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Prepared For: Khalil Ahmed
Prepared By : Talha Arfi
Registration # 20090498
Institute of Cost and Management Accountant s of Pakistan
October 18th, 2010 6
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STRUCTURE
y Why Dams?
y What is a Dam?y Types of Dams
y Uses Of Dams
y Dams-Statistics
y Impacts of Dams
y Conclusion
y Questions and Answers
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WHY DAMS?y Water for sustaining all life.
yYear round supply of water.
y Water collection and utilization.yAbility to sustain dough and dry situations.
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WHAT IS DAM?yA structure to contain water.
yA solid barrier constructed across a river valley.
y Has mechanically engineered structure to direct andcontrol flow of water and storage.
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TYP
ESOF DAM
S
Gravity Dam
Buttress Dam
Arch Dam
Embankment Dam
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USES OF DAMSy Direct Water Usage
y Indirect Uses
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DIRECT WATERUSAGEy Private/Domestic
y Commercial
y Irrigationy Livestock
y Industrial
y Mining
y General Public Supply
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INDIRECTUSESy Hydroelectric Power
y Flood Control
y Transportation
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DAMSSTATISTICSy By the end of the 20th century , there were 45,000 large
dams built in 150 countries .International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD)
y Displacement of 4 million people annually due to dams.y Approximately 1,700 dams are being built , at the cost of
about 50 million dollars per year.
y 19% of electricity from hydro power-more than 50% in 63countries.
y 12% of all dams have a water supply function.
y 75 countries have dams for flood control.
y Dam supports 30-40% of irrigated area and 12-16% ofglobal food production.
World Commission on Dams (WCD)14
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IMPACTS OF DAMSy Environmental Impacts
y Sociological Impacts
y Economical Impactsy Effects of Dams on Water Quality
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Environmental Impactsy River Pollution
y Erosion
y Loss of Aesthetic ViewyAir Pollution
y Noise Pollution
y Dust
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SOCIOLOGICAL IMPACTSy Indigenous People Affected
y Loss of Ecosystems
y Loss of Speciesy Displacement Of People
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DISPLACEMENT OF PEOPLE BY
DAMS
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ECONOMICAL IMPACTSyAgriculture
y PowerGeneration
y Water Supplyy Employment
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EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITYy Change in Temperature
y Turbidity
y DissolvedGas in the Watery Eutrophication
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CONCLUSIONy Small dams instead of large dams.
y Careful planning .
y Sociological impacts should be considered along withthe main objectives of :
y water supply
y power generation
y
flood controly Economic incentives should be weighed against
sociological impacts.
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QUESTIONS & ANSWERSSESSION
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