Entrepreneurial Spiritwhere education meets business
James Nottingham Stefan Lindström
The Nature vs. Nurture argument
Francis Galton was the first to raise the argument when he published an article discussing the the influence of heredity and environment on social advancement.
Galton was a cousin of Charles Darwin
Genetics plays a role, but how much of one?
There are varying degrees of heritability
High
Medium
Low
Eye colour and blood type
Weight
Specific language
How hereditary is intelligence?
Alfred Binet1857 - 1911
The origins of the IQ test
In 1904, Alfred Binet was asked by the French government to create a mechanism for identifying students in need of alternative education.
Binet created a scale of 30 tasks for 6 – 14 year olds, ranging from easy to complex ones.
He was forthright about the limitations of his scale, stressing that intellectual development progressed at variable rates and was heavily influenced by nurture.
Binet clearly stated that the IQ scale reflected intelligence that is malleable rather than fixed.
The misuse of IQ
In 1908, H.H. Goddard, translated Binet’s scale into English. However, as a champion of the eugenics movement, he changed the focus of the scale to suit his own beliefs.
With it was published the following objective: "curtailing the reproduction of feeble-mindedness and in the elimination of an enormous amount of crime, pauperism, and industrial inefficiency” (Terman, Lyman, et al, 1916)
Lewis Terman then took the scale, standardized it using a large US sample, and from that created the first Stanford-Binet scale – the basis for the modern IQ test.
What matters is what you believe about intelligence
People who believe intelligence comes mainly from nature have a ‘fixed’ mindset
Professor Carol Dweck, Stanford
People who believe intelligence comes mainly from nurture have a ‘growth’ mindset
Fixed
Intelligence is innate
I have gifts
I’ll always be good at certain things
I’ll never be good at other things
Growth
Intelligence is incremental
I’ve developed talents
My abilities change over time for better or worse
I can learn pretty much anything I put my mind to
Fixed vs Growth Mindsets
What difference does mindset make?
The French don’t know the meaning of the word ‘entrepreneur’
Evelyn Glennie – Growth Mindset ?
Sting – Fixed Mindset ?
Entrepreneurial minds – born or created?
Number of children per family, Sweden 2004
One child families 19%
Two children 47%
Three children 24%
Four children 7%
Five children 2%
Six or more 1%
Entrepreneurial archetypes
Starter (drive, impulsive, intuitive)
Professional (all-rounder, analytical, long-term)
Serial entrepreneur (intuitive, extrovert, timing)
Innovator (feeling & thinking, details)
Lifestyle (independent, sentimental)
Workstyle (party with themselves)
Are schools built on fixed or growth mindsets?
Rewards and assessments
10/10
Thinking
Wondering
Decision
Understanding
Reflection
Knowledge
Argument
Opinion
Conclusion
Justification
Pre-test; Marks Out of 10
7, 8, 9 or 10New Set of Spellings
4, 5, or 6Correct Set
0, 1, 2 or 3Additional coaching
Spelling tests that focus on learning
169
My name is Stuart and I sit in the …
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