INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION
M.VijayalakshmiGuest Lecturer
INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION
Unit IInformation
and Communication
Technology
ICT: Concept, Objectives, Need and Importance of ICT – Characteristics and Scope of Information and Communication Technology
Meaning • The term “Information” refers to “any
communication or representation of knowledge such as facts, data or opinions in any medium or for, including textual, numerical, graphic Cartographic, narrative or audiovisual forms.
• Technology is the practical form of scientific knowledge or the science of application of knowledge to practical.
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Definition • "ICT stand for information and communication
technologies and is defined, as a "diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information."
• "ICT implies the technology which consists of electronic devices and associated human interactive materials that enable the user to employ them for a wide range of teaching - learning processes in addition to personal use."
Concept of ICT• Information technology (IT) that can help in
coping with the information explosion
• Information technology (IT) is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a micro-electronics - based combination of computing and telecommunication.
• Anything that renders data, information or perceived knowledge in any visual format whatsoever, via any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered part of the domains space known as Information Technology
• Communication technology is the activity of designing and constructing and maintaining communication systems.
Classification
Traditional
Modern
NEED of ICT
Importance of ICT
Characteristics of Information Technology
* Acquisition, Storage, manipulation, management, transmission or reception of data or information.
* Real time access to information. * Easy availability of updated data. * Connecting Geographically dispersed regions. * Wider range of communication media.
Unique Characteristics of ICT
ICT is pervasive and cross-cutting From personal use to business and Govt. Can be tailored to meet personal, local, diverse
needs. ICT creates networks
Those connected benefit from the network The Network externalities increases as it
grows
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Characteristics cont’
ICT disseminates information and knowledge
Separates content from its physical locationMakes knowledge available to remote
communitiesICT allows for zero or declining marginal
costsReplication of content is freeDistribution of marginal cost is near zeroICT reduces transaction costs
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Characteristics cont’
ICT enhances efficiency Has power to store, retrieve, sorts, filter and
distribute information Makes processes and transactions leaner and
more effective
ICT reduces the need for intermediaries Links consumers directly to producers Allows users to acquire products and services
directly
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Characteristics cont’
ICT is global Transcends cultural and linguistic barriers
Allows local communities to be part of the global network
SummaryThese characteristics suggest that ICT can be a
powerful enabler of development
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ICT for EducationApplications of ICT
Distance Education
Affordability and geography have been barriers to access
ICT has enhanced the quality of distance education Six largest Distance Learning Universities are located in
developing countries: Turkey, Indonesia, China, India, Thailand and Korea
Distance Education facilitated by ICT has mainly been applied to tertiary education
ICT has enabled cross-border education24
Applications cont’
Scientific Research Development of networks over the internet
empowers indigenous research & development (R&D) in developing countries
Existence of virtual research groups allows databases and information to be shared
ICT enhances North-South and South-South collaborations
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Applications cont’
Technical and vocational training
ICT is being employed to train workers in many functional areas e.g Health care,IT services, teachers
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Education Administration Enhances day-to-day management of institutions
• Timetabling• Student admission &Tracking• Financial Management• Medical services• Procurement & store management• Data distribution & management
Uses in Education• To broadcast material, online facility or CD-ROM can be used as sources of
information in different subjects• To facilitate communication for pupils with special needs • To use electronic toys to develop spatial awareness and psycho-motor control• To use the Online resource like, email, Chat, discussion forum to support
collaborative writing and sharing of information• To facilitate video-conferencing or other form of Tele conferencing to involve
wide range of students from distant Geographic areas • For Blended learning by combining conventional classroom learning with
E-leaming learning systems • To process administrative and assessment data• To exchange and share ideas -among teachers for the professional growth • To carry out internet-based research to enhance , educational process
Uses and Advantages• Students • Teachers• Guidance and Counseling personnel• Educational Planners• Research Workers• Desirable changes and resolution –
Formal and Non-formal Education and Instruction
Limitations and Drawbacks
• Lack of needed facilities , material and equipment and favourable conditions for the use of ICT
• Widespread ignorance• Resistance – attachment to old ways and fear
– adoption of the new• Lack of provision – in pre-service stage nor in-
service stage
Scope of ICT
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Scope
TL process Publication Evaluation Research Administration
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Teaching learning process
Effective learning is possible by five sensory means.According to psychological study human can grasp 80% knowledge visually, 15 % through hearing & 5% with the rest of the sensory items.
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• So it becomes necessary to present the content by attractive means. Computer technology helps us to provide rich presentation.
• To provide rich presentation, it is necessary to use the various components like:-
1. Text matter presentation2. Animation presentation3. Graphic presentation4. Audio presentation5. Video presentation
Computer Aided Teaching has become popular now a days.
SCOPE OF ICT IN EDUCATION
A person from village also can refer the latest information and research everyday.Television broadcast is one of the best communication media to educate students, farmers, sportsman.The difficult experiments, advance surgery for medical students etc. can be viewed.LCD projectors can be used for effective training.The man power problem, the human mistakes can be avoided by on-line examination.
In online tutoring, the student logs into his or her tutor through the use of internet at home. The student asks the question and teacher replies it by writing on smart board or using powerpoint presentation.
LEARNING USING ICT
Motivates learnerLearning process can be anywhere and anytimeStudents use interactive whiteboard in classroom.
IMPACT ON TEACHERS
Teacher access to : Lesson plans Network of teachers Pedagogical techniques Information resources
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Publication
• The notes, printed text books can be digitized with the help of computer technology.
• Many e-books are available on websites developed by different publishers.
• Encyclopedia is also available on internet.
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Evaluation
Online tests Results
Feedback Software
Progress reports
ADVANTAGES OF ICT FOR EVALUATION
Student accept more responsibility for their own learning and its assessment, developing expertise in the process.
Teacher application of curriculum can be monitored by analyzing test results. This can be used by teachers for assessing and improving their own performance meeting state and national standards.
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ResearchSearch engines
E libraries
Internet Wikipedia
USE OF ICT IN DAY TO DAY LIFE OF STUDENTS AND TEACHERS
• Students use ICT as reference tool. They use computers to browse the internet to look information, project information and literature survey.
• Teachers use ICT in research for preparing teaching material ,participate in online forums and online conference.
• Researchers use ICT tool to collect ,process and analyze data.
• School administrators use ICT tool for administrative purpose to make sure that the entire operation runs smoothly. E.g. to get student details at the click of a button.
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Administration• Employees register• Library record• Progress reports• Students register• Placement cell• Alumni record• School campus record• Finance & accounts• Timetable
How ICT is being used very effectivelyBroadening horizons with more opportunities
for creative expressionFlexibility to study where, when and how best
suits individual needs and preferencesIncreased motivation through learning that
stimulates and stretches Wider access to learning and participationSensible choices about when, when not and
how to use new technology to enhance, enrich and extend learning
Advantages of using ICT in lessons Increased commitment to learning works Enhanced enjoyment and interest in learning and the subject Increase in self-directed learning and independence Getting a lot of information and ideas Learning computer skills Analyzing information Increased motivation to stay on-work, behave better and
produce higher Quality output Produce higher quality work Learn more independently and at their own pace Do things they cannot do using traditional methods and
resources Do more work and work more quickly
A Framework for ICT in Teacher Education
Leadership & Vision
Content & Pedagogy
Planning & Management of Change
Collaborating & Networking
Teacher Education
Technical Issues
Life Long Learning
Social Issues
Context & Culture
Four Themes
Context and Culture
Leadership and Vision
Lifelong Learning
Planning and Management
of Change
Four Competencies
Pedagogy
Collaboration and Networking
Technical Issues
Social Issues
Technological Options in Teaching
• Voice - one-way, two-way audio tools• Video – still images, pre-recorded moving
images, real-time moving images• Data -i. Teaching Machineii. CAIiii. CMIiv. CME• Print
ADVANTAGES OF THE USE OF ICT IN EDUCATION
• Quick access to information • Easy availability of updated data • Connecting Geographically dispersed regions • Catering to the Individual differences • Wider range of communication media • Wider learning opportunities for pupils
Recommendation
• Deep impact• Respond to change – much faster• Urgent to realign the curriculum framework• Training and Orientation – immediate requirement• Teachers in profession – continual professional
development• Teacher educators – plan to introduce – to ensure high
quality and appropriate learning• Teacher educators, educational authorities and
stakeholders - Enjoy the maximum benefits • Building appropriate information systems• Redefining the processes – transparency
Credit Sources
Images are taken from INTERNET Sources