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What Is Food Defense?
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Why Be Concerned
o Intentional contamination has happened and can happen again.
o Oranges with mercury – Israel, 1978
o Salad bars with Salmonella – Oregon, 1984
o oo!ies with needles, St. "ouis, 1984
o #ast $ood with rat poison, hina, %&&%
o 'round bee$ with nicotine – (ichigan, %&&)
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Who Would Do This?
o *errorists or +ctiists
o ompetitors
o-isgruntled employees
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Why?
o +nger oer national, business, or personaldi$$erences
o See!ing changes in culture
oSee!ing economic disruption
o See!ing harm to others
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Imagine—What If?
oeople are ill, in/ured, or een dying.
o0our company name and product are inoled.
o+ recall is initiated.
oroduction is halted/obs lost.o#inancial losses occur
You are asked, “What did you do toprevent this?”
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Food defense measures
o Outside Security (easures
o Inside Security (easures
o ersonnel Security (easures
o Incident 2esponse Security (easures
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Outside Security Measures
'O+"
*o preent unauthori3ed access bypeople, or entry o$ unapproed materialsto the $acility.
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Outside Security Measures-hysical security
olant boundaries are clear and secured to preent unauthori3ed entry
ontrances are secured
olant perimeter is periodically monitored $or suspicious actiity
oOutside lighting is present to deter unauthori3ed actiities
oOther access points such as windows and ents are secured
oOutside storage on the premises is protected $rom unauthori3ed access
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ossi!le Measuresfor Food Defense
onsure proper lighting to monitor the establishment outdoors at
night and early morning.oInstall sel$5loc!ing doors and6or alarms on emergency eits.
onsure the $ollowing are secured with loc!s, seals, or sensors whenunattended a$ter hours6wee!ends to preent unauthori3ed entry:
Outside doors and gates
;indows
2oo$ openings
<ent openings
"oading ports
o2egularly conduct and document security inspections o$ storage$acilities, including temporary storage ehicles.
o2estrict outdoor access to water wells6sources.
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Outside Security Measures -Shi""ing#$ecei%ing Security
oIncoming shipments are eamined $or potential tampering
oIncoming and outgoing ehicles are eamined $or suspicious actiity
o"oading and unloading actiities are scheduled and6or monitored
o"oading doc! access is controlled
oIncoming shipments are secured with loc!s or seals
oOutgoing shipments are loc!ed or sealed
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ossi!le Measuresfor Food Defense
olosely monitor loading and unloading o$ ehicles transporting raw materials,$inished products or other materials used in $ood processing.oontrol access to loading doc!s to aoid uneri$ied or unauthori3eddelieries.o2e=uire adance noti$ication $rom suppliers $or all delieries.
oImmediately inestigate suspicious changes in shipping documents.o>old unscheduled delieries outside establishment premises pendingeri$ication.oI$ o$$5hour deliery is accepted, re=uire prior notice o$ the deliery and anauthori3ed person to be present to eri$y and receie the deliery.ohec! partial load shipments $or content and condition.
o2e=uire incoming shipments o$ ingredients and $inished products to be sealedwith tamper5eident seal and eri$y the seals prior to entry.oamine returned goods at a separate location $or eidence o$ tamperingo(aintain records o$ disposition o$ returned goods.o2e=uire driers or deliery personnel to proide identi$ication,o(inimi3e the time a truc! is unloc!ed during loading or deliery.
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Inside Security Measures
GOAL
To protect product from intentionalcontamination throuhout the productionprocess!
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Inside Security Measures - &eneralInside Security
oSuspicious pac!ages are reported to appropriate personnel
o2estricted areas o$ the establishment are clearly identi$ied
oreiously unattended materials are chec!ed be$ore use
o?nepected changes in inentory product or e=uipment are reportedto appropriate personnel
omergency lighting is in place
o+n emergency alert system is identi$iable, tested, and reiewed withemergency contacts
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ossi!le Measuresfor Food Defense
oInstall and monitor security cameras.
oIncrease isibility within the establishment $or e.g.,
improe lighting, openness, increase superision, addcameras.
o2egularly ta!e inentory o$ !eys to secured 6sensitieareas o$ the establishment.
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Inside Security Measures -rocessing 'rea Security
o+ccess to ingredients and pac!aged product isrestricted
o+ccess to process control e=uipment is restricted
oIngredients are eamined $or possible tampering
o2ecords ensure traceability
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ossi!le Measuresfor Food Defense
o(aintain records to allow e$$icient trace bac!ward or$orward o$ materials and $inished product.
o2educe the time an area is le$t unmonitored.
o2educe access to product containers or processinge=uipment.
o-o not allow unnecessary personal items within theproduction area.
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Inside Security Measures - StorageSecurity
o+ccess to storage areas is restricted
oStoc! rotation $irst in, $irst out is practiced
o"abels and pac!aging materials are controlled topreent the$t and misuse
oeriodic eaminations $or tampering o$ materials instorage are per$ormed
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ossi!le Measuresfor Food Defense
o(aintain an access log $or product and ingredientstorage areas.
o2egularly chec! the inentory o$ $inished products $oruneplained additions and withdrawals $rom eistingstoc!.
o2estrict access to eternal storage $acilities todesignated employees only.
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Inside Security Measures-Ingredients#Water#Ice Security
o2estrict access to storage tan!s $or potable water andto water reuse systems.
o+ccess to lines that trans$er water or ingredients areeamined and restricted
o2estricted ingredients are controlled
oSupplier $ood sa$ety6security in$ormation is re=uested
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ossi!le Measuresfor Food Defense
oamine pac!ages o$ ingredients be$ore use $or eidenceo$ tampering.
o2estrict access to product, ingredient, and pac!agingstorage areas to designated employees only
o;ater is $rom a controlled source
oInspect water lines $or possible tampering per$ormisual inspection $or integrity o$ in$rastructure, properconnections
I id S i M
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Inside Security Measures-Chemical#(a)ardous Material
Control Security
ohemicals6ha3ardous materials are in a restricted areaor secured by a loc!
o(aintain an up5to5date inentory o$ ha3ardousmaterials and chemicals, and inestigate discrepancies.
ootentially ha3ardous waste is controlled and disposedo$ properly
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ossi!le Measuresfor Food Defense
o2estrict access to the in5plant laboratory.
o>ae procedures in place to control receipt o$ samples.
o>ae a procedure in place to receie, securely store,and dispose o$ reagents
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Inside Security Measures -Information Security
o+ccess to sensitie in$ormation such as site plans andprocessing details is controlled
o+ccess to computer systems is protected through$irewalls and6or passwords
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ossi!le Measuresfor Food Defense
o*rac! customer complaints6comments $or trends.
o@eep details o$ $ood de$ense procedures con$identialas necessary.
o>ae up5to5date establishment layout $or local lawen$orcement i$ needed.
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ersonnel Security Measures
'O+"
*o ensure that only authori3ed personnelare in the $acility at any time
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ersonnel Security Measures -*m"loyee Security
o+ method to recogni3e or identi$y employees in the$acility is in place
oAac!ground or re$erence chec!s are conducted $ornew hires
omployees hae restrictions on what they can bring inor ta!e $rom the $acility
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ersonnel Security Measures -+on-em"loyee Security
o"og o$ non5employees entering the establishment is maintained
o+ method to recogni3e or identi$y non5employees in theestablishment is in place
oBon5employees are accompanied on5site
oBon5employees are restricted to appropriate areas
oBon5employees hae restrictions on what they can bring in or ta!e$rom the $acility
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ersonnel Security Measures -Security Training
o+wareness training on security measures is proided tonew employees
o2e$resher awareness training on security measures iso$$ered to employees on a periodic basis
omployees are trained to report suspicious actiitiesor unusual obserations
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ossi!le Measuresfor Food Defense
o+uthori3e appropriate employees to stop a process $or signi$icantconcerns.
oontrol access by employees and non5employees entering theestablishment during wor!ing and non5wor!ing hours
o2estrict temporary employees and non5employees to areas releant totheir wor!.
oImplement system to identi$y personnel
orohibit employees $rom remoing company5proided uni$orms $rom thepremises.
o(aintain an updated shi$t roster $or each shi$t.
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Incident $es"onse SecurityMeasures
'O+"
*o respond =uic!ly to a productcontamination threat or eent using
planned measures
Incident $es"onse Security
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Incident $es"onse SecurityMeasures - In%estigating Security
Concernso>ae procedures to ensure that potentially harm$ul products are held.
oustomer comments are inestigated
o2eporting unusual actiities is encouraged
oIn$ormation is aailable to employees on how to respond to phone orother threats
omployees hae the ability to stop actiities to minimi3e a potential$ood de$ense incident
o2eported security breaches $or eample, alarms, suspicion o$tampering are inestigated
Incident $es"onse Security
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Incident $es"onse SecurityMeasures - *mergency Contact
Securityolant personnel contact in$ormation is !ept upto date
omergency contact lists are !ept up to date
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Incident $es"onse SecurityMeasures - Other lan Security
o+ product recall plan is maintained and
periodically reiewed
o@ey personnel are trained in product
recall6withdraw procedures
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ossi!le Measuresfor Food Defense
ostablish eacuation procedures and include in $oodde$ense plan.
ostablish procedures $or responding to threats as wellas actual product contamination eents.
ore5establish communication with local and stateincident response personnel $or a more e$$icientresponse.