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Using the Internet: Making the Most of the
Web’s Resources
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Topics
• Internet basics
• Internet data
• Internet service providers• Web browsers
• URLs
• Hyperlinks
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More Topics
• Search engines and subject directories
• Internet communications
• E-commerce• Internet multimedia
• The Internet’s future
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The Internet: The Basics
• Origin of the Internet
• The Web vs. the Internet
• Clients and servers• Connecting to the Internet
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The Origin of the Internet
• ARPANET: – Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
– Funded by the US Government in the 1960s
– Allowed computers at leading universities and researchorganizations to communicate with each other over greatdistances
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The Internet vs. The Web
• Internet – part of the systemthat is primarily hardwareinfrastructure(telecommunications, routers,servers, disk drives, etcetera)
• Web - part of the system thatcontains intellectual propertyin many multimedia formats(test files, graphic files, soundfiles, video files, etcetera): themeans to access the Internet.
INTERNET
WWW
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Client and Server
• Client computer: – Users connect to the Internet
– Request data and Web pages
• Server computers
– Store Web pages and data – Return the requested data to the client
Server
Client
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Connecting to the Internet
• Dial-up connections:
– Uses standard telephone
line
– Least costly connection
– Requires a modem• Mo dulate: converts digital
signals the computer can
understand to analog
signals that can travel
over the phone line.• Dem odulate
– Slowest connection speed
(56kbps)
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Broadband Connections
• Digital Subscriber Lines
– Faster than dial-up
• Upstream (16Kbps -640kbps)
• Downstream (1.5 Mbps – 9 Mbps)
• ADSL: asymmetrical DSL
• SDSL: same upload and download
speed.
– Requires special DSL modem
DSL
modem
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Broadband Connections
• Cable: – Uses TV coaxial cable
– Fast connection speed(300kbps – 4mbps)
– Speed depends on numberof users
– Not available in all areas
– Requires a cable modem
Coaxialcable
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Satellite Connections
• Uses a satellite dish
and coaxial cable
– Download speed
500kbps – Upload speed
100kbps
– Signal is affected by
location and weather
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Comparing Internet Connection Options
Connectio
n Option
Maximum Upload Data
Transfer Rate (approximate)
Maximum Download Data
Transfer Rate (approximate)
Dial-Up 56kbps 56kbps
DSL
(ADSL)
300 kbps 1 Mbps
DSL
(SDSL)
1.5mbps 1.5mbps
Cable 500 kbps 6 mbps
Satellite 100kbps 400kbps
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Internet Service Providers
• ISP: – Internet service provider
– Provide user access to the
Internet
– National, regional or localcompanies
• OSP: – Online service provider
– Provide online proprietary
content as well as Internet
access
– AOL, CompuServe, MSN
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Choosing an ISP
• Factors to consider:
– Customer service
– Local access numbers
– E-mail options
– Cost
– Trial period
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Navigating the Web: Web Browsers
• Computer software
• Graphical
• Enables Webnavigation
• Popular browsers:
– Internet Explorer – Netscape Navigator
– Mozilla (firefox)
– Google Chrome
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Browser Toolbars
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Getting Around the Web
• Web sites
• URLs
• Hyperlinks
• Favorites and
Bookmarks
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Web Sites
• Web site: – Collection of related Web pages
– First page known as Home or Index page
• Web page: – HTML document• Text and graphics
– Unique address
– Hyperlinks
Home page
Related
pages
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URL
• URL:
–Uniform Resource Locator
–Unique Web page address
URL http://
Protocol
identifies
the means
of access
www.nytimes.com/
Domain name
contains the
host and top-
level domain
Pages/cartoons/
Path
identifies the
subdirectories
within the
Web site
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Current Top-Level Domains
.aero Members of the air transport industry
.biz Businesses
.com Can be used by anyone
.coop Cooperative associations
.edu Degree granting institutions
.gov United States government
.info Information service providers
.mil United States military
.museum Museums
.name Individuals
.net Networking organizations.org Organizations (often nonprofits)
.pro Credentialed professionals
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Hyperlinks
• Provide access to
other Web pages
• Specially coded text
or graphics• Cursor becomes a
hand with finger
pointing upward
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Favorites and Bookmarks
• List created of favoriteWeb pages
• Easy method of returningto Web pages
• Internet Explorer usesFavorites
• Netscape usesBookmarks
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Tabbed Browsing
• Found on Firefox and Safari browsers. – Not available on Internet Explorer
• Multiple pages in same browser window
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Search Engines
• User keys word or
phrase in search box
• “Spider” or “Web
Crawler” programscans web pages
• Results are indexed
and sent to the client
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Subject Directories
• Web pagesorganized by topics
and subtopics
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Evaluating Web Sites
• Who is the author of the article or Web site
sponsor?
• What audience is the site geared toward?
• Is the site biased?
• Is the information current?
• Are links available?
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Communicating Through
the Internet
• Weblogs
• Chat rooms• Instant messaging
• Newsgroups
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• Electronic mail
• Primary meansofcommunication
• E-mail accounts – Client-based
– Web-based
• Spam – Prevention
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Weblogs
• Known as blogs
• Personal logs or journal entries posted on theWeb
• Available to the public
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Chat Rooms
• Real time text based conversations
• Rooms focus on specific topics or interests
• Identity protection
– Username
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Instant Messaging
• Real time text basedconversations
• Set up a list of contacts
– Buddy list
• Contacts must be online
• IM software detects
presence• Example: AOL Instant
Messenger
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Newsgroups
• Online discussion forums
• Post and reply to messages
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Online Annoyances
• Spam – electronic junk mail
• Pop-ups – intrusive advertising
• Cookies – tracking user’s browsing habits • Spyware – Programs that collect data from
a user’s computer
• Phishing and Hoaxes – Ruses to fool andmaybe steal from users.
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Spam
• Junk E-Mail
• Spam filters
• Anti-spampractices
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Pop-ups
• Usually advertising
• Pop-up automatically
• Pop-up blockers
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Cookies
• Text files stored on clientcomputers when visitingWeb sites
• Used on return visits toWeb sites
• Unique ID number
• Personal information
remembered• Privacy risk
– Selling information
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Spyware
• Added as a programpiggybacked with arequested program
• Gathers information,usually about surfinghabits
• Anti-virus softwaredoesn’t detect it
• Anti-spywareprograms arerequired
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Phishing and Hoaxes
• Phishing is a phony communication
• Attempts to scam someone into sending
vital information
• Hoaxes are attempts to scam people into
sending money, or join a chain letter.
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Conducting Business
Over the Internet
• E-Commerce: – Electronic commerce
– Business-to-consumer (B2C)
– Business-to-business (B2B)
– Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) – Secure transactions
Manufacturer
Suppliers
Retailer
B2B
E-commerce
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Web Entertainment
• Multimedia: – Involves forms of media
and text• Graphics
• Audio• Video
– Streaming audio and video:deliver on-demand picturesand sounds withoutdownloading the whole file.
– Plug-in: built-in programand automatically loads
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Future of the Internet• Large Scale Networking
(LSN): – Research and development of
cutting-edge networking andwireless technologies
• Internet2: – Project sponsored by
universities, government, andindustry to develop newInternet technologies
– Internet2 backbone supportstransmission speeds of 10Gbps
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Chapter 3
Summary Question 1
• What is the origin of the Internet?
Chapter 3
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• How does data travel on the Internet?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 2
C 3
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• What are my options for connecting to the
Internet?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 3
Ch t 3
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• How do I choose an Internet service
provider?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 4
Ch t 3
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• What is a Web browser?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 5
Ch t 3
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• What is a URL and what are its parts?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 6
Ch t 3
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• How can I use hyperlinks and other tools
to get around the Web?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 7
Ch t 3
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• How do I search the Internet using search
engines and subject directories?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 8
Ch t 3
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• How can I communicate through the
Internet?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 9
Ch t 3
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• What is e-commerce?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 10
Ch t 3
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• What are cookies?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 11
Ch t 3
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• What are the various kinds of Multimedia?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 12
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• What does the Internet of the future look
like?
Chapter 3
Summary Question 13