Intelligent Freight Trainsfor Multi-Modal Cargo Transport
Intelligent Freight TrainsIntelligent Freight Trainsfor Multi-Modal Cargo Transportfor Multi-Modal Cargo Transport
Dr. Neil Dr. Neil CraigieCraigie, , DeutaDeuta--WerkeWerkeRuediger StellmacherRuediger Stellmacher, , CargoRooCargoRoo
Paradigm shift required to establish viable rail freight
Tra
nsp
ort
volu
me
Time© Ruediger Stellmacher 2001
Price-valueofferingRailbetterthan Road
Rail usedfor baseload
Highutilizationof trains
Lowercosts ofRail
Price-valueofferingRail worsethan Road
Road usedfor baseload
Lowutilizationof trains
Highercosts ofRail
CurrentCurrent
TargetTarget
Stochastic alternating transport volumeStochastic alternating transport volume
Significant price-value advantagerequired for railto initializeparadigm shifttowards rail
Market volume (Mio. tons)
368 385
394 424
114178
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1990 2010
Bulk Wagon load Parcel
Revenue (Bill. Euro)
2.1 2.4
11.4 12.0
10.2
15.6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1990 2010
Bulk Wagon load Parcel
Source: DaimlerChrysler Research 1999
18%18%
43%43%
39%39%
52%52%
40%40%
8%8%
13%13%
45%45%
42%42%
43%43%
48%48%
9%9%
Development of freight transport towards small flexible highvalue packagesRail has to adapt to this growing market
ERTMSControl Network
Truck DispatchCentre
Cargo transferstation
Train LogisticControl centre
Container Freight Network
Road traffic information
system
Vision of a dedicated Low Most Multi-Modal container network
ERTMSControl Network
Truck DispatchCentre
Trailer-Railtransfer station
Train LogisticControl centre
Freight Network
Road traffic information
system
Vision of a dedicated Low Cost Multi-Modal Trailer network
Intermodal Systems are characterized by multiple interfaces,batches and distributed process responsibilities
DestinationCustomerDestinationDestinationCustomerCustomer
Ramp
PostTransportPostPostTransportTransport
Handling
Sta
ckS
tack
Handling
Sh
un
tin
gS
hu
nti
ng
Sh
un
tin
g
Coupling
Main LineMain LineMain Line
CouplingS
hu
nti
ng
Sh
un
tin
g
HandlingS
tack
Sta
ck
Handling
Pre-TransportPre-Pre-TransportTransport
Ramp
SourceCustomerSourceSourceCustomerCustomer
No clear and integrated process responsibility
No integrated communication and information
Any interface consumes Money Time and reduces Quality of the Process
Trailer - Automatic transshipment and LCMM Containerseliminates the stacks and multiple transshipments in theterminal
DestinationCustomerDestinationDestinationCustomerCustomer
Ramp
PostTransportPostPostTransportTransport
Terminal
LCMM containers
‘CargoRoo® Trailer’
LCMM containersLCMM containers
‘‘CargoRooCargoRoo®® Trailer Trailer’’
Terminal
PreTransportPrePreTransportTransport
Ramp
SourceCustomerSourceSourceCustomerCustomer
Integrated Information and Communication
Minimization ofInterfaces
Integrated Process Responsibility
Processes and Interfaces optimized: Costs , Time , Reliability
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 300 600
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Tra
nsp
ort
Pro
ceed
s [E
UR
/Tra
iler-
km]]
Assumptions• Rail access fee: ∅ 5 EUR p. train-km• Proceeds road on average levelIMT … Intermodal Transport
Competitive edge of Competitive edge of ……
…… Road Road
Transport Distance D-t-D [km]
Cu
mu
late
d T
ran
spo
rts
(to
n-k
m)
(> 5
0 km
)
…… conventional IMT conventional IMT …… CargoRooCargoRoo®® Trailer Traileror LCMM (Container)or LCMM (Container)
Road
Conventional IM
T
Conventional IM
T
CargoR
oo®
CargoR
oo
CargoR
oo®®
• The accessible market is almosttripled from 20% to 50% compared toconventional Intermodal Transport
• The accessible market is almosttripled from 20% to 50% compared toconventional Intermodal Transport
CargoRoo® Trailer or LCMM Containers are competitive toroad from 300 km on
LCMM
LCMM
• Reduction of road congestion and environmental damage
• Reduction of transport costs
• Improvement of the process quality and reliability through thebest modal split
Economic Potential and added values
n x Drivern x Drivern x Fueln x Fueln x Tollsn x Tolls
Road Transport
1 x Driver1 x Driver1 x Fuel1 x Fuel1 x Tolls1 x Tolls
Rail Transport
Innovative integration of low-cost handling technologies andtrain control and communication is prerequisites
• Low cost container transfer automationand or CargoRoo Trailer
• Intelligent train technology & Telemetry GSM-R or Alternatives
• ERTMS/ETCS (eventual Level 3) and or FFB
• Driver information system
• Container Ident Systems
• Integrated Truck train logistics and telemetry based tracing andtracking
• Communication network integrated with Logistic bookingsystem
• Low cost container transfer automationand or CargoRoo Trailer
• Intelligent train technology & Telemetry GSM-R or Alternatives
• ERTMS/ETCS (eventual Level 3) and or FFB
• Driver information system
• Container Ident Systems
• Integrated Truck train logistics and telemetry based tracing andtracking
• Communication network integrated with Logistic bookingsystem
Train Positioning with BoardSDPU as part of containertransfer automation
Radar-Dopplerspeedsensor
GSM-R
GPS
Inductive ormicro waveidentif. system
RIGEurobalise
Driver’s cab MMIProcess visualisationBoard computer withtrack atlas DB and Container Identification system
GPS
Intelligent Freight Trains: Logistics and Cargo TransferAutomation
Driver process visiualisation
Driver process visiualisation
Simple and RobustHandling Technology
De-central Terminal Structure and Fast Transfer Under the Catenary
Low Terminal Investmentand Flexible Terminals
SpecificallyGeared for ISO
Standard Trailers
Easy Handling atthe Terminal
TrailerTrailerPositioning
Positioning
Simultaneous and Horizontal LoadingLoading and UnloadingUnloading
>50m
Flat bed Wagon
Flat bed Wagon
ISO Trailer
ISO Trailer
Loading Platform
Loading Platform
LafetteLafette
Automatic TransferRail-Rail possible(e.g. for gauge changing)
CatenaryCatenary
Intelligent Freight Trains: Simple low cost Trailer TransferTerminals based on new train wagon technology ...
nicht sicherheits-
relevante
Schnittstelle
Emer
genc
y st
op
Joun
rney
seg
men
t
auth
ority
Mov
emen
t req
uest
Postio
n, s
peed
mes
sage
Trai
n in
tegr
ity s
tatu
s
Alarm
s
Vital Computer
EVC
Track-
Atlas
GMS-R
Radio
Emergency
brakes
Operational
brakes
Vehicle-Bus
Trainbus
gateway
GPS
BalisenTransceiver
Balise
beacon
JuridicalRecorder
Speed, Distance Unit (ZWG)
BrakeControl unit
ER 24
PZB90
Train protection
RIG
MMIDisplay
Doppler-Radar
Train intelligence through Train Borne ETCS and GSM-R Systems
Position Message
Position-Balise
GSM_R
BBB BB
GS-FWE
Movement permission
Movement authority
FFB - Control center
Status messageor
switch orderES-FWE
Movement governed by control values :• speed • distance to go
New operational rules
German FFB - telemetry based ETCS Train protection and operation
Train Driver
ATC Drive system•Power•Target speeds,..•Diagnostics
ATP
• Signals• Recomended speeds• VSoll, VZiel,..• Distance to go
Journey plan (EBULA)Freight logistics ITTrain & cargo transferProcess visualisation
Navigations &Communication
• Movement authority• Link to control centre• trackside links
Train Driver Man Machine Dialog
• Virtual or microwave tagging
On Board Logistics IT and Cargo Ident and Tagging System
ContainerI dent Numberused as virtualtag
Microwave tagging of containersMicrowave tagging of containers
Microwave tagging
The telemetry link between the train born system and the logistic centres will allow continuos tracking of cargo movements.
This will aid cargo transfer logistic at harbours and container pickup depots
The telemetry link between the train born system and the logistic centres will allow continuos tracking of cargo movements.
This will aid cargo transfer logistic at harbours and container pickup depots
The Traffic Management and conflict detection willaid rescheduling of Cargoand well before delays have occurred.
The rail network could become adaptive withcontinuous updating of travel plans
The Traffic Management and conflict detection willaid rescheduling of Cargoand well before delays have occurred.
The rail network could become adaptive withcontinuous updating of travel plans
Logistic Support through Tracing and Tracking Cargo`s
Control - Information and Logistics Network
ERTMSNetwork
PassengerInformation
Network
DedicatedFreight Cargo
Network
Symbol generator
und
Communikation
Module
Vehicle bus
RS485
Fast IR
Port Replica
Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technologyVirtual Instrument Display and Symbol Generator
Distance to go andSpeed indicator
Control side Planing side
Movementauthoritytext display
Navigationand
Planing-graphic
AlarmIndikators
Drivercontrolbutton
Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technologyETCS Virtual Multi Function Display
NetworkManagerKomm.Modul
NetworkManagerKomm.Modul
EBULAEBULAPhotonmicroGUIPhoton
microGUI
AnwenderManager
AnwenderManager
SYMCOMAppl.
SYMCOMAppl.
Process Manager (Safety Layer)Process Manager (Safety Layer)
CargoManage
ment
CargoManage
ment......
SYMCOM
GUI
Area_F
Area_C
Area_E
Area_B
GUI_Manager
Area_A
Area_D
MMI_Kernel
Communication
RS232 RS485MVB
QNXMicrokernel
QNXMicrokernel
Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technologyETCS MMI System Software Concept
Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technology Cargo Transfer Process Visualization
Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technology Multi Purpose Speed and Distance Technology
Radar speed & distance Micro wave beaconlocalisation
∆D
D
GPS
1000
10
5
500
Confidence Interval
∆D- Position10 cm
Wheelrotationsensor
SDPUwith trackatlas DB
Distance trackingfrom Balise
Vital Computer
Correctionfeedback
Correctedoutput.
Expecteddistance.
InternalCorrectionfactor
Externalcorrectionfactor orodometerReset
KF
KF
KF
KF
KF
KF
GPS
Weelsensor
Radar
Sensor Fusion in SDPU
h(t+1) = ΦΦΦΦ((((t+1,t). h(t) + σσσσsys((t)
M(t) = D(t).h(t) + σσσσmeas(t) M = [x,Dx,v,Dv]
Sensor Fusion
Kalman filter algorithm
Output V, ∆V, D, ∆D
Sensor input module
RS485, CAN
Sensor data preparation
Event containerSensor calibration
Sensor Data FusionKalman filter algorithmOutput V,∆∆∆∆V, D,∆∆∆∆D,..
Balise or GPS positiondata and confidence
interval reset
Communicationwith Vital ComputerMVB or PROFIBUS
Comparator2oo3
Safety & availablity
Vital Computerfor
Train operation
Track Atlas Data bank
RIG
GPS
Radar
GPS
Wheel rotationsensor
Balise or GPS positiondata and confidenceinterval reset
2 oo 3 votingthrough CANbus data exchangecomparing inputand out put
Sensor fusion durch multi- layer Kalman filter algorithm
Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technology SDPU Software Architekture
SDPU
UE
+5V+5V+12V
UE
+5V+5V+12V
CP U
Pro
fib
us
Pro
fib
us
CP U CP U
UE
+5V+5V+12V
RIG 1
RIG 2
RA
DA
R1
RA
DA
R2
BA
LIS
E
Kanal 1 Kanal 2 Kanal 3 Interface
SIFA
Track-atlas
GSM-R
IndusiBalise
P
GPS
RadarBrakes
Juridical Recorder UnitJRU20
ER24PZB90
TP
TTY
Fallback-Level
RIG
RS485
Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technologyFFB - ER24 –PZB90 Retrofit Concept based on ERTMS/ETCS
Post
Disks
JRU-Recorder
MMI Modem ISDN
Evaluationcentre
Vehicle-Bus, ...
Radio link
Post-box
Laptop
DFÜ
JRU On Board Data Recorder and Train fleet Data Base
Further Value added services provided by ETCS- Technology
• Tracing and tracking through telemetry and tagging
• Train cargo logistics and shipment or journey planning
• Cargo transfer process visualisation through
• Train positioning system
• Vehicle diagnostics & fleet management
� Innovative multi modal network approaches arenecessary to move forward and make a substantivechange in getting high value cargo off the roads andutilizing the vast potential of rail systems
� Utilization of opportunities provided by integration oflow-cost handling technologies and new traincontrol and navigation systems (ERTMS - ECTS)
�� Innovative multi modal network approaches areInnovative multi modal network approaches arenecessary to move forward and make a substantivenecessary to move forward and make a substantivechange in getting high value cargo off the roads andchange in getting high value cargo off the roads andutilizing the vast potential of rail systemsutilizing the vast potential of rail systems
�� Utilization of opportunities provided by integration ofUtilization of opportunities provided by integration oflow-cost handling technologies and new trainlow-cost handling technologies and new traincontrol and navigation systems (ERTMS - ECTS)control and navigation systems (ERTMS - ECTS)
Steps to the future