Emergency Response Solutions
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Intermodal Specialist
Intermodal Portable Tanks
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Barry Lindley
• Specialized Professional Services, Inc.
• www.callspsi.com• www.dupontert.com• [email protected]• 304-545-1953
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Fastest Growing Mode
• In 2016, the shipping industry transported approximately 130 million containers packed with cargo, with an estimated value of more than $4 trillion.
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Statistics
• 2017– 183 million (TEU’s) moved annually– 6.7 million are in transit now– At any point in time, there are about
6,000 containerships active on the world’s seas
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Lost at Sea
• 2008-2016– World Shipping Council estimates that
there were on average 568 containers lost at sea each year, not counting catastrophic events, and on average a total of 1,582 containers lost at sea each year including catastrophic events.
Emergency Response Solutions
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Lost at Sea
• MOL Comfort in the Indian Ocean lost all of the 4,293 containers on board in 2013 – which remains the worst containership loss in history
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Introduction
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Types Of Containers• Dry Freight• Flat Racks• Open Top• Tunnel • Open side• Double Door• Refrigerated• Insulated / thermal
• Tanks / Tubes• Cargo Storage Roll• Half Height• Car carriers• Intermediate bulk• Drums• Special Purpose• Swap Bodies
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Length: 1,312′Beam: 194’Capacity: 21,413 TEU
OOCL Hong KongWorlds (current) largest container ship
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Emergency Response Solutions
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Land Bridge
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Stacking
• Bottom container can support 8• Stack 9 high in ship holds• Stack 5-6 high on land and above
deck on ships
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Intermodal Box
Emergency Response Solutions
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TEU Intermodal Containers• ISO specifications
– Corner posts take load– Corner blocks for rigging– Corrugated steel sides &
top– Doors on one end (or
more)– Hardwood plywood floor
sealed to sides– Angle/channel steel
support below floor, fork pockets
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And It’s Big Brother
• The FEU – Two TEU’s– Forty-foot Equivalent Unit, i.e. 40’ long,
8’ wide, 8’ tall
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TEU Capacities For Common Container Sizes
Length Width Height Volume TEU
20 ft (6.1 m) 8 ft (2.44 m) 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) 1,172 cu ft (33.2 m3) 1
40 ft (12.2 m) 8 ft (2.44 m) 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) 2,377 cu ft (67 m3) 2
45 ft (13.7 m) 8 ft (2.44 m) 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) 3,060 cu ft (86.6 m3) 2 or 2.25
48 ft (14.6 m) 8 ft (2.44 m) 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) 3,264 cu ft (92.4 m3) 2.4
53 ft (16.2 m) 8 ft (2.44 m) 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) 3,604 cu ft (102.1 m3) 2.65
High cube
20 ft (6.1 m) 8 ft (2.44 m) 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) 1,520 cu ft (43 m3) 1
Half height
20 ft (6.1 m) 8 ft (2.44 m) 4 ft 3 in (1.30 m) 680 cu ft (19.3 m3) 1
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Stacking Order
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Emergency Response Solutions
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Cyanide
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Emergency Response Solutions
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Intermodal Box Containers
Packages secured to prevent shifting in any direction
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Intermodal Tanks
Container Markings and Data Plates
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Emergency Response Solutions
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Data Plates
• Data Plate – A corrosion resistant metal identification
plate that is permanently attached to the tank container and readily accessible for inspection.
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CSC Plates• CSC Plate
– A corrosion resistant metal plate (not less than 200 mm x 100 mm) permanently attached to frame, indicating type, approval number, basic structural data, allowable stacking and racking values, the owner’s structural examination scheme-number and future inspection date (CSC Convention).
Emergency Response Solutions
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Manufacturer’s Data Plate
• Manufacturer• Country of manufacture• Date of manufacture (mm-yy)• ISO tank serial number (XXXX
######-#)
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Manufacturer’s Data Plate
• Maximum allowable working pressure (psig/bar)
• Test pressure (psig/bar)• Tank material• Tank lining (yes or no)
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Manufacturer’s Data Plate
• Heating coils (yes or no)• Actual shell thickness (in / mm)• Mild steel equivalent shell
thickness (in / mm)• Mild steel equivalent head
thickness (in / mm)
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Manufacturer’s Data Plate
• Corrosion allowance (in / mm)• Maximum gross weight (lbs/kg)• Tare weight (lbs/kg)• Total liquid capacity (gal/l)• Measured water capacity (gal/l)
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Manufacturer’s Data Plate• IMO specification• US DOT specification• Certifying agency• Periodic inspection dates
– 2.5 year test– 5 year test
• Approved Continuous Examination Program (ACEP) Reference Number
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Emergency Response Solutions
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Convention for Safe Containers
Approved Continuous Examination Program -ACEP
Country code where the approval for the ACEP was granted
Year when the approval for the ACEP was granted (this is not an expiration date)
ACEP registration number
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Name of Material
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Markings• Identification system
– Owner code– Equipment category identifier– Serial number– Check digit
• Size and type codes• Operational marks• Approvals
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European RailwaySystem Approval Decal
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Container Number
AmericanRail
CanadianRail
PressureEuropean Road / RailFrench
Rail
Container Markings
Check Digit
Container Type
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Marine PollutantName
SpecialMarkings
European Guide (60 is Toxic or slightly toxic)UN Number
Container Markings
Emergency Response Solutions
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End Marking Examples
Can you spot the error?
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ElevatedTemperature
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Common Size CodesCodeLength Height20 20 ft 8 ft22 20 ft 8 ft 6 in24 20 ft >8 ft 6 in
MAWP Codes - Bar (psi)Non-dangerous liquids70 0.45 (6.5)71 1.5 (21.8)72 2.65 (38.4)Dangerous liquids73 1.5 (21.8)74 2.65 (38.4)75 4.0 (58.0)76 6.0 (87.0)Dangerous gases77 10.5 (152.3)78 22.0 (319.1)79 spare
Country Codes
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New Markings MAWP Codes - Bar (psi)Non-dangerous liquidsT0 0.45 (6.5)T1 1.5 (21.8)T2 2.65 (38.4)Dangerous liquidsT3 1.5 (21.8)T4 2.65 (38.4)T5 4.0 (58.0)T6 6.0 (87.0)Dangerous gasesT7 10.5 (152.3)T8 22.0 (319.1)T9 spare
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New Containers
Domestic and International
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Emergency Response Solutions
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Liquefied Compressed Gases• Specification 51, DOT 51, IMO Type
5• Currently are T-50 Containers
– When portable tank instruction T50 is referenced in Column (7) of the 49CFR 172.101 Table, the applicable liquefied compressed gases are authorized to be transported in portable tanks in accordance with the requirements of 49CFR 173.313.
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Refrigerated Liquefied Gases• IMO Type 7• Currently are T-75 containers
– When portable tank instruction T75 is referenced in Column (7) of the 49CFR 172.101 Table, the applicable refrigerated liquefied gases are authorized to be transported in portable tanks in accordance with the requirements of 49CFR 178.277.
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Formerly Non-dangerous Liquids
• Formerly Type 2 or IM 102 with the following codes– 70 or T0 0.45 bar (6.5
psi)
– 71 or T1 1.5 bar (21.8 psi)
– 72 or T2 2.65 bar (38.4 psi)
• Are currently
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Formerly Dangerous liquids• Formerly Type 1 or IMO
1 with the following codes
• 73 or T3 1.5 bar (21.8 psi)
• 74 or T4 2.65 bar (38.4 psi)
• 75 or T5 4.0 bar (58.0 psi)
• 76 or T6 6.0 bar (87.0 psi)– Notice old T3 or T4 do not
fit here at all
• Are currently
T6 4T7 4T8 4T9 4T10 4
T11 6T12 6T13 6T14 6
Emergency Response Solutions
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Formerly Dangerous Gases
• Formerly Type 5 / DOT Spec 51
• 77 or T7 10.5 bar (152.3 psi)
• 78 or T8 22.0 bar (319.1 psi)
• 79 or T9 spare
• Are currently
T15 10T16 10
T17 10
T18 10T19 10T20 10T21 10T22 10
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Intermodal Tanks
Features
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Types of ISO Containers• IMO
– Type 1– Type 2– Type 5– Type 7
• DOT– IM 101– IM 102– DOT 51– New T1-T22– T50– T75
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Drain Tubes
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Drain Tubes – Internal to Jacket
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Document Holder
Emergency Response Solutions
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Intermodal Tank Containers
• Highway• Rail• Ship• Air
• Liquids• Solids• Gases• Cryogenics
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Definitions• Orientation
– Different parts of the Tank Container are first identified from the overall general perspective usually indicating the location as may apply to a rectangular box (left, front, etc...). Once a plane is identified, then the next focus indicates a more precise location (top, bottom, etc...). Finally the exact defined item is called out.
– Example: Bottom Front Right Diagonal.
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Front / Rear• Front
– The end opposite the bottom discharge. If the tank container is top discharge only, the opposite end from the top discharge is the front.
• Rear– The end where the bottom discharge is
located. If the tank container is top discharge only, the end closest to the top discharge is the rear.
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Left / Right• As the observer faces the rear of the
tank container, the left side is on the observer’s left, and the right side is on the observer’s right.
– Note: When the observer is facing the front of the tank container, this logic does not apply.
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Many Styles Of Frames
Emergency Response Solutions
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Collar Frame
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Beam frame -tank part of frame
Box frame - tank not part of frame
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Heating Units
• Viscous materials• Electrical or steam• Electrical used during
transportation (internal or external)
• 200-240 or 340-480 volts
Emergency Response Solutions
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Heating Coils
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External generator
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Emergency Shutoffs
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Linings
• Typical rubber, glass, plastic
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Refrigeration Units
• Usually not provided with self contained power
• Relies on external power source• Depends on type of transportation
for power
Emergency Response Solutions
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Materials Of Construction
• 90% are stainless steel• Aluminum and steel• Lined
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Corner Castings
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Containers can be horizontally connected with lashing bridge fittings
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Low Pressure Tanks
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IM102IMO2 Type 2
Emergency Response Solutions
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IM 102 / IMO Type 2
• Design pressure– 14.5 psi (1 bar) to 25.4 psi (1.75 bar)
• Capacities– 5000-6300 gallons
• Products– Non regulated material, food, alcohols,
whiskey, low hazard materials
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Type 2 Container
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Emergency Response Solutions
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IM101IMO Type 1
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IM 101 / IMO Type 1
• Design pressure– 25.4 psi (1.75 bar) to 100 psi (6.8 bar)
• Capacities– 2400-7000 gallons (25,500 liters)
• Products– Solvents, flammable liquids, toxic
materials, corrosives
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Insulated Container
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Non-insulated Container
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2 Compartment
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Emergency Response Solutions
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Emergency Response Solutions
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End View
Certificationplates
Valve box
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Certificationplates
OverheadElectrical
SafetySymbols
Mail box
Unloading valve
Emergency Response Solutions
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10 Foot Container
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Different Style Bottom Outlet Valves Found on IM 101 Containers
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Reliefdeviceswithfrangibledisks andtelltale
Swing bolt manway
Emergency Response Solutions
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IM 101 Top Manway Box
Don’t step on me
Rupture disc
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Spec 51, DOT 51IMO Type 5, T50
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DOT 51 / IMO Type 5• Design pressure
– 100 psi (6.9 bar) to 500 psi (34.5 bar)• Capacities
– Up to 5500 gallons (21,000 liters)• Products
– Liquefied gases (anhydrous ammonia, methyl amines, ethylene oxide) and high toxicity materials
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T50• 20 foot container
– 4500-6400 gallons• 40 foot beam container
– 10,600 gallons• Specialized containers as small as
50 gallons (pyrophoric liquids)• Shell thickness 0.772 (19.6 mm)• MAWP – 261-493 (18-34 bar)
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Typical Gas Container
Valve box
BoltedManway
Pressure reliefSun Shield
Emergency Response Solutions
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Typical DOT 51
Sun Shield
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DOT 51 Container
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DOT 51 Valve Box
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DOT 51 Rear View
Valve BoxProductName
StuddedBoss
Manway
ContainerNumber
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Emergency Response Solutions
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DOT 51 and IMO 1Dual Spec Container for
Domestic and International Shipping
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IMO Type 7
Emergency Response Solutions
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Type 7 or T75
• Big thermos bottle• Vacuum jacketed and thermal
insulation• Have a “One Way” holding time• Designed for specific cryogenic
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T75• 20 or 40 foot long• 2000-14,300 gallons(8000-5400L)• MAWP 150, 250, 320 psig• Complex fittings• Designed to vent• On ship vent valves closed• Stored on deck only• Usually stern of the vessel
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T75
• May also have– Controls for filling– Internal coils to raise temperature for
unloading– Flow gauges– Vacuum connection / gauges
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Type 7 - Cryogenic
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Emergency Response Solutions
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Evaporator
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Multiple Element Gas Containers (MEGCs)
Tube Intermodals
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Tube Trailers
• Multiple individual tanks• One product• Products
– Compressed or liquefied gases –helium, hydrogen, oxygen, anhydrous hydrochloric acid
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Tube Trailers
• Multi - tube configuration, these transport bulk non liquefied compressed gases
• Pressures up to 5000 psi• 20 or 40 foot
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Tube Intermodal
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Emergency Response Solutions
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Bad Day
• Korea• AHF• No PPE• Loading hose disconnected?• 5 fatalities• 3000 plus treated
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