INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
SKIN
Health Science Technology I
Dr. Halbert
Three main layers of skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue
Epidermis
• Outermost layer• Cells constantly being
shed• Contains no blood
vessels or nerves• 5 layers
– Stratum corneum: outer part
– Stratum germinativum: inner layer
Dermis
• “true skin”• Made up of elastic
connective tissue and contains vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles
• Top layer covered with papillae which form ridges which make up our fingerprints
Subcutaneous fascia or hypodermis
• Innermost layer
• Connects skin to the muscle underneath
Sudoriferous glands
• Sweat glands• Eliminate water, salts
and some body wastes
• Coiled tubes
Sebaceous glands
• Oil glands• Produce sebum• Open in to hair
follicles• When plugged results
in pimple or blackhead
Alopecia
• Lack of hair
Functions of the skin
• Protection
• Perception
• Regulation of temperature
• Storage of fat, water, vitamins
• Absorption
• Excretion
• Production of Vitamin D
Skin pigment
• Melanin: brown-black pigment, does absorb UV light resulting in a tan
• Carotene: yellowish-red pigment
Albino
• Absence of color pigment
Erythema
• Reddish color of the skin
• Burns or congestion of blood in vessels
Jaundice
• Yellow discoloration
• Liver or gallbladder disease or destruction of red blood cells
Cyanosis
• Bluish discoloration
• Insufficient oxygen
Macules
• Flat spots on the skin
• Ex: freckles
Papules
• Firm raised areas
• Pimples
• Some stages of chicken pox
Vesicles
• Blisters
• Fluid filled sacs
• Chicken pox
Pustules
• Pus filled sacs
• Ex: acne
Crusts
• Dried pus and blood
• scabs
Wheals
• Itchy elevated areas with irregular shape
• Hives
Ulcer
• Deep loss of skin surface
Acne Vulgaris
• Inflammation of the sebaceous glands
• Usually in adolescence
• Hormonal changes, increased secretion of sebum are underlying causes
Athlete’s foot
• Contagious, fungal infection usually of feet
• Blisters, cracks, itching
Skin cancer
• Melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma
• May develop from moles
Dermatitis
• Inflammation of the skin
• Caused by any substance that irritates skin, often allergic
• Example: poison ivy
Eczema
• Non contagious, inflammatory disorder
• Caused by allergy or irritant
• Dryness, edema, erythema, itching, vesicles, crusts
Impetigo
• Highly contagious
• Bacterial infection- Staph or Strep
• Pustules and yellow crusts
Psoriasis
• Chronic, non contagious, inherited
• Thick red area with white scales
Ringworm
• Contagious, fungal infection
• Usually circular with a clear central area
Verrucae
• Warts
• Viral
• Rough, hard, elevated
Image Citations• Slide 4: Delmar Learning’s Medical Terminology Image Library,
Second Edition. Version 1.0. ISBN: 1-4018-1009-8.• Slide 10: 1/3/06 Erythema Nodosum,
http://medimages.healthopedia.com/large/erythema-nodosum.jpg• Slide 11: 1/3/06 http://medicine.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/jaundice.JPG• Slide 12: 1/3/06 Central Cyanosis,
http://www.lf2.cuni.cz/Projekty/interna/foto/014/pic00011.jpg• Slide 16: 1/3/06 Papules,
http://www.acnesource.org/images/pic_papules.jpg• Slide 17: 1/3/06 Vesicles,
http://www.acponline.org/graphics/bioterro/vesicles.jpg• Slide 18: 1/3/06 Staphlococcal pustules,
http://www.adhb.govt.nz/newborn/TeachingResources/Dermatology/StaphPustule/StaphPustule.jpg
• Slide 20: 1/3/06 http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/dermatology/wheal3.jpg
• Slide 21: 1/3/06 Skin Ulcer, http://www.liv.ac.uk/researchintelligence/issue18/images/W041128R.jpg
Image Citations• Slide 23: 1/3/06 Acne Vulgaris,
http://medimages.healthopedia.com/large/acne-vulgaris.jpg
• Slide 24: 1/3/06 Athlete’s foot, tinea pedis, www.nlm.nih.gov
• Slide 25: 1/3/06 Skin Cancer, www.healingdaily.com
• Slide 26: 1/3/06 Allergic Contact Dermatitis, www.immunologyclinic.com
• Slide 27: 1/3/06 Eczema, http://www.pg.com/science/skincare/Skin_tws_55/Skin_tws_55_03.jpg
• Slide 28: 1/3/06, Impetigo, http://www.manbir-online.com/grafics/impetigo.jpg
• Slide 29: 1/3/06, Psoriasis, www.monpso.net
• Slide 30: 1/3/06, Ringworm, http://www.avte.net/AVTE2003/contents/hazards/zoonotic%20hazards/ha_ringworm.jpg
• Slide 31: 1/3/06, http://vasculitis.med.jhu.edu/treatments/images/warts.jpg