HYDROPOWER DAMS FOR WATER, FOOD AND ENERGY
Dr. Tran Duc Toan
Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute
Yali Hydropower and main parameters
Yali hydropower has built since 1993-2002
Main objective is electricity generation to national grid system
Installed capacity: 720 MW , 4 turbines
Area of basin: 744.500 ha
Water storage capacity: 8515 cubic meter
Water effective level: 515 m of altitude Ware dead level: 490 m of altitude
Hydropower and Resettlement Context
Yali hydropower & Resettlement impacts
Items Unit Amount
1.Resettled people Individual 5,381
2.Resettled households HH 1,149
3. Resettlement village Village 9
4. Inundated land ha 6,480
5. Farming land ha 1,933
6. Wet-rice crop field ha 871
7. Other crops ha 1,100
8. Forest land ha 3,492
Sources: Report on Resettlement of Yali hydropower project. Vietnam, 2001
Table1: Affected by Yali Hydropower
Loca
l livelih
ood a
lso a
ffecte
d
by H
P
Rapid changes in farmer’s livelihood
Land loss due to water in reservoir raise up
Rapid changed in living conditions
Resettlement house by HP
It was 1149 HH has resettled & compensation house have been built
Cultivated land has been inundated
871 ha of paddy land and 1.100 ha of other crops have been inundated
No longer land for cultivation , livestock
What happen to livelihood of farmer ?
Rapid changes in farming system
Cropping pattern massively change of after resettlement
Upland crops such as hill rice, maize and cassava are become main crops
Broad Scale Survey defined
Cassava has been dominated crop in the upland area since 2005
Farmer’s livelihood more depended on upland crops
Industrial crops such as rubber, coffee, gluticea have developed since 2005
Upland has uncontrolled and massively explored for food crop, industrial crops
Major challenges for Local livelihood after resettlement
Upland degradation trend to be extended
Paddy land is scarcity due to land loss
Irrigation has destroyed , water shortage for agriculture
High pressure of population, immigration
The rural poor&
food insecurity
Land selling between Ethnic – Kinh or Outsiders
Potential for enhancing local livelihood
Semi-flood land area is available for food security
Soil is alluvial with high fertile
It is suitable for many different crops
Major constraints
Water in reservoir rise up when Yali HP stores water for electricity generation
Earlier harvesting in semi-flood land area lead to poor yield
Government law support for local people
Yali HP also support for local people
Semi-flood land area has exploited for agriculture but inefficiency
Altitude (m)
Months
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
510-512 m ---- ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
---------------------
Duration of exposed land 210 days Water submerged
512-514 m ---- //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-----------------
Duration of exposed land 240 days Water submerged
514- 515 m
---- /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
----------
Duration of exposed land 270 days Water submerged
Water behavior of Yali reservoir
Cropping season must be within 210-270 days
Water level in January
Water level after Feb
Table: Semi-flood land exposed in reservoir
Figure: Map of Yali reservoir (4 communes)
Yali Reservoir and Semi-flood land area
Table: Semi-flood land area in Yali reservoir
Communes
Semi-flood land area/ Water level (m) Total (ha)
490-495
495-500
500-505
505-510
510-515
Sa Binh 3.6 109.0 31.8 34.5 211.3 390.1
Yali 28.4 261.3 118.9 107.1 414.7 930.5
Ya xier 2.9 6.1 147.3 156.2
Ya Tang 20.7 125.2 88.2 91.2 194.1 519.4
Total 52.7 495.5 241.8 238.8 967.4 1996.2
Agriculture only use above 505 m of altitude
Possibility of agriculture in semi-flood land area
Pilot trial in semi-flood land area
Shorten cassava variety KM98-7 has tested in semi-flood area
Growth period: 7-10 month = 210-300 days
KM98-7 in semi-flood land area
KM98-7 & KM 94 in semi-flood land area
Faster growin
gKM98-7
Pilot trial in semi-flood land area
Training for farmer on cultivation techniques
- Introduce new cassava variety
- Cultivation techniques
- Feedback from local people?
Field monitoring in pilot trial
Pilot trial & Results
Tube of cassava after 3 months
Varieties Duration (days)
Yield (ton/ha)
Starch content
KM98-7 230 30,0-33,0 26 % **
KM94 230 19,0-21,0 21%
KM140 230 24,0-26,0 22%
Cassava yield before water in reservoir raise up
Table: Cassava yield at harvesting time
Pilot trial and Beneficiaries
First year of testing & Who are beneficiaries
Leader of commune and Kinh people must pioneer
The result of pilot trial is an evidence to convince ethnic minority to involve in
Training courses and field visit has adverted for MK1 activities in Yali reservoir through Shorten Cassava KM97-8
Local staff has recognized which crops varieties can use in semi-flood land area
Less learn from pilot trial of MK1
Any livelihood activities must suitable with local condition (bio-physical and social context)
Livelihood activities must fit with local strategies
Key points to achieve a successful of MK1 in Vietnam
Enhancing the role of local government /local staff in pilot trial
Yali hydropower must engage with local government
The market demand should take consideration
Future Perspective of MK1
Continuously extending KM98-7 in semi-food land area for improvement of local livelihood
Income diversify for farmer in semi-flood land area by other shorten crop varieties need to identify for further local livelihood improvement
Equity of beneficiaries , especially ethnic minority people
Poor farmer households and Resettlement people will be focused
MK1 Project