C.K., 2018. Quantitative characterization of carbonaceous and lignocellulosic biomass for anaerobic digestion. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 92, pp.9-16. ➢ Matheri, A.N., 2019. Mathematical Modelling of the Biological Wastewater Treatment and Bioenergy Production Processes. Doctoral Thesis, University of Johannesburg. ➢ Matheri, A.N., 2016. Mathematical Modelling for Biogas Production (Masters dissertation, University of Johannesburg). ➢ Software: AI-tools, Dynochem, Matlab, Bioprocess, Quasim, Python, ChemCad, West, Simba, Aspen etc The objectives of this work is: ➢ To carry out waste quantification and characterisation exercise (feasibility study) ➢ To use multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model to analyse WtE technologies. ➢ To investigate the operational conditions of the biogas production. ➢ To analyse thermodynamic and reaction kinetics models. ➢ To mathematically model and simulate biogas production. ➢ To validate the results ➢ To design the bio-digester for biogas production. Fig 12: Bio-digester design Fig 9: WtE Technologies Ranking Against Each Criteria Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Decision Making Fig 8: MSW Quantification from City of Johannesburg landfill Results and Discussions Results and Discussions Waste Quantification Waste Characterisation MCDA for WtE Technologies Biogas Potential Analysis Mathematical Modelling Biogas Process Design Fig 11: Biogas production model Fig 10: Current State and Future Projection of Electricity in South Africa Table 1: Biogas Production Fig 4: Circular Economy in Technology Station (UJ-PEETS) Fig 3: Waste to energy technology and energy use Fig 2: Waste to Energy Technology Pathways Fig 1: Waste Reduction Hierarchy Fig 6: Anaerobic Digestion Pathways