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DRAFT PROPOSAL FOR AN AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL PROGRAMME
DRAFT National Air Pollution Control Programme Annex, 2019, Croatia
Courtesy translation in English provided by the Translation Services of the
European Commission
ZAGREB, 2019
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CONTENT
1. UVOD ................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1. ZAKONSKI OKVIR ZA IZRADU PROGRAMA KONTROLE ONEČIŠĆENJA
ZRAKA ....................................................................................................................................... 10
1.2. SVRHA I CILJ PROGRAMA .................................................................................................... 12
1.3. RASPOLOŽIVI IZVORI PODATAKA ..................................................................................... 14
2. NACIONALNI OKVIR POLITIKA ZA PODRUČJE KVALITETE ZRAKA I
ONEČIŠĆENJA ZRAKA ................................................................................................................ 16
2.1. KRATKI OSVRT NA PREGLED STANJA U ODNOSU NA VAŽEĆI PROGRAM . 16
2.2. PRIORITETNE POLITIKE I NJIHOV ODNOS S PRIORITETIMA UTVRĐENIMA
U DRUGIM RELEVANTNIM PODRUČJIMA ........................................................................ 17
2.2.1. KOHERENTNOST INVENTARA I PROJEKCIJA .................................................................. 32
2.2.2. KOHERENTNOST S PLANOVIMA I PROGRAMIMA .......................................................... 38
2.3. NADLEŽNOSTI NACIONALNIH, REGIONALNIH I LOKALNIH TIJELA........................ 49
3. NAPREDAK U SMANJENJU EMISIJA I POBOLJŠANJU KVALITETE ZRAKA
POSTIGNUT POSTOJEĆIM PaM I STUPANJ USKLAĐENOSTI S NACIONALNIM
OBVEZAMA I OBVEZAMA EU .......................................................................................... 60
3.1 NAPREDAK U SMANJENJU EMISIJA POSTIGNUT POSTOJEĆIM PaM TE STUPANJ
USKLAĐENOSTI S NACIONALNIM OBVEZAMA I OBVEZAMA EU ............. 60
3.2 NAPREDAK U POBOLJŠANJU KVALITETE ZRAKA POSTIGNUT
POSTOJEĆIM PaM TE STUPANJ USKLAĐENOSTI S NACIONALNIM OBVEZAMA I
OBVEZAMA EU........................................................................................................................ 67
3.3 SADAŠNJI (TRENUTNI) PREKOGRANIČNI UTJECAJ DOMAĆIH IZVORA EMISIJE ... 82
4. PREDVIĐEN DALJNJI RAZVOJ UZ PRETPOSTAVKU DA NE BUDE IZMJENA
VEĆ DONESENIH PaM ................................................................................................................. 84
4.1 PROJEKCIJE EMISIJA I SMANJENJE EMISIJA (WM SCENARIJ) ..................................... 93
4.1.1 METODOLOGIJA I MODELI TE POLAZNE PRETPOSTAVKE I PARAMETRI
ZA IZRADU PROJEKCIJA (WM SCENARIJ) ........................................................................ 97
4.1.2. ANALIZA OSJETLJIVOSTI PROJEKCIJA ......................................................................... 98
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4.2 PROJEKCIJA POBOLJŠANJA KVALITETE ZRAKA (WM) I PROJEKCIJA STUPNJA
USKLAĐENOSTI (Projekcije broja nesukladnih i sukladnih zona za AAQD onečišćujuće tvari)
................................................................................................................................................ 100
5. RAZMATRANE OPCIJE POLITIKA ZA USKLAĐENJE S OBVEZAMA SMANJENJA
EMISIJE ZA 2020. I 2030., SREDNJA RAZINA EMISIJA ZA 2025.
I KONZULTACIJE S DIONICIMA .......................................................................................... 105
5.1 POJEDINOSTI O OPCIJAMA PaM KOJE SE RAZMATRAJU DA BI SE
OSTVARILO UDOVOLJAVANJE OBVEZAMA SMANJENJA EMISIJA (IZVJEŠĆIVANJE
NA RAZINI PaM-A) (točka 2.6.1) ........................................................................... 105
5.2 UTJECAJ NA KVALITETU ZRAKA I OKOLIŠ POJEDINIH PaM-A ILI PAKETA
PaM-A RAZMATRANIH DA UDOVOLJE OBVEZAMA SMANJENJA EMISIJE (točka
2.6.2) ......................................................................................................................... 116
5.3 PRORAČUN TROŠKA I KORISTI POJEDINIH PaM-A ILI PAKETA PaM-A
RAZMATRANIH DA UDOVOLJE OBVEZAMA SMANJENJA EMISIJE ....................... 116
5.4 DODATNE POJEDINOSTI ZA OPCIJE POLITIKA IZ DODATKA III DIO 2
DIREKTIVE (EU) 2016/2284 KOJE CILJAJU SEKTOR POLJOPRIVREDE ZA
UDOVOLJENJE OBVEZAMA SMANJENJA EMISIJE AMONIJAKA ............... 118
6. KONZULTACIJE S DIONICIMA ............................................................................................. 123
7. MJERE I POLITIKE ODABRANE ZA USVAJANJE PO SEKTORIMA,
UKLJUČUJUĆI RASPORED NJIHOVOG USVAJANJA, PROVEDBE I REVIZIJE I
ODGOVORNA NADLEŽNA TIJELA ............................................................................... 128
7.1 POJEDINI PaM ILI PAKETI PaM-A ODABRANI ZA USVAJANJE I
ODGOVORNA NADLEŽNA TIJELA .................................................................................. 128
7.2 PROCJENA KAKO ODABRANI PaM-ovi OSIGURAVAJU USKLAĐENOST S
PLANOVIMA I PROGRAMIMA POSTAVLJENIM U DRUGIM RELEVANTNIM
PODRUČJIMA POLITIKE ...................................................................................... 131
8. PROJEKCIJE KOMBINIRANIH UTJECAJA PaM-A ("S DODATNIM
MJERAMA" - WAM) NA SMANJENJE EMISIJA, KVALITETU ZRAKA I OKOLIŠ I
POVEZANE NESIGURNOSTI ........................................................................................... 132
8.1 PREDVIĐENO POSTIZANJE OBVEZA SMANJENJA EMISIJA ...................................... 132
8.2 NELINEARNA PUTANJA RADI SMANJENJA EMISIJA .................................................. 135
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8.3 KORIŠTENJE FLEKSIBILNOSTI .......................................................................................... 138
8.4 PROJEKCIJE POBOLJŠANJA KVALITETE ZRAKA .......................................................... 138
8.5 PROJEKCIJE UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ ................................................................................. 140
8.6 METODOLOGIJE I NESIGURNOSTI WAM OPCIJA PaM................................................. 140
8.7 PRAĆENJE NAPRETKA U PROVEDBI MJERA ZAŠTITE OKOLIŠA I
NACIONALNOG PROGRAMA KONTROLE ONEČIŠĆENJA............................................ 142
9. DISEMINACIJA PROGRAMA KONTROLE ONEČIŠĆENJA ZRAKA .............................. 144
LITERATURA ........................................................................................................................................ 146
PRILOG 1. OPIS TRENUTNO PRIMIJENJENIH I USVOJENIH PaM ....................................... 149
PRILOG 2. POLAZNE PRETPOSTAVKE I PARAMETRI ZA PROJEKCIJE ............................ 167
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LIST OF TABLES
Tablica 1-1: Emisijske kvote za razdoblje do 2020. g. prema članku 5. Uredbe NEC ................................... 11
Tablica 1-2: Tablica 5. iz Priloga I. Uredbe NEC ......................................................................................... 14
Tablica 2-1: Pregled akcijskih planova prema izvješćima u e-reporting sustavu (stavka H) ........................ 39
Tablica 2-2: Pregled mjera iz akcijskih planova prema izvješćima u e-reporting sustavu (stavka K) ........... 40
Tablica 4-1: Pregled usvojenih i primijenjenih PaM čiji je utjecaj integriran u scenarij s postojećim mjerama
(WM scenarij) .................................................................................................................................................. 85
Tablica 4-2: Pregled analize osjetljivosti ....................................................................................................... 99
Tablica 8-1: Pregled analize osjetljivosti ...................................................................................................... 141
Tablica P 2-1: Pretpostavke za projekcije - Energetika i Promet ............................................................... 167
Tablica P 2-2: Pretpostavke za projekcije - Proizvodni procesi i uporaba proizvoda ................................ 169
Tablica P 2-3: Pretpostavke za projekcije - Poljoprivreda ......................................................................... 169
Tablica P 2-4: Pretpostavke za projekcije - Otpad ...................................................................................... 170
Tablica P 2-5: Parametri za projekcije - opći parametri ............................................................................... 170
Tablica P 2-6: Parametri za projekcije - energetika: ukupna potrošnja goriva, proizvodnja električne
energije, scenarij 's mjerama'. ....................................................................................................................... 171
Tablica P 2-7: Parametri za projekcije - energetika:neposredna potrošnja energije ................................ 171
Tablica P 2-8: Parametri za projekcije - klima........................................................................................... 171
Tablica P 2-9: Parametri za projekcije - industrija .................................................................................... 171
Tablica P 2-10: Parametri za projekcije - promet ...................................................................................... 172
Tablica P 2-11: Parametri za projekcije - poljoprivreda ........................................................................... 172
Tablica P 2-12: Parametri za projekcije - Otpad ....................................................................................... 173
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LIST OF FIGURES
Slika 4-1: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija SO2 za WM scenarij ........................................................... 95
Slika 4-2: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NOX za WM scenarij ......................................................... 95
Slika 4-3: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NH3 za WM scenarij .......................................................... 96
Slika 4-4: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NMHOS za WM scenarij ................................................... 96
Slika 4-5: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija PM25 za WMscenarij .......................................................... 97
Slika 4-6: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija PM10 za WMscenarij .......................................................... 97
Slika 4-7: Analiza osjetljivosti emisija u odnosu na WMscenarij ............................................................... 99
Slika 8-1: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija SO2 za WM i WAM scenarij ............................................ 132
Slika 8-2: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NOx za WM i WAM scenarij .......................................... 133
Slika 8-3: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NH3 za WM i WAM scenarij ........................................... 133
Slika 8-4: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NMHOS za WM i WAM scenarij ................................... 134
Slika 8-5: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija PM25 za WM i WAM scenarij .......................................... 134
Slika 8-6: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija PM10 za WM i WAM scenarij .......................................... 135
Slika 8-7: Analiza osjetljivosti emisija u odnosu na WAMscenarij ........................................................ 141
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
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GDP Gross domestic product Gross domestic product
CLRTAP
Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution
Convention on Long Range Transunary
Air Pollution
CRF Summary table of the emissions calculation
pursuant to the UNFCCC Common Reporting Forat (UNFCCC)
CV Target values
DDT Dichloro-Diphenyl-chloroethane (Dichloro-diphenyl trirettan)
DHA State Meteorological and Service of Meteorological
EEA European Environment Agency European Environmental Agency
EIONET European Information and Observation Network
European Environment Information and
Observation Network
EMEP
Protocol on the long-term financing of the Programme for the monitoring and
assessment of the cross-border transfer of air pollutants at long distances in Europe
‘Protocol on The Long-Term Financing
of the Cooperative Programme for
Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long
Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in
Europe’
ESD Decision 406/2009/EC concerning effort sharing
Effort Sharing Decision 406/2009/EC
EU The European Union
EU ETS European Emissions Trading System
EU Emission Trading System
FZOEU Environmental Protection and Energy
Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of
Science and Arts
Environmental Protection and Energy
Efficiency Fund
GP Gothenburg Protocol Gothenburg protocol
GT Tolerance limit
GV Limit values
H 2 S Hydrogen sulfide
AOP Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (by 31.122018 — as of 1.1.2019
took over the Agency’s tasks)
NECP Emission ceilings for specific atmospheric
pollutants National emission Cell
NFR
Format for reporting of pollutant emissions under the LRTAP Convention Nomenclature for Reporting (according
to LRTAP Convention)
IIA Report on pollutant emissions (in addition to
CCS
Convention)
Information Inventory Report (according to LRTAP Convention)
IPCC The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change
JLS Municipality
LULUCF Land use, land-use change and forestry Land use, land use change and forestry
NH3 Ammonia Ammonia
NMVOC Non-methane volatile organic compounds
NO 2 Nitrogen dioxide
ABOUT 3 Ozone
P/A Annex
PAM Policies and measures Policy and Measures
PB Lead
PM 2,5 Particle aerodynamic diameter of 2,5 gm
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Note: The Act amending the Act on the Organisation and Competences of Ministries and Other Central State
Administration Bodies (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 116/18) and the
Act amending the Environmental Protection Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of
Croatia) No) has been repealed by the Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine
(NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 118/18). the Croatian Agency for the Environment and
Nature (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No) has been abolished by the
Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of
Croatia) No). the Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of
the Republic of Croatia) No) and the Act amending the Environmental Protection Act (Narodne Novine (NN;
official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No) has been abolished by the Croatian Agency for the
Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No). the
Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of
Croatia) No) has been abolished by the Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine
(NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No)
PM 10 Air sphere with an aerodynamic diameter of
less than 10 um
TAD average exposure indicator ‘Average exposure indicator’ (AEI)
LRUS Regional local government
SEAP Energy Sustainable Development Action Plan
Sustainable Energy Action Plan
SIF EU Structural and investment funds European Union
SO 2 Sulphur dioxide
TERT technical expert audit team function review team
UN/ECE United Nations framework Convention on climate change
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UTT Total settling substance Suspended Particles
Zn Zinc
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1INTRODUCTION
In order to fulfil the air pollutant emission reduction commitments for sulphur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen oxides
(NO.), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH 3) and fine particulate matter (PM
2,5) for the period from 2020 to 2029 and from 2030 onwards, contributing to the achievement of
anthropogenic emissions of certain air pollutants, in order to advance air quality levels that do not give rise to
significant negative impacts on and risks to human health and the environment, the Programme for the control
of air pollution has been developed in accordance with Article 20. Regulations on national obligations to
reduce the emissions of certain air pollutants in the Republic of Croatia (Narodne Novine (NN; official
Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 76/18) (hereinafter the Regulation) and the Guidelines for the
elaboration and implementation of the national air pollution control programmes of Member States by the
European Commission.
The available sources of information listed in Chapter 1.3 have been used to prepare the Air Pollution Control
Programme. The structure of the document is combined, and the European Commission is combined to
develop and implement national air pollution control programmes (hereinafter: formate).The format of the
Programme is defined by the Implementing Decision for determining the format of the national air
pollution control programme 1 (hereinafter PKOZ Implementing Decision), adopted by the European
Commission pursuant to Article 6.(10) Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants,
amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC (hereafter NEC Directive).In
accordance with Article 2Implementing Decisions PENZ, Member States, shall use the common formats to be
used when reporting the national air pollution control programme to the Commission in accordance with
Article 10(1).NEC of the Directive.
The Air Pollution Control Programme contains more information to better understand the issue and
performance of the contractual obligations and does not follow the format in the numbering of content
chapters. The format tables are part of the substantive chapters of the Programme for the Control of Air
Pollution Control (Chapter 1.4), and their original number, each of which is included in the chapter of the
mandatory format for ease of reference for the reader. In the light of the foregoing, the numbering of the
relevant chapter shall also appear at the beginning of each chapter. It should be pointed out that not all format
tables are mandatory and, arbitrarily, can fill them out of the table if the data available to them are available.
The mandatory fields are in the format shown in bold (bold) and indicated by the code ( M12).
The air pollution control programme shall comprise: an overview of the national policy framework and
measures in the area of air quality and air pollution, the review of progress in reducing emissions and the
improvement of air quality achieved through existing policies and measures (hereinafter PAM) and the degree
of alignment with European Union commitments (hereinafter PAM) and the degree of alignment with
European Union commitments (hereinafter PAM) and the degree of alignment with European Union
commitments (hereinafter PAM) and the degree of alignment with European Union commitments (hereinafter
PAM) and the degree of alignment with European Union commitments (hereafter PAM) as well as the degree
of alignment with PAM already adopted, possible policy options to comply with the 2020, 2030 reduction and
reduction commitments already adopted, stakeholder consultations with the public and key sector
stakeholders, selection of PAM for adoption by sector, including a timetable for their adoption,
implementation, audit and responsible authorities, projections of the combined effect of PAM on emission
reductions, air quality and the environment and associated uncertainties, and the financial resources and
timeframe required to implement PAM.
The introductory phrase below provides a summary of the legal framework for drawing up the air pollution
control programme, the purpose and objective of the scheme and the available sources of information to be
taken into account in the preparation.
Commission1 Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1522 of 11 October 2018 establishing a common format of national air pollution
control programmes in accordance with NEC Directive 2 abbreviationMission (s) required
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1.1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE DESIGN OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
PROGRAMMES
The legal basis for drawing up the Air Pollution Control Programme (hereinafter: the Programme) is the
Environmental Protection Act (NN Nos 80/13, 153/13, 78/15 and 12/18), the Air Protection Act (NN Nos
130/11, 47/14 and 61/17) and the NEC Regulation.
The Republic of Croatia is party to a number of international agreements, conventions and protocols,
including those concerning atmospheric pollution.
The 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (the LRTAP Convention) is a framework
agreement which obliges States to combat air pollution. The protocols are key assets/legal instruments for
reducing air pollution. To date, the LRTAP Convention follows up to 8 protocols which provide concrete
measures to reduce air pollution, namely the individual pollutants — sulphur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen oxides
(NO x), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals (TM) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
These obligations have also been adopted by Croatia as a Party to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of
Croatia) No 12/93) and of the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone (‘the
Gothenburg Protocol’) (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) — International
Treaties, No 07/08).A BCP shall promote an approach that takes into account the multiple effects of
individual pollutants, in order to prevent or minimise exceedance of critical loads from acidification, nutrient
nitrogen loads and critical levels of ground-level ozone for human health and vegetation. To this end, the
Protocol outlines national emission allocations that each Party must maintain below the defined value by 2010
and in the years thereafter, for the following pollutants: SO 2, NOx, NH 3 and VOC.In EU legislation and then
into national law, the Protocol has been largely transposed by Directive 2001/80/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on large combustion plants and Directive 2001/81/EC of
the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain
atmospheric pollutants (the old NEC Directive).
Considering that the amendments to the Protocol relating to new emission reduction commitments have been
adopted including in addition to the abovementioned pollutants and fine particulate matter (PM 2,5).Existing
air policy has been enhanced at the EU level with the aim of achieving levels of air quality that do not give
rise to significant negative impacts on, and risks to, human health and the environment, and the Directive was
adopted.
The new NEC Directive provides new reduction commitments for certain pollutants in VOC, NH 3, SO 2, PM
2,5 and NOx for the periods from 2020 to 2029 and after 2030 at a certain percentage (%) reduction compared
to 2005 as the base year in which the fulfilment of obligations is monitored. It is also required that 2025
shows a linear reduction in emissions with specific exemptions. New NEC’s Directive was also subject to
obligations proposed in complemented and amended Protocol that were defined to reach in 2010 and in the
subsequent years. It was mentioned in Article 5 by NEC, while the defined emission allocations for the period
up to 2020 have been shown in the teaching table 1-1.
The Republic of Croatia is also a Party of the following protocols to the LRTAP Convention: The Protocol
regarding the joint monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transboundary movement of pollutants in
Table 1-1: Emission ceilings for the period up to 2020 pursuant to Article 5NEC Regulation Pollutant Emission allocation
for 2010 and subsequent years Sulphur dioxide (SO 2) 70 kt nitrogen oxides (NOx) 87 kt non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) 90 kt Ammonia (NH 3) 30 kt
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Europe (NN No 12/93), the Protocol relating to the further reduction of sulphur emissions in 1998 (Narodne
Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) — International Treaties, No 05/07 and 3/99), the
Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia)
No 05/07), the Protocol on the control of emissions of nitrogen oxides or their transboundary fluxes (NN No
10/07), the Protocol on the control of emissions of volatile organic compounds or their transboundary fluxes
to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (NN No 10/07).
The national emission reduction commitments and air emission ceilings are laid down in the NEC Regulation.
The NEC Regulation provides for certain air pollutants that cause adverse effects of acidification,
eutrophication and photochemical pollution, emission allowances and national reduction commitments for a
given period in the Republic of Croatia and the method of calculation of emissions calculations. The
following EU Directives were transposed by NEC in the legal order of the Republic of Croatia:
- Articles 1 and 4Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October
2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants (OJ L 309, 27.112001), as
supplemented by Council Directive 2013/17/EU of 13 May 2013 adapting certain directives in the field
of environment, by reason of the accession of the Republic of Croatia (OJ L 158, 10.62013) and
- NEC Directive.
The core objective of the NEC Regulation is to limit anthropogenic emissions of certain air pollutants, to
make progress in achieving levels of air quality that do not give rise to significant negative impacts on and
risks to human health and the environment.
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1.2. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAMME
Air pollution is a significant environmental risk in particular in areas exposed to elevated concentrations of
PM 10 and PM 2,5, ozone and other pollutants (NH 3, NMVOC, SO 2 and NO x) in air. The pollutants can be
transported over long distances and may affect air quality, human health and quality of life, as well as their
primary source of release, as well as by far from the primary source of discharge. The contribution to
pollution is therefore very different for individual locations and cities, namely they are the largest contribution
of local sources (those directly to receivers, e.g. street transport), and are the contribution of emissions
generated by the level of the city or region or those resulting from the transfer across national borders.
The improvement of air quality requires a coordinated application of PAM at various levels; international
under conventions and protocols, followed by national programmes and roadmaps, at local level with air
quality action plans as well as with other instruments.
In order to improve air quality and to meet the national air pollutants reduction commitments, it is necessary
to develop a first Air Pollution Control Programme and to submit it to the European Commission by 1 April
2019 and every four years thereafter, and, if appropriate, earlier depending on the need for updates in respect
of the fulfilment of obligations. Compliance shall be monitored in the course of the annual review of the
report on emissions of certain pollutants in the Republic of Croatia which are submitted to the European
Commission for the Protection of the Environment.
The European Commission underlines the importance of the National Air Pollution Control Programme
(hereinafter referred to as NPCP) in the Implementing Decision:
- the main steering instrument in accordance with Directive (EU) 2016/2284 and supported by the
Member States to plan national PAM’s required to comply with the national emission reduction
commitments set out in that Directive by 2020 and 2030, shall contribute to the achievement of the air
quality objectives in accordance with Article 1(2) of that Directive, as well as ensuring compliance
with the plans and programmes set out in other relevant policy areas, including climate, energy,
agriculture, industry and transport;
- facilitate medium- and long-term planning, thereby increasing the predictability of stakeholders, while
at the same time supporting the transition of investments towards clean and efficient technologies;
- contribute to the improvement of air quality and the management of air emissions in the Member States
by requesting consultations of competent authorities with responsibilities in the field of air pollution,
quality and management at all levels of the administration prior to the adoption of the programme;
- a contribution should also be made to the successful implementation of air quality plans established in
accordance with Article 23. Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
(CAFE Directive).To this end, Member States should take into account the need to reduce emissions, in
particular nitrogen oxides and fine particles, in zones and agglomerations affected by the excessive
concentrations of air pollutants and/or in those zones and agglomerations that contribute significantly
to air pollution in other zones and agglomerations, including neighbouring countries.
Member States, as set out in Implementing Decision PENZ and according to the European Commission,
should: “Second Report on the State of the Energy Union3 “, wherever possible, develop its national energy
and climate plans, in parallel with their national air pollution control programmes to ensure synergies and
reduce implementation costs, future plans largely rely on similar measures and actions. To this end, and in
accordance with Annex I of the proposal for a Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union of 30
November 20164, which provides a general framework for integrated national energy and climate plans, the
impact of PAM contained in these plans, on emissions of atmospheric pollutants and on air quality should also
be considered.
The NLF Implementing Decision also highlights the importance of a common format which increases
3 COM (2017) 53 final — Second Report on the State of the Energy Union 4 COM (2016) 759 final — Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the
Governance of the Energy Union, amending Directive 94/22/EC, Directive 98/70/EC, Directive 2009/31/EC, Regulation (EC) No 663/2009,
Regulation (EC) No 715/2009, Directive 2009/73/EC, Council DIRECTIVE 2009/119/EC, Directive 2010/31/EU, Directives 2-12/27/EU,
Directive 2013/30/EU and Council Directive (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013
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consistency5 with the EU PAM reporting in the EU climate and energy policy framework. To that end, the
common format is broadly consistent with the relevant reporting obligations under Regulation (EU) No
525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and
reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to
climate change at national and Union level, and repealing Decision 280/2004/EC (hereinafter: Regulation
525/2013)6 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 749/2014 of 30 June 2014 on structure,
format, submission processes and review of information reported by Member States pursuant to Regulation
(EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (hereinafter: Commission Implementing
Regulation (EU) No 749/2014).
The EC has drafted its Report on “The First Clean Air Outlook7 ”, a follow-up analysis which presents an
updated outlook on reducing emissions in the period up to 2030, as well as possible further assistance to
Member States in identifying cost-effective additional PAM in order to meet the emission reduction
commitments up to 2020 and 2030. In ‘The First Clean Air Outlook’ stresses that for the majority of
atmospheric pollutants regulated by NEC of the Directive, the EU exists, or is in the process of adopting a law
on the control of air pollution at source, which would significantly support the achievement of national
emission reduction commitments, but ammonia is also an exception on the EU level; Therefore, additional
national PAM had to be required to achieve the reduction of ammonia reduction.National air pollution control
programmes should therefore also include proportionate measures applying to the agricultural sector.
The purpose of the Programme is to enable the following two objectives to be met:
- Fulfilment of the pollutant emission reduction commitments so 2, NO x, NMVOC, PM 2,5 and NH 3
(table 1-2),
- to contribute to progress in the attainment of levels of air quality that do not give rise to significant
negative impacts on, and risks to, human health and the environment (objective, as referred to in
Article 3(1).The text of the Regulation to NEC).
In accordance with Article 19(7) ofThe NEC Regulation as well as Article 6(5).Both NEC of the Directive
and Appendix I of Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003
which ensures the public’s participation with regard to the drawing up of certain plans and programmes
relating to the environment8, the Ministry (MZOIP) will consult the public on a proposal for a Air Pollution
Control Programme and any relevant amendments, prior to the completion of the same and adoption by the
Croatian Government.
5 coherence 6 Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on a national and Union level relevant to
climate change, OJ L 165, 18.6.2013, p. 13 7 COM (2018) 446 final — First Clean Air Outlook 8 Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the
drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending Council Directive 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC as
regards public participation and access to justice
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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1.3. AVAILABLE DATA SOURCES
The available data sources for drawing up the air pollution control programme, which have been taken into
account (among others), are the following:
- The 2013-2017 Plan to protect the air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in Croatia
- assessment of air quality in the Republic of Croatia based on Air Quality Assessment in the Republic
of Croatia for the period 2011Year 2015 as provided for in Directive 2008/50/EC (DHZ 2017);
- Biennial Report 2013-2015 on compliance with the Plan for Air Protection, Ozone Layer and Climate
Change Mitigation in Croatia for 2013-2017 (HOP);
- Action plans for improving the air quality of Zagreb, Osijek, Sisak, Kutina, Rijeka, Slavonski Brod
- Phasing-out programme for certain pollutants in the Republic of Croatia for the period up to the end
of 2010, with emission projections for the period 2010-2020 (NN No 152/09)
- Reports of data from the environmental pollution register, HAOP;
- A roadmap towards a low-carbon competitive economy by 2050 (COM (2011) 112 final);
- Energy Roadmap 2050(COM (2011) 885/2);
- Framework for climate and energy policies for 2030 (COM (2014) 15 final), Impact Assesment,
Policy summary of UK analysis on EU 2030 targets;
- The seventh national report of the Republic of Croatia to the UNFCCC, 2018;
- Third National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (2014);
- A national renewable energy action plan until 2020;
- the most recent reports on GHG inventory and pollutant emissions in the territory of the Republic of
Croatia (MZOIP);
- the latest reports on greenhouse gas projections and of emissions of certain pollutants into the
Republic of Croatia, MZOIP;
- PAM Report Report;
Table 1-2: Table 5 of Annex I to NEC Regulation Emission reduction commitments of the Republic
of Croatian non-methane volatile organic
compounds (NMVOC 2020 until 2029 and 2030)
The period of base year for monitoring and control
shall be applied to the emissions calculated on the
basis of
E and the EU for sulphur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen oxides (NO x), ), ammonia (NH 3) and fine particulate matter (PM 2,5) for the period
from e.
the emission reduction commitments shall be 2005 and for the road
transport on the road.
Reduction of SO 2 compared to
2005 Decrease of NO x in comparison
with 2005 NMVOC reduction compared with
2005
For any year
from 2020 until
2029
For any year
from 2030 For any year
from 2020 until
2029
For any year
from 2030 For any year
from 2020 until
2029
For any year
from 2030
Republic of Croatia 55 % 83 % 31 % 57 % 34 % 48 %
European Union
59 % 79 % 42 % 63 % 28 % 40 %
Reduction of NH 3 in comparison with 2005 PM 2,5 reduction compared with 2005
For any year
from 2020 until
2029
For any year from 2030 For any year
from 2020 until
2029
For any year from 2030
Republic of Croatia
1 % 25 % 18 % 55 %
European Union
6 % 19 % 22 % 49 %
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- Expert substrates for the development of the Low Carbon Strategy for Croatia for the period up to
2030 with an outlook to 2050, a Green Paper, 2015./2017 (MZOIP);
- The expert basis for drawing up the low-carbon development strategy of the Republic of Croatia for
the period up to 2030, with an outlook to 2050, the White Paper, 2015./2017 (MZOIP);
- Instructions of the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;
- National transitional plan pursuant to Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the
Council on industrial emissions, June 2013;
The basic document used as a basis for drawing up the Programme shall be the technical basis for the air
pollution control programme, 2018.(EKNERG).
The technical basis for the development of the air pollution control programme included an overview of the
national air pollution and air pollution control framework, an overview of the progress in reducing emissions
and improving the air quality achieved by the existing PAM, the degree of alignment of national commitments
with EU commitments, the degree of alignment of national commitments with EU commitments, the review
of the further development projections (projections), the proposals for possible policy options for the
alignment with the 2020 reduction commitments, 2030 and the intermediate 2025 reduction commitments, the
PAM proposal for adoption by sector, including a timetable for their adoption, implementation, audit and
responsible authorities, the projections of the combined effect of PAM on emission reductions, air quality and
environmental quality and associated uncertainties and the financial resources estimate and also as a
timeframe necessary to implement PAM.
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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2NATIONAL AIR POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR AIR QUALITY AND AIR
POLLUTION
2.1. BRIEFING NOTES ON THE STATE OF PLAY ON THE CURRENT PROGRAMME
The Government of the Republic of Croatia is pursuant to Article 5(2).With Regulation (EU) No on emission
quotas for certain pollutants in the Republic of Croatia (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the
Republic of Croatia) No 141/08), the Emission Reduction Programme for certain pollutants in the Republic
of Croatia for the period up to the end of 2010 and the emission projections for the period 2010-2020 ( NN
No 152/09) have been adopted by the Republic of Croatia (NN No): Programme 2010-2020).The
abovementioned Programme 2010-2020 has been adopted on the basis of the Protocol to the 1979
Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone
(Narodne Novine ( NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 4/08), the Protocol on Heavy Metals
of the Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution in 1979 (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the
Republic of Croatia) No 5/07) and the Regulation on emission quotas for certain pollutants in the Republic
of Croatia stipulating certain air pollutants that cause adverse effects of acidification, eutrophication and
photochemical pollution, their emission allocation for a given period in the Republic of Croatia and the
calculation of annual emission budgets.
There have been a number of improvements to EU legislation since 2009 such as the review of the Protocol
to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone to the 1979 Convention on
Transboundary Air Pollution.The Republic of Croatia became a full member of the EU in 2013, bringing
new international commitments. Consequently, the need for the upgrading of the Programme 2010-2020 was
necessary, as was done.
In 2015, a Programme for the gradual reduction of emissions for certain pollutants in the Republic of
Croatia has been prepared in 2020, with projections of emissions up to 2020, 2025 and 2030, the reference
to 2050 (hereinafter the 2010 + 2050 Agenda), the legal basis for its creation was Article 7.Regulations on
emission quotas for certain air pollutants in the Republic of Croatia.Programme 2010/2020/2050 sets out
the emission projections of the pollutants SO 2, NOx, NH 3, NMVOC, PM 10, PM 2,5 and CH 4 for 2020, 2025,
2030 with a view to the year 2050. Projections were prepared according to EMEP/EEA manual 2013. Activity
levels in 2012 derive from the official national data set for all sectors: Report on the budget for emissions of
pollutants into the air in the Republic of Croatia 2015(1990.2013) (IIR 2015).
The sources of activity data, the baseline parameters and the assumptions for making the projections of
pollutants are identical to those used for the GHG projections. Projections are ready for a scenario of measures
(WM) and for a scenario with additional measures (WAM) according to which two scenarios were considered
and a scenario of the gradual transition to a low-carbon economy (MIP 1) and a scenario of a strong transition
to a low-carbon economy (N2).
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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2.2. PRIORITY POLICIES AND THEIR RELATION TO PRIORITIES SET IN OTHER
RELEVANT AREAS
This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.3.‘The national quality and surplus policy framework’, Format of the national air pollution control programmes.
The national emission reduction commitments and air emission ceilings are laid down in the NEC Regulation.
The NEC Regulation provides for national reduction commitments for a given period in Croatia and the
methodology for calculating emissions for certain air pollutants that cause adverse effects of acidification,
eutrophication and photochemical pollution, their emission allocations, i.e. NEC’s core objective of limiting
anthropogenic emissions of certain air pollutants in order to make progress in achieving levels of air quality
that do not give rise to significant negative impacts on and risks to human health and the environment.
NEC Regulation also contributes to further:
- air quality objectives laid down in the positive national regulation regulating levels of air pollutants
and progress towards the EU’s long-term air quality objective, in line with the air quality guidelines
published by the World Health Organisation,
- the EU’s biodiversity and ecosystem objectives in line with the 7th Environmental Action
Programme; and
- strengthening the synergies between the EU’s air quality policies and other relevant EU policies, in
particular climate and energy policies.
Total national emission allocations valid until 2020 listed in Table 1-1 are:
- Sulphur dioxide (SO 2): 70 kt
- nitrogen oxides (NOx): 87 kt
- non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC): 90 kt
- Ammonia (NH 3): 30 kt
These obligations have also been adopted by Croatia as a Party to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of
Croatia) No 12/93) and of the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone (NN)
(Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 07/08).
The emission reduction commitments of the Republic of Croatia and the EU for certain pollutants sulphur
dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH 3)
and fine particulate matter (PM 2, 5) for the period 2020-2029 and from 2030 onwards are given in Table 1-2
as part of a teaching table that is required in the format 2.3.1. Priority policies and their links with the
priorities set in other relevant policy areas (M).
A base year for monitoring and controlling the compliance with the emission reduction commitments shall be
2005 years, and for road transport, the emissions calculated on the basis of the fuel sold shall be applied.
Table 2.3.1, which forms part of the PKZ Implementing Decision, gives an outline of the priority policies and
their link with the priorities set in other relevant policy areas.
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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National emission
reduction
commitments
compared to base
year 2005 (in%) (M):
SO2 Calculation NMVOC NH3 PM2,5
2020-2029 (M): 55 % 31 % 34 % 1 % 18 % From 2030 (M): 83 % 57 % 48 % 25 % 55 %
2.3.1 Priority policies and their linkage to priorities set in other relevant areas policy areas (M)
Quality objectives
zraka: nacionalne
priority policy
linked to EU or
national air quality
objectives (incl.
marginal and
target values and
commitments
exposure
concentrations (M):
The National Air Protection Policy was set up by the Air Protection, Ozone Layer, and
Climate Change Mitigation in Croatia for the period 2013-2017 (Narodne novine (NN; official
Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 139/13).
The relevant objectives of the national priority policy related to air quality shall be:
• C1Prevent or progressively reduce air pollution to protect
human health, quality of life and the environment as a whole.
• C2Improving the full air quality management system and
monitoring air quality in Croatia.
For C1 and C2 objectives, a range of measures for monitoring and assessing air quality in the
Republic of Croatia comply with the CAFE Directive requirements (see Chapter 3.2).
Below is a summary of the fulfilment of the obligations of CAFE Directive: - the delimitation of the State has been established between the State in zones and
agglomerations,
- defined locations of measurement positions and monitoring programme in the national
air quality monitoring network (in line with CAFE Directive criteria);
- the annual reports on ambient air quality publish the classification of zones and
agglomerations according to the levels of contamination as regards the protection of
human health and a classification according to contamination levels with regard to
vegetation protection.
Air quality monitoring in Croatia shall be carried out in accordance with Articles 27, 31,
32 and 33. Air Protection Act (NN Nos 130/11, 47/14 and 61/17) (hereinafter: ZZZ) through
the state air quality monitoring network and local networks of cities, counties and the polluter.
In the 2013-2017 period (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia)
Nos), the plan for protecting the air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in Croatia (NN
No 139/13) proposed the following measures to ensure compliance with EU air quality
monitoring and assessment legislation with air quality objectives:
• MPR-2 Adoption of a new regulation on the designation of zones and agglomerations
according to air pollution levels.
• MPR-3 Adoption of a new regulation on location of locations of measurement stations
in the national air quality monitoring network and a list of monitoring sites’
concentration of pollutant concentrations for mutual exchange of information and
reporting
0 assessment and management of air quality.
• MPR-4 Taking a new programme for the measurement of the level of contamination in
the State network for continuous air quality monitoring.
• MPR-5 Air quality monitoring system at stations from the national grid
1 quality assurance of measurement and data
• MOV-1 Making the register of air pollutant emissions required for the air quality
models for ozone pollution, from which MPR-11 produces a register of pollutant
emissions for small and diffuse sources with a spatial distribution to the EMEP of a high
resolution network.
Zones and agglomerations for monitoring air quality
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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The 9 above Regulation expired the Regulation on the designation of areas and agglomerations by air quality category (NN No 68/2008),
which was divided into 7 agglomerations and 6 agglomerations (Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Osijek, Sisak and Kutina).
The Decree on the designation of zones and agglomerations according to air pollution levels in
the Republic of Croatia (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No
1/14) 9 sets out the coverage of zones and 4 agglomerations as shown in the teaching image and
in the tables specifying the designation, the name and the coverage of the zones and
agglomerations:
Following the Air Quality Assessment on the territory of the Republic of Croatia 2006-2010
according to EU Directive 2008/50/EC, the Decree on the designation of zones and
agglomerations according to air pollution levels in the Republic of Croatia (NN No 1/14)
divided into 5 zones and 4 agglomerations for monitoring air quality. Air quality assessment of
the Republic of Croatia should be carried out at least every five years.
An Air Quality Assessment for the territory of Croatia 2011-2015 was prepared in November
2017: (available at:Http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=74786) stating that there is no proposed
change in the spatial scope of the zones and agglomerations.
By validating the existing zoning separation into zones and agglomerations, the new regulation
on the designation of zones and agglomerations shall be considered to be carried out in MPR-2.
List of zones in Croatia
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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Classification of zones and agglomerations by contamination level
CODE ZONES
NAME OF ZONE COVERAGE OF THE ZONE
EN 1 Continental
Croatia
Osijek-Baranja County (excluding the
agglomeration HR OS) Polities-Slavonia
County, Vukovar-Srijem County, the
county of Bjelovar-Bilogora County of the
Krapina-Zagorje County of Krapina-
Zagorje County Varaždin County Zagreb county (with the exception of
agglomeration HR ZG)
EN 2 Industrial zone
Brod-Posavina County of Sisak-
Moslavina County
EN 3 Bast, Gorski Kotar
and Primorje
Lika-Senj County Karlovac County of Primorje-Gorski
Kotar County (with the exception of
agglomeration HR I)
EN 4 Istria Istria County
EN 5 Dalmatia
Zadar County Šibenik-Knin County of Split-Dalmatia
County (with the exception of
agglomeration HR ST), Dubrovnik-
Neretva County,
List of agglomerations in the Republic of Croatia
CODE AGGLOMERATION
NAME AGGLOMERATION
COVERAGE AGGLOMERATION
HR ZG Zagreb
Town of Zagreb, City of Dugo
Selo Village, City of Samobor, City
of Saint Nedjelja, Velika
Gorica, City of Zaprešić
HR AXIS Osijek City of Osijek
RI River
City of Rijeka, Town of Bakar,
City of Qatar, City Kraljevica, Town of Opatija,
Municipality of Viškovo,
municipality of stone,
municipality of stone; Municipality of Kosanna,
Municipality of Klana,
Municipality of Matulji,
Municipality of Loran,
Municipal of Omišalj
HR ST Split
The City of Split, the City of
Kaštela, the Town of Solin, the
City of Klis, the Municipality of
Klis, the Municipality of Poet,
the Municipality of Segi
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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10 of the current Regulation were the Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for the concentrations of individual air pollutants and location of measuring stations in the national air quality monitoring network (NN No 22/14) and the accompanying programme to measure the level of air pollution in the national air quality monitoring network (NN No 103/14; 117/14).
Under the Air Quality Assessment for the period 2006— 2010(DHZ, 2012) was adopted a
regulation on the designation of zones and agglomerations according to air pollution levels in
Croatia with the classification of zones and agglomerations in terms of the levels of
contamination for each pollutant relative to the upper and lower assessment thresholds/long-
term objective with regard to the protection of human health and vegetation protection.
The meaning of abbreviations used in the tables is as follows:
- DPP — lower threshold leaked;
- GPP — upper assessment threshold,
- DC — long-term goal for ground-level ozone
- GV — Limit value
Measurements are mandatory for the evaluation of contamination in zones where levels of
pollution are larger than the upper assessment threshold (> GPP).In areas where pollution levels
are between the upper and lower assessment thresholds (< GPP and > GMP) the measurement
data may be supplemented by modelling data or indicative measurements. In areas where
pollution level < DPP levels are used an objective estimation technique may also be used.
Location and measurement programme in the national air quality monitoring network
The sites and the programme for measurement in the national air quality monitoring network are
laid down in the Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for the concentrations of
individual air pollutants and the location of measuring stations in the national network for
continuously monitoring air quality (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of
Croatia) No 65/16) and the Programme for the measurement of air pollution on the State
network for continuous air quality monitoring (NN No 73/16) (10).
In the modernisation process, the State network and in some zones 2013.— 2017. the
scale of the measurements extended would be in order to reach the scope required by
the Regulation.
Air quality assessment in the territory of Croatia 2011-2015 _________________________
Classification of zones and agglomerations according to levels of contamination with regard to
the protection of human health
Zone code
and agglomeration
Level of air pollution per pollutant with regard to the protection of human
health
SO2 NO2 PM10 Benzene, benzo
(a)
pyrene
PB, As, CD, Ni
CO O3 Hg
HR ZG < GMP > GPP > GPP < GPP < GMP < GMP > DC < V
HR AXIS < GMP < GPP > GPP J< GPP < GMP < GMP > DC < V RI > GPP < GPP > GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V
HR ST > GPP > GPP < GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V
EN 1 < GPP < GMP < GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V
EN 2 < GPP < GMP < GPP < GPP < GMP < GMP > DC < V
EN 3 < GMP < GPP < GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V EN 4 < GMP < GMP < GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V
EN 5 < GMP < GMP < GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V
Classification of zones and agglomerations by contamination level in
relation to vegetation protection
Code zones
Level of contamination of air by pollutants with regard to
vegetation protection
SO2 Calculation AOT40 parameter EN 1 < GMP < GPP > DC EN 2 < GPP < GPP > DC EN 3 < GMP < GPP > DC EN 4 < GMP < GPP > DC EN 5 < GMP < GPP > DC
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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In 2017, a new air quality assessment was prepared to suggest a higher number of
measuring instruments.
sites and extension of the measurement programme to the national continuous quality
monitoring network
air.
The conclusions of the Air Quality Assessment in the territory of Croatia 2011-2015 are summarised below, DH, November 2017:
SO 2
- Air quality criteria for the protection of human health and safety of vegetation fulfilled
in all zones and agglomerations
- Upper assessment threshold with regard to the protection of human health exceeded in
HR02
- Upper assessment threshold, with regard to the protection of the vegetation exceeded in all
zones
NO 2
- The limit on average annual concentration is exceeded at the post of Zagreb — 1 and
that station should continue to measure nitrogen dioxide
- All zones are below the upper assessment threshold of the protection of vegetation.
- The upper assessment threshold given the hourly concentration values exceeded by
the agglomeration of Zagreb (Zagreb 1) and the lower assessment threshold in the
agglomeration of Osijek (Osid-1)
- Upper assessment threshold according to the annual mean concentration exceeded in
the agglomeration of Zagreb (Zagreb 1)
PM 10
- Mean annual limit value exceeded in agglomerations Zagreb and Osijek, and in zone
HR 02 (Sisak-1, Kutiina-1, Slavonski Bro-2)
- Number of days in the light of the mean daily level exceeded in Zagreb and Osijek,
zone HR 02 (Sis-1, Kutiina-1, Slavonski Bro-2) and in 2011 in Section HR 01 (Zoo)
- Exceeded and upper assessment thresholds in zones HR 01 (Comoros) and HR 02
(Kutina, Sisak) and in agglomerations Zagreb, Osijek and Rijeka and the lower
threshold in zone HR 04
PM2,5
- Exceeded limit values and tolerance values for Slavonski Brou-1
- Exceeded level threshold at the station ‘Slavonski Brodo-1’ and lower assessment
threshold in Kopako rif
ABOUT 3
- Ozone ozone target value (120 gg-3) exceeded in zones HR 01, HR 03, HR 04 and
HR 05 and agglomerations Zagreb and Rijeka
- AOT40 parameter exceeded in HR 01, HR 03, HR 04 and HR 05 and agglomerations
Zagreb and Rijeka
C6H6
- To be exceeded the mean annual concentration limit at the station of Sisak-1
- Lower average annual concentration limit exceeded in HR02
H2S
- The permitted number of exceedances of hourly thresholds in Sisak and Slavonski
Brod on the local station Zagreb was exceeded (the conditions under which the quality
of life has been degraded) were exceeded.
- The exceeded permissible number of exceedances in Slavonski Brod and on the local
station Zagreb was exceeded (the conditions under which the quality of life has been
degraded) were exceeded.
NH3
- Allowed number of exceedances per day in Kutina exceeded (degraded conditions of
quality of life) exceeded
B (a) P
- Exceedance of the annual mean concentration at stations Zagreb 1, Zagreb 3,
Slavonski Bro-1 and Sisak-1
- Above assessment threshold was exceeded at stations Zagreb 1 and Sisak-1
PPI — Average exposure indicator compound PM 2, s
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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The average exposure indicator, expressed in pg m — 3 is based on measurements from the urban
background locations in zones and agglomerations in the territory of the country, and used to
check whether the target for a reduction of exposures at national level has been achieved. It
should be estimated as the average of the mean values of the annual concentrations in three
consecutive years at all sampling points determined according to the specific regulation. The
AEI for the reference year 2015 is equal to the median concentrations for 2013, 2014 and 2015
and is 20.6 pg m — 3 and higher than the required exposure level for 2015, which is 20 pg m — 3.
Zones and agglomerations
The evaluation of air quality 2011-2015 proposed to maintain the spatial distribution of zones
and agglomerations in accordance with the Regulation on the designation of zones and
agglomerations according to air pollution levels in the Republic of Croatia, since conditions for
air quality demarcation have not changed.
Minimum number of measurement points for continuous air quality monitoring
One of the criteria for deciding whether to extend the grid to be extended is also an analysis of
the level of contamination in relation to the thresholds for the assessment. A summary of
analysis of contamination levels compared to the thresholds for 2011-2015 is shown for the
pollutants in the tables below.
Evaluation of the level of contamination in relation to human health assessment thresholds for
the period from 2011-2015 at the national monitoring network for permanent monitoring of air
quality in current zones and agglomerations (in non-measurement zones, model results are
used).
Pollution level Display Evaluation data
Below the lower assessment limit modelling, indicative measurements
Between the lower and upper assessment limits
measurement and modelling Above the upper assessment limit and above the long-term
target for ozone
measurement
coverage below 75 %
measurement measurements are not carried out, the model results are not
applicable
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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Evaluation of pollution level in accordance with the assessment thresholds for human health in
the period from 2011-2015 at the measurement points on national permanent air quality
monitoring sites and agglomerations in terms of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and
polycyclic hydrocarbons in ambient air.
Assessment of the level of contamination by critical levels for vegetation during the period
from 2011 in 2015 at the measuring points in the national permanent air quality monitoring
network according to the applicable zones. The critical levels for vegetation shall not apply to
the areas of agglomeration (in the zones without measuring the results of the model).
The assessment identified the need to increase the measurement volumes in the national air
quality monitoring network.
In HR 01 there is no single measurement point for PM 2,5 and one PM 10 seat because the upper
assessment limit (GGP) has been exceeded. While this non-compliance appeared only in 2015,
the number of measuring sites must be increased to meet the criteria of Annex V to Directive
2008/50/EC.Here, it should be noted that in this zone for the period 2006: In 2010, the GGP
was not exceeded and it appeared as a new commitment for the period 2016.— 2020.
In an agglomeration, HR OS is also lacking a single measuring point (urban background
station) that will be in place during the period 2018.— 2021, through the State network
modernisation project.
The GGP for benzene has been exceeded in the agglomeration HR ZG, which follows that there
is a need to establish two additional locations for the measurement of benzene in the subsequent
period 2016.— 2020, which will be ensured through the modernisation of the State network.
According to the results of the ozone residue measurement, the criterion of the number of
measuring points is not met. Although there are measurements at the urban background station
in Velika Gorica and at the urban background station in Zagreb 03, the measurement data has
not been satisfactory, so that this problem has to be solved in order to avoid non-compliance.
According to the Regulation on the number of posts, the formal criterion is met (2 units of
measurement) but only one station meets the criterion in question on the coverage criterion. In
addition, the HR ZG is planned to develop another urban background station in 2018.— 2020,
so that this zone is expected to be non-compliant with respect to ground-level ozone in the
future. Furthermore, in the HR zone ZG there is a non-compliance with both benzo (a) pyrene
(BaP).Values exceed the UEL in such a way
Station measuring stations Zone/Agora. Pollutant
As Cd No BaP
ZAGREB 1 HR-WG
ZAGREB 3 HR-WG
ERIP 1 IRI
SISAK-1 EN 02
SLAVONSKI BROD-1 EN 02
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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Climate change
policy objectives
(and energy)
that it is over the period 2018.— 2020 years to be analysed for particulate matter at another
measurement location.
The table gives the presentation of a minimum number of monitoring points for the individual
pollutants required to be set in accordance with the new Assessment of Air Quality:
A measuring point for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the Republic of
Croatia has until now not yet been established but is planned in the framework of the
modernisation of the State network (2018.2021).
With regard to the implementation of the MPR-3 measures and the adoption of a new regulation
on the location of measurement points across the national air quality network for continuous
monitoring of air quality and a list of monitoring sites for the concentration of pollutants for
mutual information exchange and reporting on air quality assessment and management, and
MPR-4 and the adoption of a new programme for the measurement of pollution levels in air
quality monitoring and management and in MPR- and MPR- MPR-2017 monitoring of air
quality monitoring system, as well as MPR-5 measures, the new Regulation and the Programme
were adopted as a precondition for grants from structural phonograms for the implementation of
the project ‘Improving and modernising the state air quality upgrade network — AIRQ’.
In connection with the implementation of the MPR-1 measure, Making the register of air
pollutant emissions required by MPR-11 for the ozone pollution assessment set out below for
MPR- and the creation of a register of pollutant emissions for small and diffuse sources with
spatial distribution to the EP’s high-resolution network, a complete register of pollutant
emissions for small and diffuse sources with a spatial distribution is drawn up in the EP’s high-
resolution network (chapter 6. On a Preventive Action Plan — MPR-11).
The results of the implementation of the action can be found at:Https: //emep.haop.hr/.Results
shall provide a spatial representation of pollutant emissions in the territory of the Republic of
Croatia for the zones in resolution 0,1°x0,1° (long haul) and for agglomerations in resolution
500 m x 500 m (long-lat).The implementation of this measure shall provide for detailed
emission data for air quality modelling on the High Resolution scale.
In the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, Croatia accepted an individual emission
reduction commitment of 5 % and fulfilled its commitment. For the second commitment period,
from 2013 to 2020, the Republic of Croatia accepted a 20 % emission reduction commitment
compared to 1990 levels, but as a joint commitment to reduce the EU under the Doha
amendment [1].
The Republic of Croatia may, according to the allocation of commitments for emission
reductions within the EU, as defined in Decision 406/2009/EC on effort-sharing (hereinafter the
ESD), increase their emissions by 2020 in the ESD sectors by 11 % compared to 2005.
The national policy on climate change set out in Chapter VIII of the Air Protection Act
(Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 130/11, 47/14 and
61/17)Monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions and measures to mitigate and adapt to climate
change.
Zone/ AGI.
Strain BUT; PM to * PM:
CtHi PB CO BC Ot BaP * PAH
PAH Neither
Cd. As,
Hg
TAD COM PM
Hg VOC
MR01 < V! 0/2 6/4 0/2 0/lm 0/M 0/0 Z/l 0/lm 0/1 0/1m 0/0 M/M 0/0 0/0 HR02 2/4 0/1 3/3 2/3 0/2 0/M 0/1 1/2 2/2 O/lm 0/2 0/0 0/1 0/0 0/0 NR0I < V! 0/2 0/2 0/lm 0/lm 0/1 0/0 T 3 0/lm (mm 0/lm 0/0 >/i 0/0 0/0 FOR HRCM. 0/M 0/1 1/2 M/Im 0/lm D/M 0/0 1/2 0/lm 0 X 1 0/lm m/o 0/M 0/0 m/o ROS 0/2 o/l 0/2 0/liti 0/lm 0/1 0/0 2/4 0 < 1 m 0/0 0/lm 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/0 HR ZG 0/2 1/3 4/4 VI 0/2 0/1 1/1 2/2 1/2 0/0 0/2 1/1 0/1 1/1 0/0 HR AXIS 0/2 1/1 2/1 0/1 0/lm 0/2 0/0 0/1 0/1m 0/lm 0/lm 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 EN Rl 0
tonnes 0/1 1/2 0/1 0/lm 0/1 0/0 0/1 0/lm 0/lm 0/im 0/1 0/0 0/0 0/0 HR ST m 1/2 2/2 0/lm m/m 0/M 0/0 1/0 0/lm (>/lm o/lm 0/1 0/0 0/0 0/0 Legend
M and tool * may be replaced by models for modelling IM TRP boma would be carried out by meijoat myrria since it is not in favour of the results of the model into these components * k. 6/4 * Rart * on the number of mandatory stations in an individual gap (6 red) compared to the number of current cut stations in 2 on;
4. the Black I, Ucoftko number of mandatory stations marked with black paint, mean that compliance conditions are met) 1 ‘Ptig V Oretive 2060/50’ TI. FU of the further tsftu Pnlog V
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
26
The mitigation of climate change is achieved by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the
implementation of the Republic of Croatia’s low-carbon development strategy, planning
documents, the gradual limitation of allowances to operators trading in emission units,
measures in all sectors of emissions sources, using the Kyoto Protocol flexibility mechanisms
and other actions contributing to climate change mitigation (Article 74Air Protection
Act).Adaptation to climate change shall be done by implementing adaptation measures in
sectors exposed to the impact of climate change. The objectives and priorities for implementing
climate change adaptation measures are proposed by the Draft Climate Change Adaptation
Strategy with an Action Plan.
Within the framework of climate change policy, they have been developed:
- Draft low-carbon development strategy for Croatia, preparing for a period up to 2030,
with a view to 2050, the White Paper, May 2017.(MZOIP),
- Draft Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change in the Republic of Croatia until 2040,
with an outlook to 2070, the White Paper, September 2017.(MZOIP).
For these draft strategies, a public consultation was carried out including a strategic
environmental assessment and an ecological network.
The objectives proposed in the draft Low Carbon Development Strategy are as follows:
- achieving sustainable knowledge based development and a competitive low-carbon and
resource-efficient economy. Boosting employment in the growing economic sectors and
the “green” economy, fostering regional and rural development, fostering innovation
and technological development, boosting education, lifelong learning and specialisation
in low-carbon economy, contributing to social inclusion;
- increasing the security of energy supply, sustainability of energy supply, increasing
energy availability and reducing energy dependence;
- solidarity, through Croatia’s obligations under international agreements under EU
policy, as part of our historical responsibility and contributing to the global goals;
- reduction of air pollution and impact on health.
The objectives proposed in the Blueprint of the Adaptation Strategy are as follows:
- reducing the vulnerability of social and natural systems to the adverse impacts of
climate change or enhancing their resilience and recovery capacity from these impacts
(long-term objective);
- bring together all relevant institutional, political, economic and social stakeholders with
the aim of creating enough strong support for the implementation of joint actions on the
realisation of adaptation measures;
- the integration of the adaptation process, including the implementation of measures, in
existing and new policies, programmes, plans and other activities carried out at all
management levels;
- to raise awareness of the importance of climate change and the indispensable launch of
adaptation processes in all social segments, both of which are the main beneficiaries of
the positive effects of the adaptation process.
The Plan for protecting the air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in Croatia for the
period 2013-2017 set out the general objective of national policy on climate change: C4Reduce
and limit greenhouse gas emissions and substances that deplete the ozone layer, and to maintain
excellent greenhouse gas emissions.
The Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (Narodne Novine (NN; official
Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 130/09) sets targets for renewable energy sources and
energy efficiency. The operational implementation of the targets shall be established through
the action plans for the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency reported by the
European Commission.
The indicative target for limiting the total energy consumption in the Republic of Croatia is
11,15 Mtoe, 7,0 Mtoe for direct energy consumption. For 2030, at EU level a reduction of
emissions by at least 40 % compared to 1990 is at EU level. This will be done by reducing the
emissions in the ETS by 43 % compared to 2005 and in the non-ETS sectors by 30 % compared
to 2005. For the Republic of Croatia, the reduction in emissions in the ESD sectors is -7 %
compared to 2005.
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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Relevant policy
objectives in other
areas including
agriculture, industry
and transport (M):
Relevant agricultural policy objectives
Croatia’s rural development programme for the period from 20142020 is the basic document
for implementing the rural development policy and contains all rural development support
programmes and measures and defines the relevant agricultural policy objectives. Another valid
document aligned with national objectives is the EU’s National Action Plan on Achieving
Sustainable Use of Pesticides in 2013.— 2023
The rural development programme defines 18 measures with the aim of increasing the
competitiveness of Croatia’s agriculture and improving living and working conditions in rural
areas. The measures were further divided into sub-measures and sub-measures targeting operations
aimed at achieving well-defined objectives.
The overriding general objectives of operations of the Rural Development Programme are relevant
to the question of air pollution control and indirect impact on the reduction of pollutant emissions
generated by agricultural practices can be summarised as follows: • Consultancy and vocational training for cross-compliance, package of measures agriculture,
environment and climate change, organic farming. • Restructuring, modernising and increasing the competitiveness of agricultural holdings through the
focus on investment in organic primary agriculture and the processing of agricultural products
(e.g. investment in the purchase of new agricultural machinery and equipment and commercial
vehicles, investment in the construction and/or fitting-out of animal facilities, closed/protected
spaces, annual and perennial buildings, seed and planting stock, storage and packaging of
products. • Disposal, handling and use of manure in order to minimise the harmful impact on the environment
(e.g. by constructing storage capacity for manure and digestate including equipment for handling
and use of manure and digestate, and investments to improve the efficiency of the use of fertilisers
(machinery and equipment for loading, transporting and applying fertilisers). • Use of renewable energy sources (investments in building construction and/or equipment,
installations for the reception, processing and storage of raw materials, for the treatment,
processing, storage, transport and administration of organic fertilisation features. • Non-productive investments related to the conservation of the environment (e.g. control of soil
erosion (investment in the construction of terraces, increase of rubble walls and hedges), the
construction of new and renovation of existing livestock housing, investment in the construction
and/or fitting-out of new irrigation houses on the farm, and the improvement of existing
agricultural irrigation systems/equipment, and payments linked to agriculture, the environment and
climate change (e.g. tillage and drilling on the slope of a perennial field, crop rotation, the
establishment of field lanes). • Encouraging organic farming through payments for maintaining organic farming practices
and methods. • Support for pilot projects and for the development of new products, processes, processes and
technologies.
The programme singled out activities which, through its application, also have emissions into the
air: • Quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs • Investments in physical assets • Restoring agricultural production potential damaged by natural disasters and catastrophic events
and introduction of appropriate prevention actions • Farm and business development • Basic services and village renewal in rural areas • Investments in forest area development and improvement of viability of forests • Setting up of producer groups and organisations • Agri-environment climate • Organic farming • Payments to areas facing natural or other specific constraints • Cooperation • Risk management • Support for local development under the Leader initiative (CLLD — community-led local
development)
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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Relevant industrial policy objectives
The relevant industrial policy objectives were integrated in the Industrial Strategy of the
Republic of Croatia for the period starting in 2014.— 2020The industrial strategy is any form of
intervention or state policy aimed at improving the business environment, i.e. a change in the
structure of economic activity towards sectors, technologies or tasks, which are expected to
contribute to economic growth or social well-being, but what would be the case if the
intervention would be left out. The strategy has singled out general and other objectives which,
through its application, would have an impact on emissions to air.
General objectives:
• Increase the share of skilled labour in total industrial employment in order to increase
domestic industry productivity
• Increase investment in research and development which is widely recognised so as to
contribute to innovation;
• Increase fixed capital formation to monitor new recruitments and increase capital
equipment and depreciation on existing investments
Other objectives:
• Average annual growth of 2.85 % in the volume of industrial production;
• An additional 85.619 newly recruited employees by the end of 2020, of which at least 30 %
with higher education;
• A 68.9 % labour productivity growth over the period 2014.— 2020
• Increase of exports in the period 2014— 2020 for 30 % and change in the structure of
exports in favour of exports of high value added products
In the Industrial Strategy, the general and other objectives have not directly been set by
environmental targets. The lack of environmental objectives is due to the unavailability of the
environmental management strategy, although it is considered that they will have an impact on
the development of the industry. Indirectly, it is stated that industrial policy departs from the
importance of interactivity between a modern high-tech industry and a growing service sector,
industry and the environment. The legislation developed by Western countries requires industry
to meet high environmental and human health standards in production processes. Such legal
regulation in developed countries imposed additional pressure on industry’s profitability.
Relevant transport policy objectives
The relevant transport policy objectives were presented in the Transport Strategy of the Republic
of Croatia (2017).— 2030).The development of transport infrastructure in Croatia is considered
extremely important for economic and social growth and for international connectivity.
Transport infrastructure is a regional development instrument driven by the exchange of goods
and better accessibility to all economic, health, tourism and other content. When drawing up the
general and specific objectives, the Strategy took account of the already published European
strategies and environmental and climate protection requirements.
The general objectives which, through its implementation, will have a direct and indirect impact
on the air’s emissions and quality are:
• Change the distribution of passenger traffic in favour of public transport (JP) and the forms
of zero emission transport.
• Change the distribution of freight traffic in support of rail and maritime transport and inland
waterway transport.
• Develop the transport system (management, organisation and development of infrastructure
and maintenance) in accordance with the principle of economic viability
• Reducing the impact of the transport system on climate change
• Reducing the impact of the transport system on the environment (environmental
sustainability);
• Improve the safety of the transport system;
• Improve the interoperability of transport systems (rail, rail, road, sea, air and inland
waterway transport);
• Improve the integration of transport modes in Croatia (governance, ITS, VTMIS, P & R,
etc.)
• Further develop the Croatian part of the TEN-T network (basic and comprehensive).
In addition to the general objectives, specific objectives are defined for specific transport sectors:
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
29
____________________________________________________________________________
• Better agreeing traffic management with neighbouring countries (BiH — Ploče, road and rail
links with BiH, Slovenia, Serbia, Italy, Montenegro and Hungary)
• To complement, where relevant, in some parts of Croatia, the development of the tourism
sector as a major economic factor through adequate development of transport, in particular in
support of the CAP and green mobility;
• Improve the availability of remote parts of Croatia (e.g. islands, South Dalmatia,...)
• Develop the potential of the main logistic centres (Port of Rijeka, Port of Split, Ploče port,
Vukovar ports, Osijek ports, Slavonski Brod, node of Zagreb)
• Reinforce the position of Croatia as a logistical hub for the wider region, with particular focus
on Zagreb
• Improve the integration of the transport sector into socio-economic developments in the
region (the concept of functional regions, FR)
• Urban, suburban and regional transport
- Develop the potential of public transport (regional and state) in road transport where other
forms of public transport are not cost-effective
- Increase the competitiveness of the tram system in Zagreb and Osijek
- Integrate the international/national transport system better into local and regional transport
systems (passenger hubs, integrated charging systems, etc.)
- Increase efficiency and reduce the economic impact from governance and public transport
organisation
- Increase the attractiveness of public transport by improving the concepts of governance and
modernisation of the vehicle fleet;
- Traffic management and logistics
- Map/update local/regional master plans (Masters plans)
• Rail transport
- Improve rail freight corridors in the Port of Rijeka to the markets with the highest potential
for the port (Hungary, BiH, Slovakia, Italy, Poland, Serbia)
- Make better use of the Croatian rail system in larger Croatian agglomerations (Zagreb,
Rijeka, Split, Varaždin, Osijek), and within and between functional regions (subregions)
- Improve the level of the railway fleet service and its environmental impact
- To better integrate the rail system into local traffic systems (safety and safety on stations,
connections with other modes of transport, etc.)
- Increase safety at level crossings
- Increase efficiency of the Croatian rail system (traffic management, business, etc.)
- Ensure infrastructure maintenance taking into account aspects of economy.
• Road transport
- Improve road safety
- Better use of the Croatian road system in the context of public transport (buses, local,
regional and national)
- Reduce the environmental impact of the oldest shares of the Croatian network of
motorways
- Optimise and coordinate the different road toll systems in Croatia
- To improve technical requirements in road design with a focus on more cost-effective
technical solutions, safety standards, green mobility and integration of zero-emission
modes of transport
- To increase the road accessibility of areas where the existing infrastructure has reached a
cap of permeability, and alternative modes of transport (public and rail) are not
economically justified (tourist centres in Adriatic Croatia), including the introduction of a
sustainable transport concept in favour of public transport and forms of zero emission
transport.
- Increase links with neighbouring countries to lift cooperation and territorial integration at a
higher level
- Increase the accessibility of the area in Croatia where there is no alternative road
infrastructure (parallel motorways, etc.) to reach the ceiling — from the Zagreb in the
direction of Bjelovar and from Varaždin to the direction of Koprivnica and Krapina.
- Reduce congestion in highly loaded agglomerations by taking into account
specific rules applicable to the protection of national heritage. _____________________
• Aviation
- Support the development of ‘Franjo Tuđman’ airport in order to preserve the availability
of the capital of Croatia from abroad
- To improve the operation and reliability of the work of the Dubrovnik airport in order to
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
30
preserve the availability of South Dalmatia
- Improve the accessibility of airports, in particular public transport;
- Improve the standard of safety in airports and aviation
- Bring into line with entry requirements in the Schengen Area where it is applicable;
• Maritime transport
- Boost the development and competitiveness of the Port of Rijeka port as a main Croatian
port
- Reduce the environmental impact of maritime transport (fleet development,
environmental protection and measures to prevent and combat pollution from maritime
structures);
- Increase the distribution of freight transport in the overseas Adriatic and coastal routes
for the benefit of maritime transport;
- Increase the reliability of maritime transport (public transport and supply chains) in
aggravating weather conditions;
- Improving the efficiency and economy of the maritime transport system
- Improve the safety of maritime transport
- Improve the integration of ports into the local transport (passenger and freight) system;
The strategy stipulates that all infrastructure projects, resulting from measures, should be
planned taking into account the potential climate phenomena of the action.
Relevant targets of waste policy
The primary objectives of waste management of the Republic of Croatia stem from the
assessment of the state of waste management and the obligations stemming from EU legislation
and regulation, which have been transposed into national legislation.
The implementation and establishment of an integrated waste management system in Croatia
was made possible using and meeting the targets defined in the Sustainable Waste Management
Act (NN Nos 94/13 and 73/17) and the Waste management plan of the Republic of Croatia for
2017.— 2022 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 3/17).
The Law on Sustainable Waste Management is the main law governing waste management in
Croatia. There are a series of regulations that have been adopted in accordance with the Law,
some of them regulate certain waste management activities and some regulate the management
of specific waste categories.
Based on an assessment of the existing waste management situation and obligations that Croatia
has to achieve according to the EU and national legislation, the Waste management plan defines
the objectives to be achieved by 2022, as compared to 2015:
1. Improve municipal waste management system
- Reduce the total amount of municipal waste generated by 5 %;
- Separately collect 60 % of the weight of municipal waste generated (primarily paper,
glass, plastics, metals, bio-waste, etc.);
- Separately collect 40 % of the mass of bio-waste produced which is an integral part of
municipal waste;
- Disposed of less than 25 % of the weight of municipal waste generated
2. Improve the management system for specific waste categories
- Collected separately for 75 % of the mass of construction waste generated
- Set up a waste sludge management system from sewage treatment plants
- Improve the system for packaging waste management
- Set up a marine litter management system
- To set up a waste ship management system, oths and streams of sinking material on the
seabed;
- Improve the management system for other specific categories of waste
3. Improve hazardous waste management system
4. Remediation of contaminated sites
5. Carry out training activities continuously,
6. Improve information systems for waste management
7. Improve the control of waste management;
8. Improve administrative procedures for waste management __________________________
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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The 2018 Waste Package (“Waste Package” introduces changes to EU waste legislation through
the introduction of more ambitious targets for Member States, in order to promote the transition
towards a circular economy.
The amendments to the Directives included in the Waste Package aim to level the level
of best practices across the Member States and to stimulate the necessary investments in waste
management and to facilitate the circular economy from production to consumption, repair and
remanufacturing, waste management and beneficial raw materials returns. As the circular economy
stimulates the use of production processes that consume less materials and energy, utilise waste
resources without waste and include full recycling at end-of-life, this indirectly affects emissions
and air quality — a sustainable, competitive low greenhouse gas and other pollutant emissions
economy is being developed, contributing to the reduction of environmental degradation and
resource consumption and of the destruction of biodiversity.
New EU rules entered into force on 4 July 2018 with legally binding targets for recycling
waste and reducing landfilling with fixed deadlines for Member States to make adaptation of
national legislation for the transition to a circular economy over the next two years. Croatia is
obliged to transpose the Waste Directive into its legislation by 5 July 2020.
Some other national
policy objectives and
priorities relevant to
NPCP: Programme of the Government of the Republic of Croatia until 2020
As an important current document, which sets out its development policy by 2020, the Croatian
Government’s programme for mandate 2016 can be highlighted.— 2020 • The fundamental objectives are:
on achieving stable and lasting economic growth; on the creation of new and quality jobs;
the stopping point and the demographic renewal; on social fairness and solidarity. • In the fields of Ecology, Sustainable Development and the Environment, the following
specific objectives are highlighted: on the protection of Croatian natural resources; on the integrated water management and the protection of national water resources; to
adapt to climatic conditions; on effective waste management. • In the field of energy, energy development strategies are in the process of design, with specific
objectives being: on improving the security of oil supply in Croatia and the EU; on improving security of gas
supply in Croatia and the EU. • In the area of demographic development, population policies and the revitalisation of
Europe, the objectives are as follows: on the promotion of an increase in the birth rate, while ensuring a minimum and increasing
standard of living; on the housing suffered by the family and the infant’s infancy.
National development strategy
• The Law on the Strategic Planning and Management System of Croatia (Narodne Novine (NN;
official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 123/17) was adopted in 2017. This Act governs the
country’s strategic planning system and management of public policies or the preparation,
elaboration, implementation, reporting, monitoring of implementation and impact, and validation
of strategic planning documents for the design and implementation of public policies, which are
drawn up, adopted and implemented by public authorities in accordance with their respective
competences. National development strategy is the hierarchy of the highest document. They are
followed by multi-sectoral and sectorial strategies, followed by plans. • Croatia’s strategic development is currently based on a number of sectoral and sectoral strategies,
plans and programmes, and the first Croatian National Development Strategy is being drawn up
until 2030. The plan is to adopt it by 2020.
Energy strategy
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
32
• The current Energy Strategy for Croatia (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the
Republic of Croatia) No 130/09) has set three basic energy objectives:
security of energy supply; on the
competitiveness of the energy
system;sustainability of energy
development.
• Given the changes in a number of internal and external factors since the adoption of the
Strategy in 2009, the need to develop a new strategy was identified. The new Strategy
is being developed and is expected to be adopted in 2019.
Environmental plan
• The Environment Plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2016-2023 is being
drawn up. The plan has not yet been adopted and the draft plan (MZOIP 2016)
identified the following priorities:
• The protection, preservation and enhancement of the value of natural resources and the
environment;
• IIPromotion of sustainable production and consumption;
• III.Protecting citizens from environment-related pressures and risks to health and well-
being;
• IVStrengthening the institutional and legislative framework;
• Improving links between knowledge, information management systems and environmental
policies;
• VIDevelopment of economic instruments and financing;
• VIITo improve the sustainability of cities;
• VIIIPromoting sustainable development at European and international level, following
the Sustainable Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (NN No 30/09).
2.2.1. COHERENCE OF INVENTORIES AND PROJECTIONS
Air pollution control programme pursuant to Article 19(2)NEC Regulation must be coherent with other
relevant plans and programmes established following requirements set out in Croatian legislation or EU
legislation. As national emission inventories and emission projections are a database, i.e. the sources of data
developing plans and programmes, they are necessary to ensure that they are coherent, i.e. that pollutant
emissions and greenhouse gas emission inventory are coherent and with projections, and that projections of
pollutants are coherent with the projections of greenhouse gases. The coherence of this type is ensured by the
following:
• equivalent data sources and data on activity data (e.g. use of the same energy models, information on
agricultural productivity, population movements, GDP, number of households, etc.), and
• the homogeneous assumptions were made in the PAM already adopted and consistent across all policy
areas.
In addition, coherence shall be ensured by implementing the reporting on inventory of pollutant emissions,
projections and on ambient air in accordance with established templates, formats and guidelines in order to
maximise consistency in reporting between Member States. The air pollution control programme should be
consistent with reporting to other obligations, including:
• inventory of pollutant emissions and projections reported annually by Member States per 4 years of
UNECE according to CLRTAP, • annual notification to the Commission by E-PRTR;
• reporting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and projections (dvo) annually to the Commission and the
UNFCCC under the Kyoto Protocol and the RDN;
• information air on ambient air quality spreading over eReporting in accordance with the IPR
Implementing Decision.
Coherence of data sources and data on activities in inventories and projections
Data on the activities needed to calculate the pollutant emissions are collected from the Information System of
the Republic of Croatia, official annual publications, and databases of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics and
relevant ministries and institutions. For certain sub-sectors and categories of source, more detailed
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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information is sought on activities and those available in official publications (e.g. energy balance, split of
road vehicles by category, etc.).For pollutant and inventory emissions inventories are mainly the same sets of
data sets. This shall be checked during the annual detailed inventory surveys carried out according to NEC of
the Directive and a reconciliation is carried out for the following annual submission. The first such detailed
technical inspection pursuant to NEC of the Directive was carried out in 2017 for emission inventories with
the last historical year (2015).Earlier adjustments were carried out according to the report of the 3 rd phase of
the CC coordinated examination of the Centre for Emissions Centres, the Centres for Emission inventories
and projections (‘ERA’), which acts as the audit secretariat in accordance with the UN/ECE LRDA
Convention and the EU NEC Directive. The Republic of Croatia has undergone two such centralised
inspections in 2011 and 2014.
Projections, which form an integral part of this Programme, have been made on the basis of
EMEP/EEA guidelines under the LRTAP Convention, and according to the latest available annual
inventory for 2016. The emissions and activity data were derived from the latest historical inventory
submission to the European Commission and to the February 2018 Secretariat of the LRTAP
Convention. This meets the condition that the estimates should be consistent with the last notified
inventory.
The development of the projections has taken on three main steps:
• First step: determination of the key emission sources of each pollutant and the shares of the
respective pollutant in the total emission of the pollutant,
• Second step: inclusion of activity data from available development plans;
• Third step: where no development plans were available, a presumption of future activity data was
taken. This has been developed over observed pollutants and critical sectors.
The methodology used for emission projections is identical to the emissions budget methodology. The
emission result from the product information product of the activity (e.g. fuel consumption, production
statistics, number of animals, waste treated, etc.) and the related emission factor.
In order to enable integrated modelling involving the possibility to assess at a simultaneous stage the
important impact of low-carbon development scenarios of the Republic of Croatia and of the pollutant
emission reduction measures, a number of simulation and optimisation models have been applied and an
integral model called NSPCRO (Low Carbon Strategic Planning of Croatia) has been developed. As a basis
for the creation of an integrated model the NUSPCRO used a software tool of the LEAP tool, an integrated
modelling tool used to analyse energy policy and an assessment of climate change mitigation measures,
energy consumption modelling, energy transformation and resource extraction. It has also been used for
accounting for energy and non-energy emissions in all sectors of the economy.
The scenarios shall be developed on the basis of a high number of input data, as well as an impact calculation
methodology. The effects of the economy, PAM, technology and the change in population behaviour are
modelled. Depending on the objectives to be analysed, results in specific scenarios can be an indication of the
need to simulate additional measures in order to achieve emission reduction targets or to test an optimal
combination of emission reduction measures. The additional examinations shall be subjected to sensitivity to
the changes in the parameters.
Result, greenhouse projections (GHG) projections, pollutant emissions projections, costs, externalities, and
impact on employment, which can then be evaluated on a monetary basis in order to obtain an integrated cost-
benefit analysis. Consistent relations and the methodologies used provide for consistent comparability of the
scenario as such assessment of the limit effects of the individual PAM.
The MIP is a model other than the need to draw up the projections of this Programme (or to be used) when
preparing the following documents:
- A report on the greenhouse gas projections of the Republic of Croatia,
- Implementation report on PAM for reducing emissions and an increase in the Republic of Croatia’s
greenhouse gas emissions;
- Draft low-carbon development strategy of the Republic of Croatia.
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
34
Coherence of air pollutant emission projections into the air with other obligations
A national inventory is generated on an annual basis and projections for pollutant emissions, even though they
are reported on an annual basis, are drawn up every two years. The compilation of the projections shall take
into account data from the last available inventory which is in this case for the 2016 inventory and thus
calculate fully consistent emissions from the last reported inventory.
The projections are in line with the GHG projections report prepared according to the Regulation on
monitoring greenhouse gas emissions, PAM AM to their reduction in the Republic of Croatia. Activity
data, assumptions and input parameters shall be fully consistent with the last reported greenhouse gas
projections report9.
When comparing the pollutant emission projections with the Republic of Croatia’s greenhouse gas projections
it can be said to be fully coherent. The Republic of Croatia reports on greenhouse gas emissions and
projections in the EU, UNFCCC and pollutant emissions and projections into the EU and CLRTAP.The latest
published report on GHG emission projections in the Republic of Croatia as well as on the Implementation of
PAM was published in March 2017. Those reports have also been used as a basis for the generation of
projections of pollutant emissions. All the data on activities required to produce projections of pollutant
emissions are therefore based on the same baseline and parameters as for the calculation of emissions of
greenhouse gases.
The document’s document to draw up a low-carbon development strategy for Croatia for the period until
2030, with a view to 2050, defined two greenhouse gas projection scenarios, used also to produce projections
of pollutants. It is important to note that the design of scenarios has taken into account the importance of
technologies and measures for reducing pollutant emissions. Chapter 4 describes the scenario for reaching the
targets in detail.
Existing PAM measures to reduce or limit emissions are set out in Chapter 4 and Annex 1 of the Programme.
All the information in chapters 4 and 5 has been taken from the Paper on the Development of the Low Carbon
Strategy for Croatia for the period up to 2030 with a view to 2050, the Green Paper.
Coherence with annual notification to the Commission under the E-PRTR Regulation
Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of a
European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, amending Council Directive 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC
(hereinafter the E-PRTR Regulation) entered into force on 18 January10 2006, and is implemented by the
Rules on the Environmental Pollution Register (NN No 87/15) (hereinafter the Ordinance).
Article 5The operators of installations carrying out one or more of the sites listed in Appendix I of the E-
PRTR Regulation, the operators of installations carrying out one or more of the sites listed in Appendix I of
the E-PRTR shall be required to supply information on releases and transfers of pollutants into the air, soil
and sewage if the applicable capacity threshold (s) is exceeded, and the pollutant release and/or transmission
threshold (s) of a table of Appendix II to that Regulation, namely, information about the occurrence of 2
tonnes of hazardous waste, or 2.000 tonnes of non-hazardous waste per year.
The E-PRTR Regulation is a key instrument in fulfilling the requirements of the Aarhus Convention,11 as it
gives the public an opportunity to engage in further developing the register and to prepare amendments.
Obliged entities to provide data in the ROO pursuant to the ROO Regulation shall check whether they are also
the data subject according to the E-PRTR Regulation.
Applicable threshold (s) and threshold (s) for the transfer of pollutants from generation to waste water,
column 1b of the table in Appendix II of the E-PRTR Regulation, or, in the case of waste.
When producing a report of air pollutants to air, emissions reported in the ROO database are used,
9 HAOP, June 2017 10 European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR), REGULATION (EC) No 166/2006 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNYL AND OF THE 2Qp6 concerning the establishment of a European pollutant Release and
Transfer of Register and amending Council Directives 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC 11 Aarhus Convention — Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental
matters, the signatory of Croatia in 1998 and ratification in December 2006
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
35
thus ensuring the coherence of the emissions data reported in the E-PRTR and in the pollutant
emission inventories.
Coherence with the inventory of greenhouse gas emissions
The Regulation on monitoring greenhouse gas emissions, PAM to reduce them in the Republic of Croatia
(NN No 5/17) sets out the obligation and procedures for monitoring emissions, which include assessment and
reporting on all anthropogenic emissions and merits. The monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions is laid
down in Article 75. Air Protection Act.
NIR is being prepared in accordance with the UNFCCC reporting guidance for annual inventories adopted by
the Conference of Parties by COP; Decision 24/CP.19. The methodology described in manuals/guidelines
shall be used for GHG emission budgeting: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas inventories
(IPCC Good Guidance Guidance), prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
The institutional set-up for the production of greenhouse gas inventories in Croatia is laid down in Title II of
the Monitoring Regulation for GHG emissions, PAM to reduce them in Croatia, called the National System
for the calculation and reporting of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks. The
institutional set-up for inventory production in Croatia can be considered as decentralised, where external
contractors’ services are used, and where authorisation to perform the individual tasks is shared between
cooperative institutions, including the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MZOIP), and the competent
national authorities responsible for collecting and transmitting data. The inventory is entrusted to the
authorised person, chosen by the procurement procedure, for a period of three years. Once the Inventar panel
has been constructed and has been approved by the members of the Inter-service Coordination Committee of
the national system, it is published on the website of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change and
on the Ministry’s website. In addition to the INSPIRE, statistics on greenhouse gas emissions shall be
reported by the Bureau of the Statistical Yearbook and the European Commission as part of the calculation of
air emissions. In all the above publications, Inventar is the reporting medium and therefore the emissions of
publications are fully aligned with the inventory.
The technical expert audit team (TERT) of the European Commission will carry out an annual review of the
data from the national Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions that are relevant for monitoring the reduction
or limitation of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Articles 3 and 7. ESD.The State is further required to
make a brief assessment of whether estimates of emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO 2),
nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds in inventories provided by the Member State under
Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and the UNECE Convention on Long-
Range Transboundary Air Pollution are in line with corresponding emission estimates in the Regulation
525/2013.
Where there are certain findings, the technical expert review team may audit the information
submitted pursuant to Article 7. Of Regulation (EC) No 525/2013. This ensures coherence with the
inventory of greenhouse gas emissions.
Coherence with GHG projections
The report on greenhouse gas emission projections shall form an integral part of the national system for
monitoring implementation of PAM to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and projections of greenhouse gas
emissions related to the fulfilment of commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change. Croatia is also required to report to the European Commission on its monitoring of the
implementation of these PAM and projections, on the basis of the rules applicable to EU Member States. The
legal basis for drawing up the Report in national law is set out in Article 75(3).Air Protection Act.
Regulation 525/2013, as well as Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 749/2014 are valid rules of
the EU that lay down the obligations and modalities of reporting by Member States.
The content of the Report is required under Article 14. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No
749/2014. A report on greenhouse gas projections by sources and their sink of greenhouse gas projections for
the year 2017 and shall contain:
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
36
• the projection of “no measures”, “with measures” and “with additional measures”, by gas and by
sector;
• ETS and non-ETS sector projections;
• description of the PAM studied in the projection,
• a description of the projection methodology, models, assumptions and inputs,
• an analysis of sensitivity projections against the input data.
The method and conditions for implementing the rules governing the monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions
are laid down in the Implementing Regulation defining in a further detail the scope of the report. In Annex
XIIThe implementing Regulation sets out the parameters on the projections that must be included in the
Report.
The current projections report currently in force in 2017 includes projections by sources and their removal of
the figures for 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 and 2035.
For the 2017 report on GHG emission projections, the following data sources for the parameters used were
used:
The projections are prepared in accordance with the greenhouse gas projections report prepared
pursuant to the Regulation on the monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions, PAM AM to their reduction
in the Republic of Croatia. The activity data, assumptions and inputs are in full consistency with the
CRF SECTOR
DATA TYPE SOURCE OF DATA
Generic engine parameters
GDP — annual growth rate Population Prices of coal Price of heavy fuel oil Price of gas
European Commission recommendations
Energy Fuel consumption Production of electricity Imports of electricity Final (end-use) energy consumption
National Renewable Energy Action Plan Croatian National Energy Efficiency Action Plan for
2014— 2016 Turnover Number of passenger-kilometres
Cargo Energy consumption in road transport
Statistical summer licence of Croatia
Industry Production growth index Sectoral studies (cement production and nitric acid
production)
CRF SECTOR DATA TYPE SOURCE OF DATA
Use of solvents
Report on air pollutant emissions inventory in the
Republic of Croatia under the Convention on Long-
Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) Agriculture Number and type of livestock Expert evaluation — Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb
and Ministry of Agriculture Plant production Statistical summer licence of Croatia
Agricultural production, Statistical Reports by
FAOSTAT databases LULUCF Land area of each subcategory NIR2014
Assumed emission factors per store
CFR2014
Waste
Municipal waste generated amount of municipal
waste landfilled Organic fraction of municipal waste
Waste management strategy Waste management plan in Croatia Sustainable Waste Management Act
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
37
last GHG projections report12, which ensures coherence with the greenhouse gas projections.
Coherence with the information on air quality to be exchanged via eReporting in compatible with IPR Implementing Decision
On 12 December 2011, the European Commission adopted Implementing Decision 2011/850/EU laying down
rules for the implementation of Directive 2004/107/EC and 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council (hereinafter: Implementing Decision IPR) of the EU Member States’ reporting obligations on air
quality assessment and management and the reciprocal exchange of network and station information and air
quality measurements (into force on 1 January 2014).
It provides for a new reporting mechanism (e-reporting), more up-to-date and more modern than the reporting
methods to date. All required information must be prepared and delivered in a standardised machine readable
format (XML format) and aligned with the requirements of Directive 2007/2/EC establishing an Infrastructure
for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE).The information is provided on EIONET
Central Data Repository (CDR), which was also accessible via the AQ Portal established by the EC and
maintained and managed by the EEA.All news, guidelines and instructions related to e-reporting are included
in the portal.
The Ordinance on the mutual information exchange and reporting of air quality and the obligations
implementing Commission Decision 2011/850/EU (NN No 3/16) lay down the tasks of the Ministry and other
bodies with regard to the manner, timing, content and format of the data and the mode of data collection for
the reciprocal exchange of information and for the reporting of assessment and management of air quality.
To meet the objectives for electronic reporting, all the air quality data needed for the exchange should be
gathered and properly serviced. To this end, the HAOP developed in 2014 and established a ‘Air Quality in
the Republic of Croatia’ portal. The portal is available at:Http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html and contains all
the information on concentrations of air pollutants measured within the territory of the Republic of Croatia as
a whole. The system makes it possible to provide air quality information in the standardised data exchange
format to the European Data Repository.
Commission and European Environment Agency, as required by the CAFE and the INSPIRE Directive, and
for the first time in 2014, air quality (B-G) data was submitted to the EC repository. The portal shall fully
meet the set criteria and allow for full delivery of all air quality data in the EC.
For the exchange of information and for reporting on the assessment and management of air quality, the
concentrations of contaminants obtained from measurements at the measuring points set out in Articles 4 to 6
shall be used. A Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for the concentrations of certain air
pollutants and location of measuring stations in the national air quality monitoring network (NN No 65/16).In
addition to the concentrations of pollutants given measurements at fixed measurement points, data obtained
from indicative measurements, modelling and objective estimation techniques may be used. The Member
State shall provide all requested information in the reporting year of the previous year.
For all given exceedances of the GV values (G data), information on Action plans to improve air quality must
also be provided in the EC, whereas only measures are to be submitted for exceedances of the target CV.
The air pollution control programme has taken over the information available from the “Air Quality in
the Republic of Croatia” portal ( http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.htm n, in line with the information
reported annually to the Commission pursuant to the IPR Implementing Decision.
2.2.2. COHERENCE WITH PLANS AND PROGRAMMES
The Republic of Croatia provides, through the Law on Strategic Planning and Management System of Croatia
(Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 123/17), the management of public
policies — the preparation, drafting, implementation of public policies that are drawn up, adopted and
implemented by public authorities in accordance with their respective competences. Medium-term acts of
12 HAOP, June 2017
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
38
strategic planning are the National Development Strategy, the multi-sectoral and sectorial strategies.
The indicative deadlines for the adoption of some national acts presenting the umbrella documents of the
strategic planning documents of the State and relevant for the adoption and implementation of this
Programme shall be:
- A national development strategy (by the end of 2020)
- An integral energy climate plan (by the end of 2019)
- The low carbon strategy of the Republic of Croatia (until 2020)
- Energy Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (until mid-2019)
- Environmental plan (2019)
Local communities have an obligation to adopt their own programmes to protect the air of which they are an
integral part of air protection programmes. Local plans also integrate adaptation concerns.
Each national plan and programme is committed to a strategic environmental assessment of the environmental
network and its assessment of the impact on the ecological network, as well as an assessment of compliance
with overarching and sectoral strategies.
Coherence with the action plans for the improvement of air quality
The provisions of Article 46(1) and (2)The air protection law (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the
Republic of Croatia) Nos 130/11, 47/14 and 61/17) provides that, where levels of air pollutants exceed any
limit or target, in each of these cases, the representative body of the local self-government unit (hereinafter
JLS), namely the City of Zagreb, shall adopt an action plan to improve the air quality for that zone or
agglomeration in order to ensure that the limit or target values are met as soon as possible. The representative
body of JLS or the City of Zagreb adopts an action plan for its administrative area. Action plan for
improvement
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
39
air quality may additionally cover specific measures aimed at the protection of vulnerable groups of the
population, including children.
The duty of the Republic of Croatia is to provide information on action plans for improving air quality in
zones and agglomerates where the establishment has exceeded the limits and targets to the European
Environment Agency/European Commission (EEA/EC).
Within this programme, an analysis of the air quality action plans submitted in the EEA/EC was carried out
using information on the implementation of the action plans to improve the air quality available on the
Republic of Croatia air quality (link:Http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/).Additionally, local authorities have been asked
to analyse the status of implementation of the Action Plans (and possibly planned) follow-up actions from all
the action plans to improve the air quality reported in e-Reporting, the local communities’ comments on the
implementation status of the Action Plans (and possibly planned).
Overview of action plans as reported in the e-Reporting System (item H) is given in Table 2-1, and an
overview of action plans provided in the reports in the e-Reporting System (paragraph K) of Table 2-2.
Table 2-1: Overview of action plans as reported in the e-Reporting System (item H)
Action plan title Zone City (JLS)
Pollutants substances
covered the Plan
Measuring
stations for
conformity
assessment
Date adoption
Period covered
the Plan
Air quality improvement
action plan for Slavonski
Brod EN 2
Vessel
Slavonski
Brod PM 2.5
Slavonski Brod Brod-1
04.07.2016 2016-2020
Action plan for the reduction
of PM 10 emissions from the
Gone Kutina EN 2 Kutina PM 10 Kutina-1 17.12.2015 2015-2020
Action plan on particulate
pollution (PM 10) for the City
of Osijek
HR AXIS Osijek PM 10 PO 1 01.01.2014 2014-2020
Action Plan for improving
air quality in the City of
Zagreb * HR ZG Zagreb
PM 10 BaP (PM 10) NO 2, PM 2.5 O3
Zagreb 1, Zagreb 3
27.03.2015 I. stage:2015-2017 II. stage: 2018..
2020 to 2023
Action plan to reduce the PM
10 concentration of the City
of Sisak
EN 2 Sisak PM 10 Sisak-1 01.01.2014 2014-2017
Note: The Action Plan for the City of Zagreb was created on the basis of exceeding the limit values in two stations of the
state network and six stations of the local area network.
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
40
Table 2-2: Overview of actions in the action plans under the reports in the e-Reporting System (paragraph K); Aglonme raids
‘Oluč’ substan
ce
Reporting Year Status of the action Efficiency of the measure 2015 2016 2017
HR ZG,
Zagreb PM 10
- Turnover - Reduction in emissions of
particulate matter from households
through energy efficiency
measures - Particulate reduction measures
for households using solid and
liquid fuels by shifting to
natural gas or to a central heat
system - General population education on
reduction of emissions of
particulate matter and energy
efficiency using wood based
furnaces - Measures to monitor air quality
- Measures concerning the
Sustainable Development
Action Plan of the City of
Zagreb (SEAP, 2010)
- Turnover - Reduction in emissions of
particulate matter from
households through energy
efficiency measures - Particulate reduction measures for
households using solid and
liquid fuels by shifting to natural
gas or to a central heat system - General population education on
reduction of emissions of
particulate matter and energy
efficiency using wood based
furnaces - Measures to monitor air quality - Measures concerning the
Sustainable Development Action
Plan of the City of Zagreb
(SEAP, 2010)
- Reduction in emissions of
particulate matter from
households through energy
efficiency measures - Particulate reduction measures
for households using solid and
liquid fuels by shifting to
natural gas or to a central heat
system - General population education
on reduction of emissions of
particulate matter and energy
efficiency using wood based
furnaces - Measures concerning the
Sustainable Development
Action Plan of the City of
Zagreb (SEAP, 2010)
The measures shall be
implemented in
accordance with a forward
plan provided for in the
action plan.
The City of Zagreb
produces annual reports
containing a description of
the implementation of
each of the actions.
Implementation dynamics
shall determine the
available financial means
and models of their
utilisation.
The effectiveness of the measure cannot
be assessed without extensive studies.
The achievement of a plot for particles
is subject to the implementation of
energy efficiency measures directed at
the heat protection of the buildings and
the small scale of home boilers. Since
most of the measures concern the
household sector, it is intended to be
implemented over a long period of time
to allow their effectiveness to be
assessed by improving the air quality
(e.g. a lower number of exceedances of
daily PM 10 daily concentrations in
the heating season).
Educational measures as well as
measures that impact human lifestyle
(e.g. cycling) should be continuously
carried out for years to impact.
Annual meteorological variability has a
significant effect on the level of both
local and underlying concentrations,
both in terms of emissions (colder and
colder winter, higher heating emissions)
and on the transport of contamination
and the local dispersion conditions
(persistent periods of stagnation leading
to the accumulation of local pollution).
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
41
Aglonme raids
‘Oluč’ substan
ce
Reporting Year Status of the action Efficiency of the measure 2015 2016 2017
HR ZG,
Zagreb BaP
- Turnover - Reduction in emissions of
particulate matter from
households through energy
efficiency measures - Particulate reduction measures for
households using solid and
liquid fuels by shifting to natural
gas or to a central heat system - General population education on
reduction of emissions of
particulate matter and energy
efficiency using wood based
furnaces - Measures to monitor air quality - Measures concerning the
Sustainable Development Action
Plan of the City of Zagreb
(SEAP, 2010)
The measures shall be
implemented in
accordance with a forward
plan provided for in the
action plan.
The City of Zagreb
produces annual reports
containing a description of
the implementation of each
of the actions. See observations for PM 10
HR ZG,
Zagreb NO 2
- Introduction of small road
transport emissions zones (so-
called En-Zones) and extension
of pedestrian zones in the town
centre - Improving the regulation of road
transport to decongest the town
of Donji City, Tris, Trešvka —
North, New Zagreb — West
and New Zagreb East - Improving urban public
transport, with a focus on
strengthening the role of urban
rail transport
The measures shall be
implemented in
accordance with a forward
plan provided for in the
action plan.
The City of Zagreb
produces annual reports
containing a description of
the implementation of each
of the actions.
The effectiveness of the measure cannot
be assessed without extensive studies
that may include further measurements
and modelling.
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
42
Aglonme raids
‘Oluč’ substan
ce
Reporting Year Status of the action Efficiency of the measure 2015 2016 2017
- Reduction of urban urban public
transport emissions by
pollution to a more heavily
laden city area - Procurement of vehicles in
public urban transport and
owned by urban companies
(ZET, Purity, Zagreb Roads)
applying the principles of
green procurement and
technical improvements to
existing vehicles - Promoting eco-driving - Expansion and improvement of
cycling infrastructure - Public education about road
traffic impacts on air quality
and promote transport modes
least harmful to the
environment - Public urban transport support
in the town centre - Establishing and promoting
alternative modes of transport
for “zero emission” vehicles - Measures to reduce emissions of
pollutants from transport under
the Programme for Protection
and Improvement of Air
Quality in the City of Zagreb
2009-2012(SGSZ 7/09)
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
43
Aglonme raids
‘Oluč’ substan
ce
Reporting Year Status of the action Efficiency of the measure 2015 2016 2017
HR OS,
Osijek PM 10
- Measures to improve the
monitoring of air quality - Educating citizens and promoting
the proper use of it, eco-
driving, use and improvement
of public transport - Technical and economic
measures to reduce fugitive
emissions and promote low-
emission technologies
- Measures to improve the
monitoring of air quality - Educating citizens and promoting
the proper use of it, eco-driving,
use and improvement of public
transport - Technical and economic
measures to reduce fugitive
emissions and promote low-
emission technologies
— No data The measure to improve
the monitoring of air
quality was in the
evaluation phase in 2015
while the other two
measures were in
implementation.
In 2016, all actions were in
implementation.
No information.(see comment on PM 10
in HR ZG)
ESA, Rijeka size brass ozone
- Public information and education
(Port of Rijeka) - Proposal for planned projects,
studies and research (Port of
Rijeka) - Measures aimed at reducing road
transport emissions (Town of
Rijeka) - Measures to reduce emissions
from maritime transport (City of
Rijeka)
— No data An action plan was
adopted in 2016 and
measures were in the
planning phase in this
year.
No information.
— —
- Generation of emission cadastre
for emissions for Town of Slavonski Brod
2015 - Promoting the establishment of
an air quality modelling system
for the ‘Slavonski kulen’. Ship and Boda (Bosnia and
Herzegovina) - Application of the recipe model
for assessing the contribution of
sources of air pollution in the
Slavonski Brod area
In 2017 all measures were
in the planning phase. It is not possible to evaluate as these
were in the planning phase.(see
comment on PM 10 in HR ZG)
EN 2 Slavonski
Brod Ship
PM 2.5
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
44
Aglonme
raids
‘Oluč’
substance
2015 Reporting Year
2016 2017 Status of the
action Efficiency of the
measure ■ Expansion of the
central district heating system
and the gas network in the
Slavonski Brod area with
subsidy of the connection to
households
■ Development of
cycling infrastructure
HR 2
Sisak PM “0”
■ Inter-sector
measures and environmental
protection instruments (Sisak
City)
■ Measures to reduce
emissions of PM10 particulate
matter in the industry sector
(Town of Sisak)
■ Measures to reduce
emissions from households
and small and medium
combustion plants (Sisak
City)
■ Measures to reduce
emissions from transport
(Sisak City)
■ Inter-sector measures
and environmental protection
instruments (Sisak City)
■ Measures to reduce
emissions of PM10 particulate
matter in the industry sector
(Town of Sisak)
■ Measures to reduce
emissions from households and
small and medium combustion
plants (Sisak City)
■ Measures to reduce
emissions from transport (Sisak
City)
— No data For the years 2015 and
2016, ‘Cross-sector
measures and
environmental protection
instruments (the city of
Sisak)’ were in the
implementation phase,
while for the other
measures there are no
data on their
implementation.
No information.
(see comment on PM 10 in HR ZG)
HR 2
Kutin
a
PM n
■ Measures to reduce
emissions from households
■ Preventive measures
to reduce PM10 emissions
■ Emission reduction
measures in the industry
sector
■ Measures to reduce
emissions from transport
- Measures to reduce emissions
from households
- Preventive measures to reduce
PM10 emissions
Abatement measures in the
industrial sector
- Measures to reduce emissions
from transport
■ No data In 2015, all measures
were in the planning
phase other than the
‘Preventive measures to
reduce PM10 emissions
‘which was in the
implementation phase.
In 2016, all measures
were in the
implementation phase
No information.
(see comment on PM 10 in HR ZG)
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
45
Analysis shows that the action plans are coherent with this Programme. The coherence is reflected in
the measures relating to households and transport, namely the following measures: MEN-4, MEN-14,
MEN-21, MTR-2, MTR-6, MTR-8, MTR-10 (for explanations see Annex 1).
Problems with the implementation of actions exist both at the local and national level, and the
implementation is largely influenced by the current economic situation. The Republic of Croatia had a
longstanding fall in GDP between 2008 and 2014. Despite co-financing by the government, households
have to bear a higher burden of investment, which in addition to the current economic situation is not
feasible for a large number of households.
Implementing energy efficiency measures in cities with developed action plans depends to a large
extent on the implementation of the national programme for energy renovation of family houses
(MEN-4).The source of funding provided for measure MEN4 is the Environmental Protection and Energy
Efficiency Fund (hereinafter FZEU).The measure was to be implemented at national level over the period
since 2014.— 2020. in such a way that the FZEU provides a financial structure for the renovation of family
houses.‘By 2015, i.e. before the amendment of the Family House Energy renovation programme, citizens
could supply energy renovation of family houses through local and regional self-government units
(Source:Http: //www.fzoeu.hr/docs/primjeri_dobre_prakse_projekata_energetske_ucinkovitosti_u_hrvatskoj_
2015_year_v1.pdf).Action plans were finally adopted in 2014.— 2016, which means that some have only
been carried out for one year. All action plans have an intended measure to reduce emissions from the
household sector, which are not implemented for a number of reasons:
- The FPS has not provided financial support for the entire forecast period. - the economic situation of the Republic of Croatia.
Transport measures relating to the use of public transport and other modes of transport with zero
emissions require changes in the transport infrastructure of cities, meaning that these actions are first
required by the multi-annual preparation of projects and then their implementation — continuous,
multi-annual work and inter-service/inter-institutional cooperation.
Coherence with air programmes, the ozone layer, climate change mitigation, and climate change adaptation
Article 12(1) provides: Air Protection Act, the representative body of the large city adopts an air protection
programme, the ozone layer, climate change mitigation and adaptation that is an integral part of the
Environmental Protection Programme.
The objectives of the ozone layer of protection, climate change mitigation and adaptation are intended to
define the objectives and measures for preventing and reducing air pollution, protecting the ozone layer,
mitigating climate change and adapting to climate change in the order, timing and obliged entities of the
implementation of the measures, the assessment of the means for its implementation, in the order the
appropriations for its implementation, in the order for the use of the funds according to the priority actions
and activities set out therein, with the primary aim of protecting and continuously improving air quality. The
targets and measures set out therein should be consistent with the objectives and measures of the
environmental programme in relation to the air component. The air protection programmes of the ozone layer,
climate change mitigation and adaptation and environmental programmes must be in line with the Air
Protection Plan, the Ozone Layer and the Mitigation of Climate Change in the Republic of Croatia for the
period 2013-2017. The above-mentioned Plan sets out objectives and priorities for the protection of air, the
ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic of Croatia over a five-year period.
The coherence of strategies, plans and programmes with the Environmental Protection Law and the
Air Protection Act will be examined in strategic studies, i.e. studies on significant environmental impact
of the strategy, plan or programme. The SEA procedure is conducted in accordance with the provisions of
the Environmental Protection Act (Article 63) and the Regulation on Strategic Environmental Assessment of
the Strategy, Plan and Programme (NN No 3/17).The process shall assess the likely significant effects on the
environment and human health that may arise from the implementation of the strategy, plan or programme.
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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Yet, there is a little programme for protecting the air, the ozone layer, climate change mitigation and
climate change adaptation which are required to carry out assessment procedures for strategic
assessments, since they rarely lead to measures on their condition.
The analysis has shown that coherence with the Air Protection Programmes, the ozone layer, climate
change mitigation and climate change adaptation is not fully achieved.
Indeed, the quality of these action plans is currently lagging behind the quality of national plans. The
main shortcoming of the most developed programme are the poor analysis of pollutant emissions, all
emission sources existing within the local community, as well as indicative emission connections and
concentrations of air quality parameters. Currently, most of the programme’s emission programmes
appear to show emissions from the Register of Environmental Pollution, which is not enough to have a
holistic picture of emissions in the area under consideration. Since 2018, the country has ensured
spatial distribution of emissions through the Portal for the whole Croatian territory, 5 (HR 1, HR 2,
HR 3, HR 4 and HR 5) and 4 agglomerations (HR ZG, HR OS, HR RI and HR ST) and the town of
Slavonski Brod, according to the Regulation on the designation of zones and agglomerations according
to air pollution levels in Croatia. The proposal is to improve the quality of future air protection
programmes, the ozone layer, climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate change by including
a section that ensures coherence with the pollution control programme, i.e. that they contain an
overview of all the emissions that exist in the area in question and which are made available through
the Emissions Allocation Portal for 2014 and 2015, and that will make it possible to carry out an expert
analysis of the link of emission sources, emission values and concentrations of pollution in the air. As
the firm community has the competence to draw up the Programme, it should also ensure oversight
over the implementation of the measures.
The teaching table lists the 25 current programmes that have been taken over from the websites of counties
and cities.
Serial
No Name of the document
Period duration
Manufacturer
1 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate Change
Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation for the
Šibenik-Knin County
2016— 2020 Šibenik-Knin County, Environmental
Protection and Utilities
Administration 2 The programme of air protection, the ozone layer, climate
change mitigation and climate change adaptation in
Osijek-Baranja County
2016— 2020 Osijek-Baranja, Regional Department
for Spatial Planning, Environment
and Nature Conservation 3 Air protection programme, ozone layer, climate change
mitigation and climate change adaptation programme for
the City of Šibenik
2018— 2020 Šibenik, the management unit for
spatial planning and environmental
protection 4 An air protection scheme, the ozone layer, climate change
mitigation and climate change adaptation for the region of
Zagreb County
2015— 2019 Administrative Department for
Planning, Building and Protection of
the Environment, Department of
Environmental Protection of Zagreb
County 5 Air protection programme, ozone layer and climate change
mitigation in Krapina-Zagorje County 2017— 2021 Management unit for zoning,
construction and protection of the
environment in Krapina-Zagorje
County 6 Air, ozone, climate change mitigation and climate change
adaptation programmes for the City of Koprivnica 2017— 2020 Managing Authority of the City of
Koprivnica that is responsible for the
development of environmental
planning documents 7 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Mitigation of
Climate Change and Climate Change, Sisak-Moslavina
County
2018— 2021 Spatial Planning Department,
Construction and Environmental
Protection
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Serial
No Name of the document
Period duration
Manufacturer
8 Air, ozone, climate change mitigation and climate change
adaptation programmes in the City of Karlovac
2016— 2020 Not available
9
Air, Ozone, Climate Change Mitigation and Climate
Change Adaptation Programme for the 4-year period
2017— 2021 Zadar County
10 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate Change
Mitigation and Climate Change adapted for the area of
Dubrovnik-Neretva County for the period from 2017 to 2020
2017— 2020 Administrative Department for
Environmental Protection and Nature
of Dubrovnik-Neretva County
11
The 2016-2020 programme for the protection of the air,
the ozone layer and the mitigation and adaptation to
climate change in Bjelovar-Bilogora County
2016-2020 Management department for
agriculture, environment and rural
development of Bjelovar-Bilogora
County 12
From the 2017 programme of air, the ozone layer, the
ozone layer and climate change mitigation and adaptation
in Split-Dalmatia County.— 2020 years
2017— 2020 Not available
13 An air protection programme, the ozone layer, climate
change mitigation and adaptation in Karlovac County for
2017-2021
2017— 2020 The Directorate for Planning,
Building and Protection of the
Environment, Nature and
Environment Protection Department
of Karlovac County 14 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate Change
Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation in the City of
Zagreb
2016— 2020 City’s office for energy,
environmental protection and
sustainable development, City of
Zagreb 15 From the Air Protection Programme, the Ozone Layer, on
the Mitigation of Climate Change and Climate Change in
the City of Zadar
2015— 2019 Administrative Department for
Islands Development and
Environment City of Zadar 16 The Ambient Air Protection Programme, the Ozone Layer,
on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the City
of Osijek
2017— 2020 The Managing Authority of Osijek
17 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate Change
Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation to the City of
Varaždin for 2016-2019
2016— 2019 Administrative Department for
Planning, Construction and
Environment of the City of Varaždin
18 Air Protection Programme, ozone layer, mitigation and
adaptation to climate change for the City of Velika Gorica
2018— 2022 Department for the Environmental
Protection of the City of Velika
Gorica 19
An air protection programme, the ozone layer, climate
change mitigation and adaptation to the Varaždin County
for the years 2015-2019
2015— 2019 The administrative department
responsible for the agricultural and
environmental protection of the
Varaždin County. 20 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate Change
Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation for the City of
Kaštela
2017— 2021 The City of Kaštela, management
unit for spatial planning, construction
and environmental protection 21
Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate
Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Brod-Posavina
County for the period 2016— 2020 years
2016— 2020 Administrative department for the
municipal economy and the
protection of the environment of the
Brod-Posavina county 22 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate Change
Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation for the Požega-
Slavonia County Region
2016— 2020 Požega-Slavonia County
23 Air protection programme, ozone layer, climate change
mitigation and climate change adaptation to Međimurje
County
2016— 2020 ‘Međimurje County’ administrative
department for spatial planning,
construction and the protection of the
environment
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Coherence with sustainable urban energy (and climate) urban development plans by 2020.
sustainable Energy (and Climate) Action Plan — SECAP
In addition to the plans and programmes under law, there are plans in Croatia that are drafted voluntarily, so
that local authorities are in favour of meeting the objectives of the EU on climate change and energy. One of
these plans is the Action Plan for Sustainable Energy (and Climate) Development by 2020, produced by cities
after the signature of the Covenant of Mayors. In this way, cities are on a voluntary basis to meet their energy
efficiency targets and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
In the framework of the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy initiative launched in 2008 by the EC,
Energy and Climate Sustainable Development Action Plans (SECAPs) were organised in Croatia by 62 cities
out of a total of 70 cities which are signatories to the Agreement. Plans submitted and already approved or
currently approved by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission are currently being evaluated.
The 2020 emission reduction targets were reported by signatories to the agreement by 2015, in line with the
EU climate and energy package by 2020. Thereafter the emissions reduction target for the period up to 2030
is, as the 2030 climate and energy framework has in the meantime been adopted. In parallel, the signatories of
the agreement may extend their commitments to climate change adaptation in line with the EU Strategy on
Adaptation to Climate Change.
The maximum plan number was submitted for the period 2012-2015. So far 56 Action Plans have been
adopted. The measures contained in the Action Plans only address the reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions, whereas there are currently no measures to adapt to climate change. As a reference year in
respect of which the target for emission reductions has been defined, 2009 or 2010 years are generally
chosen.
The examples of measures defined by cities in the Action Plans are: Reconstruction of external envelopes of
buildings and roofing of residential buildings and family houses, thermal insulation of external envelopes and
roofs, replacement of obsolete public lighting and more environmentally friendly lighting, the installation of
district heating plants, the modernisation of local self-government facilities, the modernisation of local self-
government facilities, the promotion of the use of renewable sources in family homes, the modernisation of
student owners of buildings, the provision of new electric vehicles owned by the city, the construction of low-
power nursery facilities, the reduction of utility contributions for the construction of new, low energy and
passive buildings, energy audits and the certification of public buildings, the installation of a centralised heat
system, the provision of heat switching to natural gas, support for the replacement of builders’ joinery and
carpentry of family houses, installation of solar solar systems for family houses and residential buildings,
municipal administrations and urban buildings.
Progress in achieving the objectives set is assessed on the basis of a Monitoring Report submitted to the EC’s
Joint Research Centre every two years after the adoption of the Action Plan. The emission inventory
contained in the action plan is updated every four years.Up to the conclusion of this Programme, the
Monitoring Report has been submitted by 15 cities in Croatia. According to the information provided
in the monitoring reports submitted, it can be concluded that there have been solid progress in the
implementation of the actions contained in the Action Plans, noting that some cities have not yet started
actions in some cities.As all but one city showed a target to reduce emissions by 2020 (one was in favour by
Serial
No Name of the document
Period duration
Manufacturer
24 An air protection programme, the ozone layer, climate
change mitigation and adaptation in Virovitica-Podravina
County for the period 2017— 2021 years
2017— 2021 The administrative department of
zoning, construction, utility and
environmental protection of
Virovitica-Podravina County 25
Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Mitigation of
Climate Change and Climate Change in Lika-Senj County
for the period 2016-2020
2016-2020 Department of Construction,
Environment and Nature Protection
and LičkoI- senjska district economy
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
49
2030), activity in favour of achieving the measures envisaged should be stepped up in the remaining period.
Given that other signatories to the agreement did not submit their monitoring reports yet, no progress has
been made on the remaining cities and so the sample from which conclusions have been drawn is limited.
With regard to the financial resources to implement the actions planned in the Action Plan, the data in
the monitoring reports show that cities spend on average just over 25 % of the total planned resources,
so it can be assumed that no greater displacement in the insurance fund will be achieved by 2020.
Assuming that the action plans provide for realistic estimates of the resources needed for the
implementation of measures to reduce emissions, this fact could mean that the targets will not be fully
met.The voluntary nature of the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy initiative should be taken into
account.
As regards the coherence of the Programme with the outlined plans, specificity is that measures to
reduce emissions in the framework of the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy are defined at
local level and are departing from local urban targets, while the majority of the other plans and
programmes for which coherence is needed are adopted at national level.
In the subsequent period 2020-2030, the implementation of the action plans on air pollution and climate
energy plans (SEAP/SECAP) needs to be further integrated. The capacity of local administrations to connect
a number of sectors should be strengthened, in terms of supporting the development of integral development
documents and projects. There is a need for education, dissemination of knowledge and information on the
causes of pollution, harm, health impacts, available techniques, costs of measures and benefits.
2.3. COMPETENCES OF NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES
This chapter provides information on the responsibilities of national, regional and local authorities in air
quality and emissions to air (Annex III, Part 1 (a) (ii) of the NEC Directive).
The Ministry of Environment and Energy is a central body for the implementation of environmental
management policy.
The Ministry shall be responsible, inter alia, for air safety, planning documents, adoption and implementation
of measures to prevent and reduce air pollution, professional control of the operation of the state network for
permanent monitoring of air quality (state network), air quality reporting and the exchange of data, and
information systems as regards air protection.
Under the responsibility of the Ministry, the Ministry is also responsible for the supervision and supervision
of the professional work carried out by the EU and the State Hydrographic Office below (hereinafter: DHA).
In the system of managing and controlling the use of structural instruments, the EU in Croatia, the Ministry
has a role as intermediate body level 1 for certain specific objectives under the priority axis “climate change
and risk management” and “protection of the environment and the sustainability of resources”.
At national level according to a new organisation revoked the HATP, the Ministry is responsible for the
collection and aggregation of environmental and nature data and information to ensure and monitor the
implementation of environmental and nature protection policy, sustainable development and other
professional activities related to environmental and nature protection.
In its capacity as legal persons with public powers, the central institution for collection and investment of
extra-budgetary funds, in environmental and nature protection, energy efficiency and renewable energy
projects. In the system for managing and controlling the use of EU structural instruments in Croatia, the FPS
plays the role of Intermediate Body, Level 2 for the specific objectives of environmental protection and
sustainability of resources, climate change, energy efficiency and renewable energy. The business covers the
tasks related to the financing of the preparation, implementation and development of programmes and
projects and similar actions in the areas of conservation, sustainable use, protection and improvement of the
environment and in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy.
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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In the area of air quality monitoring FZEU provides funding for the implementation of the Programme for the
measurement of air pollution in the national network.
DHA is managing the operation of a government network, ensures the construction of new stations in the
national network and is responsible for carrying out air quality measurement programmes in national network
stations.
Air quality in the national network is done by reference laboratories. Air quality monitoring on the state
network for gaseous pollutants and PM 10 and PM 2,5 (automatic methods) shall be performed by the DMH
while monitoring the air quality in the stations from the State network in the part concerning the sampling and
physico-chemical analysis of PM 10 and PM 2,5 and the equivalence of the non-regulatory methods for
determining PM 10 and PM mass concentrations of PM and PM 2,5 by the Institute for Medical Research and
Occupational Medicine.
At local and regional level, air quality work is performed by city (City of Zagreb or large city) or county
office (including the City of Zagreb).The representative body of the county, the City of Zagreb and the large
city shall adopt an air protection programme, the ozone layer, climate mitigation and climate change
adaptation, which forms an integral part of the environmental programme in the county, the City of Zagreb
and the large city. Implementing this programme, managing authority responsible for environmental
protection (hereinafter: the competent administrative authority) of the county, the City of Zagreb and the large
city shall produce a report covering the four years adopted by the representative body of the county, the City
of Zagreb and the large city. The competent administrative authority of JLS and the City of Zagreb shall be
responsible for drawing up action plans for the improvement of air quality if the levels of air pollutants
exceed any limit value or target value.
The monitoring of air quality at the measurement stations established by the County, the City of Zagreb and
the cities on its territory, as well as the measurement stations established by the pollutants under the
environmental acceptability of a project or a solution on collective environmental conditions or
environmental authorisation, are carried out by the testing laboratories.
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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The teaching table provides an overview of the competences assigned to national, regional and local authorities.
2.3.2Competences conferred to national, regional and local authorities (M) List of the
relevant
authorities
(M):
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate,
environmental protection agency,
municipality) (M): Where applicable, the name of the competent
authority (e.g. Ministry XXX, DHL, JLS):
Describe the associated air quality and air pollution responsibilities (M): Select as appropriate: - Role in Policy Making - Role in the implementation - Role of enforcement (including relevant inspections and permits) - Reporting and monitoring role - Coordination roles - Other roles (specify)
National
authorities
(M):
Croatian Parliament Role in Policy Making Legislative framework It adopts the Environmental Protection and Air Protection Act, laws on the validation of international delegations.
Croatian Parliament Role in Policy Making National strategies Adopt national strategies in individual areas (e.g. the Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia, the Strategy for
Transport Development of the Republic of Croatia for 2014-2030, the Industrial Strategy of the Republic of Croatia 2014-
2020). Croatian Government Role in Policy Making
Strategies by area, National Programmes and Plans, Action Plans for the Implementation of Strategies Adopt its draft implementation strategies, programmes, plans and action plans.
Croatian Government Role in Policy Making Implementing rules Adoption and implementing rules under the ZZZ
Croatian Government Role in Policy Making Policy implementation reports Reports on the implementation of national strategies, plans and programmes
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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2.3.2Competences conferred to national, regional and local authorities (M) List of the
relevant
authorities
(M):
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate,
environmental protection agency,
municipality) (M): Where applicable, the name of the competent
authority (e.g. Ministry XXX, DHL, JLS):
Describe the associated air quality and air pollution responsibilities (M): Select as appropriate: - Role in Policy Making - Role in the implementation - Role of enforcement (including relevant inspections and permits) - Reporting and monitoring role - Coordination roles - Other roles (specify)
Minister Role in Policy Making Implementing rules It adopts the drafting of sector-specific regulations.
Decide to set up an expert panel for the purpose of drawing up proposals for national plans, national programmes, national
reports, draft implementing regulations and the drafting of implementing regulations.
(for example, Minister for the Environment and Energy: The Rules lay down the method for monitoring the air quality and the
collection of data, criteria for location of measurement positions, criteria for determining the minimum number mj of posts,
reference measurement methods, means of demonstrating of equivalence for other measurement methods, how to demonstrate
the equivalence of measurement methods, the method for demonstrating the quality of measurements and data, as well as the
presentation and consistency of results and compliance with Croatian standards, checks on the correctness and calibration of
measuring instruments, the method and costs of operating the reference laboratory, the method for reporting air protection
information system, the content of the annual report and the manner of regular information to the public.
The Rules lay down the method for monitoring emissions of air pollutants from stationary sources, the extent and types of
measurements, the reference methods for measurement, the means to demonstrate equivalence for other measurement methods,
the means to verify the integrity and calibration of measuring instruments, how to verify the correct measurement systems for
measuring emissions of pollutants into the air from stationary sources, the sampling procedure and the evaluation of the results
of measurements, the mode of transmission of data for the needs of the air emissions protection information system and the
regular public information on the monitoring of emissions);
Minasostvo Role in Policy Making Rules A competent authority for transfers of EU acquis shall make proposals for laws, regulations and implementing acts falling
within its competence. Ministries Role in Policy Making Strategies, plans, programmes It shall draw up proposals for sectoral strategies, plans and programmes.
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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2.3.2Competences conferred to national, regional and local authorities (M) List of the
relevant
authorities
(M):
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate,
environmental protection agency,
municipality) (M): Where applicable, the name of the competent
authority (e.g. Ministry XXX, DHL, JLS):
Describe the associated air quality and air pollution responsibilities (M): Select as appropriate: - Role in Policy Making - Role in the implementation - Role of enforcement (including relevant inspections and permits) - Reporting and monitoring role - Coordination roles - Other roles (specify)
MZOIP Role in Policy Making Air quality monitoring and assessment — State network Identifying zones and agglomerations, station Location, upon proposal of the Ministry, designated by the Government,
measurement programme, performing expert monitoring of state network operation, provides air quality assessment Croatian Government Role in the implementation
Cross-sectoral coordination commissions for PAM Set-up and coordination of work for PAM sector coordination
Ministries Role in the implementation Implementation of the legislative framework Exercising administrative control over the application of laws and by-laws, which is within the competence of the Ministry,
exercising administrative control over the bodies under the responsibility of the Ministry, the establishment of thematic
commissions and working groups, the adoption of proposals by regulations, the budget planning, in order to secure funding for
the implementation of sectoral policies, events with the EU and international institutions in order to meet the obligations of the
Republic of Croatia, the drawing up of reports and the exchange of information in order to fulfil the obligations of the Republic
of Croatia. Ministry Role in enforcement Monitoring of the implementation of the rules The implementation of administrative procedures by law, licensing and certification.
State Inspectorate Role in enforcement Monitoring of the implementation of the rules Monitoring the implementation of certain provisions of the law and regulations, by conducting inspections
MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement) Environmental permits, decision on integrated environmental protection requirements, environmental
acceptability solution, permit for greenhouse gas emissions, arrangements for free allocation of allowances to
operators, a decision on the free allocation of allowances to operators of aircraft Agreed, approved, issued, amended and revoked
MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement) Permit granting to a legal person — testing laboratory and legal person — reference laboratory It evaluates the applications, issues and issues permits and, where appropriate, is terminated.
MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement) Monitoring and reporting plan for greenhouse gas emissions from aircraft and a monitoring and reporting plan
on tonne-kilometre data from aircraft
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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2.3.2Competences conferred to national, regional and local authorities (M) List of the
relevant
authorities
(M):
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate,
environmental protection agency,
municipality) (M): Where applicable, the name of the competent
authority (e.g. Ministry XXX, DHL, JLS):
Describe the associated air quality and air pollution responsibilities (M): Select as appropriate: - Role in Policy Making - Role in the implementation - Role of enforcement (including relevant inspections and permits) - Reporting and monitoring role - Coordination roles - Other roles (specify)
It considers that the monitoring and reporting plan has been drawn up in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No
601/2012, the relevant instructions from the European Commission and the rules referred to in Article 90(8) of this Act. MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement)
A monitoring plan for greenhouse gas emissions from installations as an integral part of the greenhouse gas
emissions permit It shall provide an expert opinion on the compliance of the plan with the provisions of the Regulation.
MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement) Free allocation of allowances to operators of installations Responsible for implementing Commission Decision 2011/278/EU and the current European Commission instructions
MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Low carbon strategy of the Republic of Croatia Report to the European Commission on the status of the implementation of the Low Carbon Strategy through reports.
MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Report on the state of air quality, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the consumption of ozone
depleting substances in the Republic of Croatia (4 years) Report/Preparation has been submitted every four years to the Government
MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Reporting and monitoring role Rules concerning the Environmental Pollution Registry (ROO) Develop and operate an online database, carry out the quality control, the processing and analysis of the data reported and make
the ROO data report, and make it publicly available for the public MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role
E-PRTR Regulation It conducts data quality controls and produces and reports to the European Commission and publishes it for the public.
MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role VRD protocol A report shall be drawn up and submitted by the UN/ECE to be published by the public.
MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Air quality action plans and short-term action plans Data collection and reporting
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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2.3.2Competences conferred to national, regional and local authorities (M) List of the
relevant
authorities
(M):
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate,
environmental protection agency,
municipality) (M): Where applicable, the name of the competent
authority (e.g. Ministry XXX, DHL, JLS):
Describe the associated air quality and air pollution responsibilities (M): Select as appropriate: - Role in Policy Making - Role in the implementation - Role of enforcement (including relevant inspections and permits) - Reporting and monitoring role - Coordination roles - Other roles (specify)
MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Air quality assessment and reporting Provides air quality assessment and reporting
MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Air quality assessment Draw up Annual Air Quality Monitoring Report in the Republic of Croatia
DHA Reporting and monitoring role Air quality assessment, modelling for estimation purposes Performs air quality assessment, carries out modelling for assessment and reporting purposes
Legal persons — Testing laboratories Reporting and monitoring role Air quality monitoring, monitoring of emissions of pollutants into the air from stationary sources, checking the regularity of a
measuring system for continuous measurement of emissions from stationary sources and monitoring of product quality State office for metrology
Reporting and monitoring role The acceptance of equipment testing reports by performance requirements of reference methods issued in other Member States
provided that the tests performed by test laboratories are accredited in accordance with the relevant harmonised standard for
testing and calibration laboratories and the list of accepted reports published on its own website MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role
Air quality monitoring and assessment — State network, local networks, Special Purpose Vehicles Water Information System, Exchange of Information and Reporting on Air Quality
MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Management and maintenance of the repository of environmental pollution register (ROO) Operates the Digital and Energy Information System, a building block of the ROO base, the maintenance of databases, the
publication and exchange of information; MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role
Action Plan for improving the quality of air Submits an Action Plan for improving air quality to the European Commission. IPR
DHA
Reporting and monitoring role Monitoring air quality in stations from the national network Monitoring air quality in stations from the state network for gaseous pollutants and PM 10 and PM 2,5 (automatic methods)
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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2.3.2Competences conferred to national, regional and local authorities (M) List of the
relevant
authorities
(M):
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate,
environmental protection agency,
municipality) (M): Where applicable, the name of the competent
authority (e.g. Ministry XXX, DHL, JLS):
Describe the associated air quality and air pollution responsibilities (M): Select as appropriate: - Role in Policy Making - Role in the implementation - Role of enforcement (including relevant inspections and permits) - Reporting and monitoring role - Coordination roles - Other roles (specify)
Submit the data and report on air quality levels and the evaluation of air quality to the Ministry annually.
Institute for Medical Research and
Occupational Health Reporting and monitoring role Monitoring air quality in stations from the national network It shall carry out the monitoring of the air quality in the stations from the State network in the sampling and physical nature of
the chemical analyses of PM10 and PM2,5 as well as the equivalence of non-reference methods for the determination of PM10
and PM2,5 by mass concentrations of particulate matter PM and PM. Submit the data and report on air quality levels and the evaluation of air quality to the Ministry annually.
Legal person — test laboratory Reporting and monitoring role Monitoring of air quality and air emissions It may carry out air quality monitoring in local networks and on special purpose stations, the activity of monitoring emissions
of pollutants into the air from stationary sources and/or checking the correctness of a measuring system for continuous
measurement of air pollutant emissions from stationary sources; A report shall be drawn up and reported for the measurements taken.
DHA Enforcement role (enformcement) Manages the work of the state network Manage the work of the national network, ensure the construction of new stations on the national network, ensure air quality
monitoring (measurement, data collection, quality assurance and measurement of measurement and data, adjusting and
verifying the technical characteristics of the measuring equipment in accordance with the reference measurement methods, as
well as the processing and presentation of the measurement results) and be responsible for the implementation of the air quality
measurement programme at those stations. DHA
Enforcement role (enformcement) Monitoring air quality in stations from the national network Monitoring air quality in stations from the state network for gaseous pollutants and PM 10 and PM 2,5 (automatic methods)
Institute for Medical Research and
Occupational Health Enforcement role (enformcement) Monitoring air quality in stations from the national network It shall carry out the monitoring of the air quality in the stations from the State network in the sampling and physical nature of
the chemical analyses of PM10 and PM2,5 as well as the equivalence of non-reference methods for the determination of PM10
and PM2,5 by mass concentrations of particulate matter PM and PM.
MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement)
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
57
2.3.2Competences conferred to national, regional and local authorities (M) List of the
relevant
authorities
(M):
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate,
environmental protection agency,
municipality) (M): Where applicable, the name of the competent
authority (e.g. Ministry XXX, DHL, JLS):
Describe the associated air quality and air pollution responsibilities (M): Select as appropriate: - Role in Policy Making - Role in the implementation - Role of enforcement (including relevant inspections and permits) - Reporting and monitoring role - Coordination roles - Other roles (specify)
Professional oversight of the work of the state network Professional supervision of operations pursuant to Article 28. ZOZZ
Legal person — test laboratory Enforcement role (enformcement) Monitoring of air quality and air emissions To carry out air quality monitoring in local networks and special purpose stations, the activity of monitoring emissions of
pollutants into the air from stationary sources and/or checking the correctness of a measuring system for continuous
measurement of air pollutant emissions from stationary sources. Reference laboratories Enforcement role (enformcement)
Air quality monitoring activity Pursues the activity of quality assurance of air quality measurements and data in the territory of the Republic of Croatia.
MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement) Measures to prevent and reduce air pollution
Targeted reduction of PM2,5 at national level for the protection of human health, Pollution from Natural Resources,
exceedances attributable to winter-sanding or -salting of roads or in salt, the Short-velocity Action Plan for ozone,
transboundary air pollution.
MZOIP The role of funding Measurement and data quality business Provide resources for the reference laboratory to participate in international reference laboratory tests on the capacity of the
reference laboratories and to cooperate with the Member States of the EU and the European Commission to ensure
comparability and quality of measurement. FZOEU The role of funding
Ensure the financing of the implementation of the programme for measuring levels of pollution on the national
network Ensure the financing of the implementation of the programme for measuring levels of pollution on the national network
Regional
authorities
(M):
JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities Reporting and monitoring role Report on the implementation of environmental programmes Producing a report on the implementation of the programme for a period of four years (for which authorised persons)
JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities Reporting and monitoring role Air quality monitoring and assessment — Local networks
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2.3.2Competences conferred to national, regional and local authorities (M) List of the
relevant
authorities
(M):
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate,
environmental protection agency,
municipality) (M): Where applicable, the name of the competent
authority (e.g. Ministry XXX, DHL, JLS):
Describe the associated air quality and air pollution responsibilities (M): Select as appropriate: - Role in Policy Making - Role in the implementation - Role of enforcement (including relevant inspections and permits) - Reporting and monitoring role - Coordination roles - Other roles (specify)
Communicates air monitoring data and report on air quality levels and air quality assessment (by legal person to the testing
laboratory) to the original and validated air quality monitoring data and report. JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities Implementation role (Enforment)
Environmental programme Adopted and published by authorised persons
JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities Enforcement role (enformcement) Air quality monitoring and assessment — Local networks Establishes air quality monitoring stations within its territory, shall determine the locations of air quality monitoring stations,
adopt a programme to measure the level of pollution, ensure the conditions for its implementation, monitor the implementation
of those activities.
Local
authorities
(M):
Competent administrative authority of JLS
and the City of Zagreb Reporting and monitoring role Air quality action plans and short-term action plans Ensure delivery of an action plan to the Ministry or a short-term action plan.
JLS Reporting and monitoring role Air quality monitoring and assessment — Local networks Communicates air monitoring data and report on air quality levels and air quality assessment (by legal person to the testing
laboratory) to the original and validated air quality monitoring data and report.
Representative body of JLS and City of
Zagreb Role in the application of enforcement (enformcement) Air quality action plans and short-term action plans Adopt an air quality action plan and a short-term action plan for its administrative area.
JLS Enforcement role (enformcement) Environmental permits, decision on integrated environmental protection requirements, environmental
acceptability decision solution Public debates JLS Role in enforcement Air quality monitoring and assessment — Local networks Set up air quality monitoring stations within its territory, determine the locations of air quality monitoring stations, adopt a
programme for monitoring air quality, provide conditions for its implementation, monitor implementation conditions, monitor
the execution of those activities, and submit annually to the Ministry of authentic and validated air quality monitoring data.
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2.3.2Competences conferred to national, regional and local authorities (M) List of the
relevant
authorities
(M):
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate,
environmental protection agency,
municipality) (M): Where applicable, the name of the competent
authority (e.g. Ministry XXX, DHL, JLS):
Describe the associated air quality and air pollution responsibilities (M): Select as appropriate: - Role in Policy Making - Role in the implementation - Role of enforcement (including relevant inspections and permits) - Reporting and monitoring role - Coordination roles - Other roles (specify)
JLS and the City of Zagreb Enforcement role (enformcement) Report of the information on the Environmental Pollution Register (ROPS) Monitoring and verifying the quality of the ROPS data.
Pollutant (M):
Pollutants Enforcement role (enformcement) Air quality monitoring and assessment — Special purpose measurements Shall ensure the monitoring of air quality according to the environmental decision on the environmental acceptability of a
project or a solution on integrated environmental conditions or an environmental permit in accordance with the Environmental
Protection Act;
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3. Progress in reducing emissions and the improvement of the QUALITY OF THE AIR of the
AN ACCs obtained from an existing system of performance based on the EU
This Chapter provides, through three pillars, information showing: “the progress made by current PAM in the
reduction of emissions and the improvement of air quality and the level of compliance with national and EU
obligations” (Annex III, l.part (1)) (iii) of the Directive).Subchapters are:
• Progress in emission reductions achieved through existing PAM and the degree of alignment with EU
and national commitments
• Progress in improving air quality achieved through an existing PAM and the degree of alignment
with the national commitments and commitments of the EU, and
• The current cross-border impact of domestic emission sources.
This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.4.“Progress made by current Pars in reducing emissions and
improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national and Union obligations.
3.1 Progress TO REDUCTION THE EMISSION AND CLEARANCE BY
COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL OBLIGATIONS AND THE EU
For measures designed to contribute to achieving emission reduction commitments pursuant to NEC and
NEC, the measure’s effect should be expressed in terms of emission reductions to be achieved over a given
time limit.
As required by NEC and NEC Directive, at national level an inventory of good quality emissions should be
available as well as the spatial distribution of the EMEP’s network emissions. According to EMEP the
Reporting Guidelines and the Guide (as set out in Annex IV.The Directive), emission maps should be
developed using the resolution of 0,1° × 0,1° (long haul), which is Croatia and ensured through the project:
“Production of a Register for Small and diffuse pollutant emissions from spatial distribution to EMEP with a
high resolution network [4].The project represents a preventive measure to improve the air quality of MPR-11
from the Air Protection Plan, the Ozone Layer and the Mitigation of Climate Change in the Republic of
Croatia for 2013-2017 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 139/13).The
results of the implementation of the action are available on the Internet site:Https: //emep.haop.hr/.Results are
given by the spatial representation of pollutant emissions in the Republic of Croatia and in zones in the zones
of the range of 0,1° x 0,1° (long haul) and for agglomerations in resolution 500 m x 500 m (long-lat).The
implementation of this measure shall provide detailed information for air quality modelling on the High
Resolution scale.
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Table 2.4.1 provides an overview of the progress in emission reductions achieved through existing PAM and
the degree of alignment with EU and national commitments (M)
The mass of NH 3 in 2016 was 35,2 KT.Since 1990, emissions have decreased by 34.4 %
2.4.1Progress in emission reductions achieved via existing PAM and the degree of harmonisation with national
EU (M) commitments and commitments Describe the
progress made current PAM in
reducing emissions
and the degree of
compliance with
national legislation
and legislation EU (M):
SO 2
In 2016, the total CoP emission 2 was 13,3 KT, representing a decrease by 92.2 % compared to
1990. Half (47.3 %) of 2 emitters in 2016 comes from the energy, electricity and heat sectors, 19.7 %
from industrial combustion of fuels and construction, 22.5 % from fugitive emissions from
activities in the refining/storage sector, 8.3 % from small heaters (stationary and mobile).The
decrease is mainly caused by a shift from fuels with high sulphur content to low sulphur fuels,
both in road transport and in stationary combustion. Also, a war on Croatian independence, which
took place during the period 1991.— 1995, reduced fuel consumption and falling overall
production in almost all sectors, resulting in a decrease in emissions. The sharp fall in the SO2
emission trend can be seen in 2000 due to the fact that other coal-fired thermal power stations (TPP)
in Croatia entered into the plant. The second TE also has an emission reduction technique of 2 (SO
2) with efficiency in excess of 95 %.The second coal TE at coal has a double capacity in relation
to the first. As from 2000, the first TE without an abatement technique so 2 was only in operation
when electricity needs (mainly in summer) are larger. Since 1990, emissions from the electricity
and heat production sectors decreased by 92.8 %, from industry and construction by 91.9 %,
transport sector by 98.3 %, from small ones by 95 %.Sulphur emissions from the production
process and product use have also decreased by 86.6 % compared to 1990 and are now less than
22 tonnes due to the suspension of the production of aluminium, pulp and paper (Kraft process)
and soot, and by the high reduction in sulphuric acid production. Since 2 in 2016, 2 kt were lower
than the target of 70 kt according to the GP and NEC of the Directive, due to the construction of a
sulphur output/storage sector (NFR 1. B.2.a.iv) for the construction of a sulphur plant (Claus
plant).
No x
The NOx emission in 2016 was 50,4 KT, representing a decrease of 50.4 % compared to 1990. in
2016, emissions from the energy sector were around 49,7 kt and around 93.6 % of total NOx
emissions. In 2016, the main source of energy for the energy sector was the transport sector (NFR
1. A.3), with a contribution of 48.7 % of total NOx emissions and the dominance of road
transport. Compared with 1990, NOx emissions in the transport sector decreased by 37 % due to
the introduction of automotive catalysts and the introduction of stricter emission standards. The
stationary and mobile sectors (road transport) sectors also have a major reduction since 1990,
mainly due to lower fuel consumption. Also, a war on Croatian independence, which took place
during the period 1991.— 1995, the decrease in fuel consumption and loss of overall production
in almost all sectors was due to a decrease in NOx emissions. Since 2007, the trend of NOx
emissions has decreased as a result of the economic crisis that still persists in Croatia. In 2016,
around 18.9 % of NOx emissions stem from small combustion sources (NFR 1A.4 mobile and
stationary), 13.2 % derived from fuel combustion in industry and construction (NFR 1. A.2),
while 12.5 % comes from the energy sector in electricity and heat production (NFR 1. A.1).In all
these sectors, there has been a decrease since 1990, in the sector 1. A.4 for 37 %, 1. A.2 for
70.2 % and 1. A.1 by 63.3 %.Crop production and agricultural soils also represent sources of NOx
emissions in Croatia, with a contribution of 4.3 % of total national NOx emissions in 2016. The
NO emissions occur in microbiological process in the soil, where it showed a decrease by around
33.6 % between 1990 and 2016 due mainly to the decrease in the use of N-fertilisers in crop
production and registered a 18.3 % decrease compared to the previous year. Emissions in the
sector and product use fell by around 60.5 % between 1990 and 2016 mainly due to the
suspension of aluminium, pulp and paper production (Kraft process), soot, and the overall
reduction in production. A year-on-year increase of around 1 % was observed and an indication of
the recovery of production.In 2016, NOx emissions were below the target of 87 KT according to
the GP and NEC of the Directive.
NH 3
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compared to the year before by 11.1 %.The total trend of NH 3 from animal husbandry is
decreasing and depends on the number of animals (49 % reduction in 2016 compared to 1990)
with the continued falling number of animals for most categories of animals since 1990. The
decrease between 1991 and 1995 is a result of the war on Croatian independence, whereas the
reason for the decrease in the years since 2008 is the economic crisis. Emissions of NH 3 from
agricultural soils shall differ in relation to the total quantity of N — Mineral fertilisers applied
in the period 1990-2016 (reduction of ~ 2 % in 2016 compared to 1990).The most dominant
source in Croatia’s total NH 3 emissions from agricultural soils is a N-urea fertiliser (40 % in
2016, 29 % in 1990), followed by calcium ammonium nitrate (27 % in year 2016, 29 % in year
1990) and complex NPK fertilisers (17 % in year 2016, 27 % in 1990).Other fertiliser types
contribute less than 1 % of total NH emissions 3 due to fertiliser application in 2016. The
increase of NH 3 emissions can also be observed in the transport sector with dominant road
traffic (for around 17 times an increase of NH 3 emissions from road transport compared to
1990) due to the creation of NH 3 in catalyst passenger vehicles.The ammonia emission in
2016 was above the value of the 30 KT in the BCP and NEC of the Directive.
NMVOC
In year 2016, NMVOC emissions shall be 62,6 KT.In 2016, NMVOC emissions decreased
significantly by 58.9 % compared to 1990. The reduction since 1990 has been significant in the
Industry process and product use (by 68.8 %) and in the transport sector (with the dominance of
road transport (by 80.4 %).The downward trend since 1990 is due mainly to reduced emissions
from the solvent containing products, partly as a result of the best available techniques (BAT),
partly as a result of the reduced production of solvents and solvent-based products, partly as a
result of the shrinking population in Croatia. The road transport sector has also contributed to
the downward trend in NMVOC emissions due to the increased use of energy-efficient vehicles
and the introduction of new requirements for exhaust emissions. The fugitive emissions of
NMVOCs from petroleum products (in addition to the dominance of gasoline) and natural gas
were also to record a 45.2 % decrease since 1990. Also, a war on Croatian independence, which
took place during the period 1991.— 1995, was the reason for the decrease in fuel consumption
and a decline in overall production in almost all sectors. The economic crisis has contributed to
a further reduction of NMVOC emissions since 2007. Also, the reduction from 2008 is partly
due to the gradual substitution of a certain percentage of traditional domestic ovens and manual
boilers with advanced/labelled ovens, boilers and pellet stoves.In 2016, NMVOC emissions
were below the value of 90 KT installed according to the GP and NEC of the Directive.
PM 2,5
The PM 2,5 emission was 20,5 KT in 2016. Emissions decreased by 45.8 % compared to 1990.
The energy sector is the largest source of PM 2,5 emissions and contributes around 91.6 % of the
total national emission in 2016. Small boilers with dominance of the combustion of biomass in
the household are key sources of PM 2,5 emissions, and contribute 78.8 % of the total national
emission in 2016. The transport sector contributes less to the emissions ratio (8.8 % in 2016)
and shows an increase by 12,5 % compared to 1990. In the transport sector, road transport is
dominated by PM 2,5, with emissions equal to emissions from fuel combustion and fugitive
emissions from road use and the wear and tear of brakes and tyres. The production processes
and the use of solvents are also a major source of PM 2,5 emissions (6.8 % in 2016), which
recorded a decrease of 6.6 % since 1990. Agriculture is also a source of PM 2,5 emissions in
Croatia, accounting for a national share of 8.5 % in 2016. Manure management contributed to
4.5 % of total PM 2,5 emissions in 2016, while crop and agricultural soils with 4 %.The
combustion in industry and construction contributes to total national emissions from 2.3 % in
2016 and has recorded a significant decrease in PM 2,5 emissions in from 1990 due to reduced
consumption of solid fuels and biomass and at the same time an increase in consumption and
gaseous and liquid fuels. The trend of PM 2,5 has several peaks and peaks between 1990 and
2016. The huge decrease between 1991 and 1994 is due to the war on Croatian independence
(1991).— 1995), due to lower fuel consumption and overall production reduction in almost all
sectors. In 1994, reconstruction of war-torn areas was started and emissions from the
manufacturing sector have increased and the trend towards 1999 has increased. The other trend
started in 2002, mainly due to increased asphalt activities of roads, quarries, construction, and
demolition, cement and production of inorganic products (such as soot, ammonium phosphate,
urea and NPK fertilisers).Asphalting
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roads experienced a sharp increase in 2002, mainly due to the start of construction of the longest
highway in Croatia “A1” (Dalmatia) from Zagreb to Dubrovnik (total length is 456 km).The
economic crisis, which has been the most affected by the construction sector in Croatia, has
helped to reduce emissions of PM ^ 5 from 2007. The notable reduction since 2005 is the result of
the gradual substitution of a certain percentage of traditional domestic ovens and manual boilers
with advanced/labelled ovens, boilers and pellet stoves.
PM 10
The total of PM 10 emissions was 27,8 KT in 2016. Emissions decreased by 45.8 % compared
to 1990 and increased by 0.2 % compared to 2015. The energy sector is the largest source of PM
10 emissions, contributing 72.9 % of the total national emission in 2016. The small scale of the
combustion of biomass in the household is key sources of PM 10 emission, contributing 60.7 %
of the total national emission in 2016. The turnover sector, which contributes to a lesser extent
(8 % in 2016), represents an increase of 17.3 % compared to 1990. Road transport is dominated
by PM 10 emissions from the transport sector, with emissions equal to emissions from fuel
combustion and fugitive emissions from road consumption and tyre and brake wear; The
manufacturing processes and the use of products represent another largest emitter of PM 10
emissions (18.6 % in 2016).The sector has seen a sharp increase (by 26.7 %) since 1990.
Agricultural is also a source of PM 10 emissions, contributing 8.5 % of Croatia’s total national
emission in 2016. Manure management contributes 4.5 % and production of crops and agricultural
soils with 4.5 %.Emissions from the agricultural sector decreased compared to 1990 (by around
50 %), due to decline in animal numbers and a decrease in crop production. Combustion in
industry and construction contributes to an overall national emission from 1,8 % in 2016 and
between and the period since 1990, this sector has significantly reduced PM 10 by 84.8 % due to
the decrease in the consumption of solid fuels and biomass and the parallel increase in
consumption and gaseous and liquid fuels. The trend of PM 10 has several peaks and peaks
between 1990 and 2016. The huge decrease between 1991 and 1994 was due to the war on
Croatian independence (1991-1995), due to lower fuel consumption and overall production
reduction in almost all sectors. In 1994, reconstruction of war-torn areas was started and
emissions from the manufacturing sector have increased and the trend towards 1999 has
increased. The other trend started in 2002, mainly due to increased asphalt activities of roads,
quarries, construction, and demolition, cement and production of inorganic products (such as soot,
ammonium phosphate, urea and NPK fertilisers).Road asphalting has seen a sharp increase in
2002 mainly due to the start of construction of the longest motorway in Croatia “A1” (Dalmatia)
from Zagreb to Dubrovnik (total length is 456 km).The economic crisis, most affected by the
construction sector in Croatia, has helped to reduce PM 10 emissions since 2008. The notable
reduction since 2005 is the result of the gradual substitution of a certain percentage of traditional
domestic ovens and manual boilers with advanced/labelled ovens, boilers and pellet stoves.
Provide full
reference (chapter,
page) to support
publicly available
datasets (e.g.
historical reporting
on emission
inventory) (M):
REPORT ON THE BUDGET FOR EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS INTO THE AIR IN THE
REPUBLIC OF CROATIA 2018 (1990.— 2016), Chapter III — pollutant emission trends (p. 80-104)
Link HAOP: http: //www.haop.hr/hr/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u-zrak-na-podrucju- republik-Croatiato-Vcisupoh-stva
Link ESC: http: //www.ceip.at/ms/ceip home1/ceip down/status reportins/2018 submissions
Portal of spatial distribution of emissions The Emission Register for small and diffuse sources, as well as any movable ones, and
stationary emission sources per zone (whole of Croatia) and agglomerations (Zagreb,
Rijeka, Split and Osijek) and for the town of Slavonski Brod separately. Variable pollutant emissions assigned to the EMEP network
resolutions of 0,1x0,1° long-olate (approximately 10 × 10 km) for the whole
territory of the Republic of Croatia and, for agglomerations at 0.5 km × 0.5 km,
including the town of Slavonski Brod. Link HAOP:https: //emep.haop.hr/
Include graphical
illustrations of
emissions reduction per
pollutant
Graphs below illustrate the annual emissions of the six main air pollutants in Croatia from 1990
until 2016. SOx emissions have the most pronounced decreasing trend, followed by NOx, non-
methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and ammonia (NH 3), all of which are precursors
in the creation of O3. More serious pollutants in Europe in terms of harmfulness
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substances and/or by
key sectors.
2 (kt/year) and percentage share per sector and changes of 2 SO emissions
(source: Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air
from the Republic of Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))
NOx emissions (kt/year) and percentage terms per sector and NOx emissions changes
(source: Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air from the Republic of
Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))
human Health is PM, 2 and ground floor 3.The most important effects of air pollution on
national ecosystems are eutrophication, acidification and damage to vegetation arising from
exposure to O 3.As the sulphur emissions are reduced, the emissions of NH 3 from agricultural
activity and NOx from the combustion process have become dominant in terms of acidification
and eutrophication of the ecosystem.
Emissions of NH 3 (kt/a) and percentage share by sector and changes in NH 3 emissions _______
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(source: Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air from the
Republic of Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))
NMVOC emissions (kt/a) and percentage terms per sector and changes in NMVOC emissions
(source: Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air from the
Republic of Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))
PM2,5 (kt/a) and percentage share per sector and changes in PM2,5 emissions
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1990
2016
I T ;
A : R EF . :
A
2
1 A3 A
2
(source: Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air from the Republic of
Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))
emissions of PMtar (kt/year) and percentage terms per sector and changes in PMio emissions
(source: Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air from the Republic of
Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))
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3.2 Progress’s improvements in improving the QUALITY OF THE JOBS QUALITY AND
CLEARANCE BY COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL OBLIGATIONS AND THE EU
OBLIGATIONS
According to the report: “The First Clean Air Outlook13 ” is a major environmental and health problem in the
EU.Many European cities have problems with poor air quality and go beyond the EU air quality standards
Directive 2008/50/EC,14 and further exceed the guidelines recommended by the World Health Organisation
(WHO).The European Environment Agency has estimated that around 400.000 people have died prematurely
in the EU in 2015 due to air pollution15.
EU — air policy review for the period 2011-2013 led to the Clean Air Policy Package in December
201316.The package contained the Clean Air Programme for Europe 17 and three legal proposals, for the
control of emissions from the Middle combustion plants, adopted as Directive (EU) 2015/2193 (‘MCPD’)18;
Ratifying the 2012 amendments to the GP, which determines the 2020 emission reduction, was adopted as
Council Decision (EU) 2017/175719; and for setting new national reduction commitments for 2030 in the new
Directive on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, adopted as NEC Directive 20
The Programme has proposed, among other things, regular reporting on the state of air quality in Europe,
encompassing the prospects of reducing emissions and progress towards the objectives of the EU.Following
the adoption of the NEC Directive in December 2016, an updated analytical base was updated and the first
“Clean Air Outlook” was prepared to address this and to provide the context for Member States’ work in
developing the National Air Pollution Control Programmes to be submitted to the Commission based on NEC
of the Directive by 1 April 2019.
The First Clean Air Outlook gives an overview of the state of play of current air emissions and air quality. It is
stated that in the 21th century the EU continued its trend towards reducing major air pollutants in the EU
despite economic growth. In general, over the period 2000. In 2015, overall EU GDP grew by 32 %, while
emissions of major air pollutants have decreased by between 10 % (for ammonia — NH 3) and 70 % (for
sulphur oxides — SOx).However, there are still major problems in the EU for air quality beyond air pollutant
limit values. For 2015, up to 20 % of the EU-28’s urban population was exposed to levels above the daily
particulate matter (PM 10) limit. For fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), up to 8 % of the urban population was
exposed to concentrations above the limit value 25 pg/m 3 and more than 82 % in levels above much more
stringent WHO values of 10 pg/m 3.In the case of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), the annual limit value remains far
exceeded across Europe, with concentrations above identical EU and WHO borders in 22 Member States,
which account for up to 9 % of the urban population. For ground-level ozone, 18 Member States have
registered concentrations above the target values, and up to 30 % of the EU urban population lived in areas
where the target value was exceeded and more than 95 % were living in areas where stricter WHO guidelines
were exceeded21.It also states that there are currently 30 procedures for breach of the provisions of Directive
2008/50/EC by the Member States, 16 for exceeding the PM 10 limit values, 13 for exceeding the NO 2 limit
values and one for exceeding the limit values of SO 2.
While emissions of all pollutants have been reduced, looking at their generation history of 1990, at source, the
concentrations of air pollutants have not been reduced enough in recent years. Both in most European cities
and in Croatia the highest number of people live in cities in which air quality standards go beyond. The most
frequent exceedances are for ozone (O 3), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and fine particulate matter (PM), but also
benzo (a) pyrene in particulate PM 10 (BaP in PM 10).Emissions, which have an impact on environmental
13 COM (2018) 446 final 14 OJ L 152, 11.06.2008, p. 1-44 15 European Enviroment Agency (EEA), October 2017, ‘Air quality in Europe — 2017 report’ 16 ENG.Clean Air Policy Package (see:Http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/clean_air/review.htm) 17 COM (2013) 918 finalClean Air Programme for Europe) 18 medium Combustion Plants Directive, OJ L 313, 28.11.2015, p. 1-19 (Directive EU 2015/2193 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from medium combustion plants (OJ L 313, 25.(11.2015) 19 OJ L 248, 27.9.2017, p. 3-75 20 OJ L 344 of 17.12.2016, p. 1. 21 European Environment Agency (EEA), October 2017, ‘Air quality in Europe — 2017 report’
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pollution but also recording a decrease in the historical trend even in part of when air quality in Croatia is
monitored, do not, however, result in a linear fall in local pollution concentrations.
The EU Air Quality Directive, i.e. the CAFE Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe, entered into force on 11 June 2008.[OJ L 152,
11.62008].The Croatian legislation has been implemented through the Air Protection Act, the Air Pollutants
Levels Regulation (NN No 117/12) and the Rules on Air Quality Monitoring (NN No 79/17).
The CAFE is included in the Directive for which air quality assessment (Article 4, Chapter II, Section 1 and
Section 2) is carried out:
- sulphur dioxide,
- nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides,
- Particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2, 5),
- lead;
- benzene,
- carbon monoxide and
- ground-level ozone.
In addition to CAFE Directive, Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council is in
force in respect of:
- arsenic,
- cadmium;
- mercury; and
- benzo (a) pyrene (as indicator for contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons).
Article 19(1) of the TFEU provides: The ZOZZ air quality assessment (assessment) shall be carried out for the
following substances:
- sulphur dioxide,
- nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides,
- Particulate Matter (PM 10, PM 2, 5,),
- lead;
- benzene,
- carbon monoxide,
- ground-level ozone
- arsenic,
- cadmium;
- mercury;
- nickel and
- benzo (a) pyrene.
Air quality assessment and modelling for the purpose of the assessment referred to in Article 19— 22 and the
notification referred to in Article 120 in the territory of the Republic of Croatia in accordance with Article
6(3).The ZOZZ is carried out by the Ministry, and is provided by the Ministry.
Air quality monitoring, monitoring of emissions of pollutants into the air from stationary sources, checking the
regularity of a measuring system for continuous measurement of the emissions from stationary sources and
monitoring of the quality of the products under Article 6(4) are carried out by legal persons — test
laboratories. Some of the conditions laid down by the legal person for the provision of air quality monitoring
activities are:
- that it has a means of measurement equipment to carry out air quality monitoring operations under the
reference measurement methods laid down in the Rules on air quality monitoring and that they are
accredited to the harmonised standard for testing and calibration laboratories for each reference
method of measurement in particular, that is, the certification of the reference laboratory for the
quality assurance of the measurement and quality of air for each reference method of measurement
(Article 55(1) (4)ZZZ).
- if using other measurement methods for which reference methods are provided by the Ordinance on Air
Quality Monitoring, a juridical person must be accredited in accordance with the requirement of the
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harmonised standard for testing and calibration laboratories or have confirmation from the reference
laboratory of measurement quality assurance and data for each measurement method and also have
confirmation from the reference laboratory that equivalence tests have been carried out using other
measurement methods with the reference methods according to the standards of the European
Commission (Article 55(2)ZZZ).
- if, for other measurement methods for which the reference methods of the Ordinance on air quality
monitoring are not used by the Ordinance on monitoring of air quality, a legal person must be accredited
in accordance with the requirement of a harmonised standard for testing and calibration laboratories for
those methods (Article 55(3)ZZZ).
The activity quality assurance activities in the air quality in the Republic of Croatia shall be performed by the
reference laboratory (Article 60(1)ZZZ).The reference laboratory shall issue a certificate to test laboratories
for ensuring the quality of measurements and air quality data for each measurement method based, in particular,
on the verification of the measurement traceability (Article 60(3)).For the reference laboratory to participate in
international reference laboratory proficiency tests and to cooperate with Member States, the EU and the
European Commission to ensure comparability and quality of measurements shall be made available by the
Ministry (Article 62(1)).One of the conditions laid down by a legal person for carrying out air quality assurance
activities and air quality assurance activities shall be:
- the harmonised standard for testing and calibration laboratories is accredited according to the
requirement of one or more reference measurement methods prescribed by the Air Quality Monitoring
Regulation.
In accordance with Article 23CAFE Directive and Article 46ZZZ, if, in certain zones or agglomerations, air
pollutants are exceeded any limit value or target value and any margin of tolerance in each of these cases,
Member States shall ensure that air quality plans are drawn up for those zones and agglomerations in
order to achieve the relevant limit value or target value as specified in Annexes XI and XIV to the CAFE directive.
In the event of exceedances of those limit values for which the attainment deadline is already expired, the air
quality plans shall set out appropriate measures, so that the exceedance period can be kept as short as possible.
The air quality plans may additionally include specific measures aiming at the protection of sensitive population
groups, including children. These plans for air quality shall contain at least the information set out in Section A of
Annex XV.CAFE Directive and Article 46(3) ZZZ, which may include measures pursuant to Article 24. CAFE
Directive, i.e. Article 47(4)ZZZ.Those plans shall be communicated to the Commission without delay, but no later
than two years after the end of the year the first exceedance was observed. Where air quality plans must be
prepared or implemented in respect of several pollutants, Member States shall, where appropriate, prepare and
implement integrated air quality plans covering all pollutants concerned. Member States shall, to the extent
feasible, ensure consistency with other plans required under Directive 2001/80/EC, Directive 2001/81/EC or
Directive 2002/49/EC in order to achieve the relevant environmental objectives.
According to CAFE Directive, EU Member States are required to reduce the exposure of the population
to particulate PM 2,5 population and the targets are set at national level and are based on the average exposure
indicator (PPI).The PPI shall be set as the mean concentration of PM 2,5 on the basis of measurements over a
period of 3 years at selected control stations in agglomerations and larger urban areas, located in urban
background areas to best assess PM 2,5 exposure towards the general population.
An Assessment of Air Quality in the territory of the State and the application of Appendix XIV of the new
Directive on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe 2008/50/EC 24 was drawn up in 2010, which was the
base year for calculating the TAD (http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka? ID = 30810).The Treaty of Accession of the
EU, defined in 2015 as the base year for calculating the PPI as being the average of the measured values of PM 2,5,
has been formally set in as the average for the calculation of the TAD, which amounts to 20,6 pg/m in 3.
The document proposed a measurement programme of PM 2,5 with the aim of reducing national exposure to four
city background sites in Zagreb, Rijeka, Split and Osijek and a rural background location. The proposed
measurement programme has been implemented through the Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for
the concentration of individual air pollutants and the location of measuring stations in the national air quality
monitoring network (NN No 65/16).
The four locations in the agglomerations necessary for the calculation of the PPI are:
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- Agglomeration HR: Location of the Zagreb, Kaverska Road for PPI PM 2, 5,
- Agerauia EN RI: The location of Rij eka-2 for TAD PM 2, 5,
- Agglomerules a HR ST: Location for the TAD PMPM 2, 5,
- For agglomeration HR OS: Location for PPI PM 2, 5
At the CHAGREB PPI ‘PM 2,5 ’ location, the PM 2,5 measurement has been carried out since 2005, while the
measurements on Rijeka-2 for HPM2,5 started in 13.5.2015. The programme for measuring air pollution in the
state network for continuous monitoring of air quality (NN No 73/16) for measurements at Split and Osijek
stations shall start by 31 December 2019 at the latest.
In 2016, a study on how to achieve a targeted reduction of exposures at national level on the basis of the average
exposure to PM 2,5 for 2015 (http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30809), which illustrates the analysis of the
exposure is at the heart of the time available at the time of: ‘Kaverska Road for PPI M2 , 5 ‘(urban area) and
‘Plitvice Lakes’ (rural area — National Park).
According to the detailed report, the AEI PM 2,5 for the year 2020 is 16,4 pg/m 3.If this is done, this
would mean that the target for reducing exposure at national level from 20 % will not be reached.
Based on measurements at ZAGREB PPI ‘PM 2,5 — Kaverska Road ’, a high degree of seasonality is set
up to the concentrations with elevated levels during cold and low levels during the warm part of the
year. The production results of the rural background station of the Plitvice Lakes show that there is no
seasonal trend of PM in 2,5.The chemical composition analysis of PM 2,5 shows the variability of the
anions, cations and organic and inorganic carbon concentrations as a result of the contribution of
multiple sources of pollution, remote transportation, physical and chemical properties of measured
pollution as well as meteorological parameters. Combustion processes of fossil fuels and biomass,
transport, re-suspension of plots, secondary aerosols and remote transport can be the most significant
sources.
The teaching Table 2.4.2 gives an overview of the progress in improving air quality achieved through an existing
PAM and the degree of alignment with EU and national commitments (M)
2.4.2Progress in improving air quality achieved through an existing PAM and the degree of harmonisation
with national commitments and commitments by the EU (M): Describe the progress
made with the current
PAM’s in
improvement
The sites and the programme for measurement in the national air quality monitoring network
are laid down in the Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for the concentrations of
individual air pollutants and the location of measurement stations in the national monitoring
network on a permanent basis. 24 Assessment of ambient air quality in the territory of the State and application of Appendix xiv of the new Directive on ambient air and cleaner air for Europe 2008/50/EC, contracting entity, Author: K. Šaga, Zagreb, February 2010 25 A detailed report on how to achieve a targeted reduction of exposure at national level based on the average exposure to PM2,5 for the year 2015, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Medicine, Zagreb, October 2016.
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The air quality and
the
state of compliance
with national
legislation and
EU legislation, the
minimum
indication of the
number of Air
Quality
Zones
(AQ zones) of the
total number of air
quality zones
(i) that (s) are in
conformity with the
EU for the NO 2
air quality
objectives, PM 10,
PM2,5 and O 3, and
any
other
pollutant (s) for
which
there is an overrun
(M):
air quality (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 65/16) and
the Programme on the measurement of air pollution in the state network for permanent
monitoring of air quality (NN No 73/16).
Previously the Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for monitoring
concentrations of individual air pollutants and location of measuring stations in the national
air quality monitoring network (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of
Croatia) No 22/14) and the accompanying programme to measure the level of air pollution in
the State network for continuous monitoring of air quality (NN No 103/14) have been in
force.117/14).
The progress made by the current PAM in improving air quality and the degree of
compliance with national and EU legislation is shown by examining the monitoring of air
quality in 2013.(when Croatia joined the EU) and in 2016 (last available annual report).
A list of monitoring sites for the assessment of contamination (conformity) of the zones and
agglomerations (the colours indicate that the data coverage in 2013 is met):
(source: Annual Air Quality Monitoring Report on the Republic of Croatia 2013,
HAOP, December 2014)
ZONE ACLOMEKACJIA
MEASURING LOCATION
CLASSIFICATION OF THE
MEASURING MEASURES
A CONTAMINATING AGENT
MK 1
nant nt rural background Ou PM.r, PML.
IVvltKK rural Oil/Rail background THEY COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS SET OUT IN ANNEX II TO THE EEA AGREEMENT. Varaždin suburban a. st >
IIA 2
Slavonski Brod 1 < 0 < X ‘urban background’
RELATING TO «: 50Note Lo'Ma —
Sisak *! mdisgonnka IVn/RN l’M 'BaPi odi PAH
in PMU, Ir4ki metals (Rv
Ni, CII A *)
Kutina-) PT (city entry bar; 0 > VG *
adk-eye Through PMI.
EN 1 Hhtakaj ftfinm birth: < n/jiin «ki D 'Mi; Pz, kvnufvkl.tailzv
CM.-.
L ′ K rural background 0 Karlovac suburban O *.BUT;
EN 4 Veintan rural Celery PM’ L * ula KkJtinia suburban Ot, NO
IIA) HUM (storm Vu) rural background O’ Tjtukoi j (Dulmnniil principle «L, and O; BUT: PM.s. PM '•
HR 7-G 7aj (W, Fit, v I fine "net
Ni-h. PMR, I amIn * T l Other AL in PM * H *
lvo metals 1 1 NL Cd
Zitvb.et urban puraitki/pngrjHlnka (Os)
(K Noi.‘ M’ Mal in PM of
1
H2C Large * Uo (U4 urban
background ′ pnurban to 1 Vh, Nlk l Mi —
Zegrb m PM2-3 —
kavavka orsta urban background 11 * 1 PMxv kmn ^ kl s *
ative.
MR HKOS Um is a barbs 1 prostate'clock’ C >.New lHmile. (iv) PMU.
HR Kl Rivkk-2 urban background 'ppciurban HM
Ot. OT.SCK NO Hand PM.v 1 \:
HR ST Splli-1
the city of the head background 'pic (OT) background
OV! CK NO/, FM * UM: .
Kaiarl Suan Urm prielhioditk * SOI; NO.
red rme pxl.it ‘HRK’
N * l ‘t’ > and m, entry barr RMI pmbri — workvlivn Coverage
Blue. ‘Vaport per * tuyi > but mjr ihudt
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A list of monitoring sites for the assessment of contamination (conformity) of the zones and
agglomerations (the colours indicate that the data coverage in 2016 is met):
red mirti
green measurement data data is satisfied
blue measuring subatomic, but n * is assigned to coverage;
(source: Annual report on monitoring air quality in Croatia for 2016, HOP, November 2017)
An overview of exceedances for the period 2013-2016 is given in the following days, based
on the data published in the Annual Air Quality Monitoring Reports in the Republic of
Croatia, which is available athttp: //iszz. ‘htm = 0 & t = 0.
Exceedances in zones/agglomerations determined on the basis of a combination of analysis
of the results of measurements and an objective estimation in the period 2013-2016 is as
follows:
/ONO AGGLOMERATION
MEASURING LOCATION
UA9FKACIIA MEASURING
MJ5TA ONBClyou £U in place in
place; in: rVAK
HHO
/iipik-l rricMirtiu
IT; PM, c entity
T, and Pau (Hang. Mr ItbF.Bir.
Hki. HbhA) in PM, * HIE
s * ki Metals (l * b. ni, Cd, A”. in: PM
/A & eth-I Name and address of the Member State in the Member States of the Member States of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 for the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Parliament and of the COUNCIL OF 17
DECEMBER 2013 FOR THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND
OF THE COUNCIL OF 17
DECEMBER 2013 for the
1. However ^ PM<; Iki-Pol
PAL’ (HAARU.HM, HjF.F kf. IN *, L > But A) ulas, HL′ tS-evt
The effigy of the Concone jucadlui jhiziinvkapr ig/andska entry bar; 0, entry into the bar on bards;
LI; NO PM,
Zagreb PM JGLS Library of onta urban background
(these L′ M• The chemical
composition of PMGA (U, NO
1. f £K!.Na’.MHT, IC *.Mg of
2 ‘s
^ HBC * OC)
HR AXIS Oijd'l traffic OJ: No: ; LVN; PM,
EN Rl Riiek-2 urban Badger. *, ilin”.KA jttImgrave-, L >, J
A. the OjJ SOii NO; PM, IN PVC.
FM Splil-t
urban second place of arrival in the Member States of the Member States concerned at the time of their town or city bar; 0 >:
Oii strain) NO.PM, PV ^,
The sui urai; adska background LN,
EN 1
Knsf/you it rural background CPM (.c) AND
rural (OjRurasuna ptvardska NQl PMM TRACKSUITS Varaždin suburban
HR2
51h 0 * ki bmd-1 town LO “ljel (nul” ia
Liudine” Mr SOtfPM, 3
SisAes-1
‘12nzcn’;PMI’; Bo!’ and PAU
JlIANang, Hl * I II) E, HU, JP. 1 korA
Kutina-1 suburban (Oob 'urban)
background OJ: Stroke ThA
EN 3 L’Uttfka JW * i4 rural background
PM: Chemical composition
PAMA (Cl, NO *, 5 * V, Na, *,
NH/, K ′.M * *’ 1 Ca ^ ^
HBC OC) ‘• *• * * rural background
‘Carhunting at’ suburban OJ,
EN 4 Vvet entry bar; ai ^ _ rural background PM. I’UAJ F, paved suburban O; HOWEVER,
EN 3 HUM (Vins Island rural administrations
/.irkiiv a (Dubrovnik) suburban O; However *, PM (i) l M. and I from L-Viul.l
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The overrun of 2 was only recorded in the agglomeration of Zagreb (HR
ZG).Exceedance of benzene in the Industrial Zone only (HR 2).
Exceedances of benzo (a) pyrene have been recorded in the agglomeration of
Zagreb (HR ZG) and the Industrial Zone (HR 2).
Compliance for zones/agglomerations has not been assessed if there was no
measurement or in turn the coverage of the data was below 85 %.Moreover, the
modelling data could not be used for the conformity assessment of PM 10 and PM 2
as contamination levels in all zones and agglomerations were higher than the
assessment floor (DPP).Also, modelling data could not be used to assess ozone
compatibility in zones and agglomerations, given that levels of contamination in all
zones and agglomerations are higher than the long-term objective (DC).
not evaluated
The difference in the number of exceedances for ground-level ozone in 2013 and in
2016 results from the availability of data rather than a change in the level of
pollution. Ozone contamination by ground-level ozone is subject to a natural
interannual variation, as demonstrated by the situation in the Zagreb
agglomeration (HR ZG) and Rijeka (HR RI).As can be expected in rural areas of
coastal and coastal Croatia, i.e. zones HR 3, HR 4 and HR 5, the problem of ozone
pollution is more pronounced in agglomerations.
Non-compliant
NO 2 benzene
AB
OU
T 3
PM! 0 PM 2.5 BaP in PM
and 0 2013 0 0 1 3 1 0 2014 0 0 2 3 0 2 2015 1 1 6 3 1 2 2016 1 0 5 3 2 2
The table table shows the number of compliant zones/agglomerates;
Compliant NO 2 benzen
e AB
OUT 3
PM! 0 PM 2.5 BaP in PM
and 0 2013 8 8 2 1 1 6
2014 9 8 4 3 3 4
2015 8 8 2 6 8 4
2016 8 8 3 6 6 4
The table table shows the number of non-evaluated zones/Sons cjj of:
Not assessed NO 2 benzene ABOU
T 3
PM! 0 PM 2.5 BaP in PM
and 0 2013 1 1 6 5 7 3
2014 0 1 3 3 6 3
2015 0 0 1 0 0 3
2016 0 1 1 0 1 3
The assessment of compliance for each of the zones/agglomerations for
ground-level ozone in 2013 2016 is presented in the following table: ____
2013 2014 2015 2016
HR ZG
RI
HR ST
HR AXIS
EN 1
EN 2
EN 3
EN 4
EN 5
Marks: compliant
non-compliant
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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Provide full reference
(chapter, page) to
support publicly
available data sets
(e.g. Air Quality
Plans, quantitatively
quantified
contributions —
source distribution)
(M):
A more detailed overview of the exceedance in zones/agglomerations in 2013-2016 days is
made in tabular format:
Zone/agglomeration a Measurement NO 2 benzene ABOU
T 3 PM! 0 PM
2.5 BaP in PM! 0
HR ZG
Zagreb 1 2013 NP 2015 2016
2016
2013 2014 2015 2016
2015 2016
Zagreb 3
2013 2014 2015 2016
2014 2015 2016
Velika Gorica * 2015 2016
HR AXIS PO 1
2013 2014 2015 2016
RI Rijeka-2 2013
2015
EN 1 Desinić 2015
2016
EN 2
Slavonski Bro-1
2013 2014 2015 2016
Sisak-1
2015
2013 2014 2015 2016
2014 2015 2016
Kutina-1
2013 NP 2014 2015 2016
EN 3 Party 2014
2015 2016
EN 4 Pula Fižela * 2015
2016
EN 5
HUM (island of Vis)
2013 NP 2014 2015 2016
Spinous spider crab (Dubrovnik)
2013 NP 2015 2016
N.B.
* Measuring stations that are not an integral part of the government network but are used for the purpose of
data exchange until the establishment of new nationwide stations of the NP is not satisfied by the coverage of
data;
All information related to air quality monitoring and air quality action plans are publicly
available on the HATP sites: http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html
AIR QUALITY REPORTING
The Republic of Croatia joined the Republic of Croatia to provide the European Commission
with information/data on air quality. For this reason, the HAOP developed in 2014 a ‘Air
Quality in the Republic of Croatia’ portal and delivered air quality data to the European
Commission through the portal of 2014 (data for 2013), thus fulfilling all of the air quality
reporting obligations required by the IPR Implementing Decision.
This provides all relevant air quality data/information:
- Information on zones and agglomerations (B),
- Information on the assessment system (C),
- Data relating to networks and stations (target data) (D),
- Original and validated data (E),
- Evaluation of contamination by exceedances of limit and target values (G),
- Information on air quality plans (H),
- Source distribution information (I), ______________________________________
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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- Information on the scenario of the achievement of (J); - Information about air quality measures (K).
Under IPA 2013 ‘Strengthening inspection of the environment for effective control of air
quality monitoring and the greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme, in order to achieve better
air quality in the Republic of Croatia’, an analysis of the status of air quality reporting has been
carried out and concluded that the EC data exchange is taking place in a satisfactory manner
and according to a scheduled timetable.
Information plans submitted to the European Commission:
In 2015, the following action plans were submitted to the Commission for exceedances in 2013: - Action plan for the improvement of air quality in the City of Zagreb — for exceedances of PM
10 PM - Action plan to reduce the PM 10 concentration in the city of Sisak — for exceedance of PM 10
PM - Action plan to reduce PM 10 emissions from Grad Kutini — for exceedances of PM 10 PM - Action plan on particulate pollution (PM 10) for the city of Osians — for exceedances of PM 10
PM - The action plan to reduce ozone ozone in the City of Rijeka was provided with measures to
reduce ozone ozone pollution at the City of Rijeka (ZZZ for the overshooting of floor ozone)
requires the development and adoption of an Action Plan, and in accordance with Directive
2008/50/EU for exceeding this CV, the compulsory notification of action is only required.
In 2016, information was provided on the implementation of the action plans for exceedances
in 2014. Reporting on the implementation of the action plans shall be reported in such a way
that information already sent is updated as necessary on an annual basis. In 2016, for
exceedances in 2014, the information provided in: - Action Plan for the Improvement of Air Quality in the City of Zagreb area — for exceedances
of CV BaP in PM 10.
All the current action plans drawn up can be found on the Air Quality Portal in Croatia on the
HAOP website at http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/godizvrpt.htm?pid=0&t=4.
All the information on the action plans submitted by the EC is publicly available and also
included in the Air Quality in the Republic of Croatia website on the HATP website (for
reporting years): - Information on air quality plans (H):Http: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/hPlan.htm, - Source distribution information (I):Http:
//iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/iSourceAppointment.htm, - Information about the achievement year scenario (J):Http: //iszz.
azo.hr/iskzl/jEvaluation. HTM. - Information about air quality measures (K): http: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/kMeasure.htm.
In 2017, the information was provided on the Action Plan for the City of Slavonski Brod for
overruns PM 2,5 in 2013, which was adopted in 2016. - Air quality improvement action plan for Slavonski Brod
Include maps of
current ambient
concentrations (at least
for the following
pollutants: No 2, PM 10,
PM 2.5 and O 3 as well
as other AMAQD
pollutants representing
a problem) and which
Maps SO 2, NO 2, PM 10, PM 2,5, O 3, heavy metals and B (a) P for the period 2001— 2015 is
given in: Objective evaluation of air quality in the Republic of Croatia’s zones 2016 (DHMH,
Zagreb, September 2017) available at:http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=69590.
An objective assessment of the air quality shall be carried out for all areas (zones) where air
quality measurements are not made, measurements shall be made with either non-standardised
methods or by a standardised method for which equivalence tests with the reference method
have not been carried out, but only where the concentration levels of the pollutants are lower
than the lower end of the assessment floor (DPP) or long-term objective (DC) in accordance
with Articles 6 and 9. Directives 2008/50/EK.
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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they show, for
example, the
number of zones, out
of the total number
of air quality zones,
which are (are) (not)
in the base year and
reporting year:
2 isp
The results were obtained using the latest version of the EMU of the model in 2016. A spatial
meter model of 50 km × 50 km has been used and is designed primarily to assess the impact of
the regional and remote transfer of pollutants. The model is not fine enough to estimate the
amount of concentrations in cases where the sources of local pollution are dominated.
Modelling in standard resolution (0,1° x 0,1°) at national level and at AQ area and
agglomeration not yet implemented.
The maps for 2015 are shown below.
SO 2
The modelled values of the 2 SO concentrations are less than 2 pg/m 3 in the larger territory of
Croatia. Values in the range 2-10 pg/m 3 are in areas bordering Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)
(Republika Srpska) and the Republic of Serbia (RS), which is also expected in light of the high
point sources of emissions in these countries.
Throughout the Republic of Croatia, annual concentrations of SO 2 are below the value of the
lower assessment threshold (50 pg/m 3) with regard to human health and lower assessment
thresholds (8 pg/m 3) with regard to vegetation protection.
NO 2
No more than annual concentrations of NO 2 are in the vicinity of industrial sources, i.e. in
agglomerations. The estimated NO concentration values of NO 2 range from 2 to 10 pg/m 3,
which is below the lower assessment limit with regard to human health (26 pg/m 3) as well as a
floor of the assessment of the critical level of nitrogen oxides given the protection of
vegetation and natural ecosystems (19,5 pg/m 3).
Although dominant sources of nitrogen oxides are included in the emission data, the large
spatial scale of the model does not allow for precise determination of the concentration levels in
areas, where there is more pronounced individual or isolated sources of emissions of nitrogen
oxides (cementare, thermal power, refineries, etc.). _________________________________
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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PM 10
The annual concentrations of PM 10 range from 8-18 pg/m 3.The calculated concentration values
are below the lower assessment limit for human health (20 pg/m 3).The spatial distribution of the
concentrations of annual PM 10 concentrations varies from year to the year that is highly
dependent on the meteorological conditions. It can be observed that the maximum load on PM 10
in the zones HR01, HR04 and HR05 is slightly lower in the HR02 zone.
■ > •• and: P’.
A * 1A ■ •
CIT • • IO • £ * # • ” T 201S Ti “ t4 “▼ ^ + t4 • ”
4 t t • 19
* “. in .
^ INLINE 20.40
4 40-60
The modelled values PM 10 concentrations are comparable only with values measured at rural
stations and may be considered reliable within the limit of measurement uncertainty/modelling
for PM 10 (50 % uncertainty margin).A slightly higher deviation relative to the measured value
is obtained at the gauge mission, where average annual concentration values are 20,6 pg/m 3,
whereas the results of the budget are around 18 pg/m 3, which is nevertheless within the limits of
the acceptability of the model results.
PM 2.5
The modelled values, PM 2.5 concentrations range from 6-16 pg/m 3 and throughout the Republic
of Croatia below the assessment ceiling (16 pg/m 3).
Cregistrant 0 * 3
* “ and PM? j
′ t ′ 2015 O — > 2 • U 4 U * 16
4 * 4 • ‘6 • 4 > 5 • 20 ^ ‘ 4-20-40
4 40-60
At Konovum, the measured values of PM 2.5 are higher than the modelled values and indicate
the impact of a potential natural source of emissions.
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Ozone
Results from the budget of ozone concentrations show that the average daily ozone values of
ozone are high, and that there is a gradient of increase of concentrations going beyond the
mainland of Croatia to the Adriatic. Mean daily concentration values range from 60-100 pg/m 3,
which is comparable to the measurement values obtained.
Although there is a small trend of decreasing the median concentrations (mainly in the riparian
zones), the values do not change significantly from year to year.
Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg), and solid organic compounds (BaP)
Lead concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are comparable with measured values,
while benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) values are significantly underestimated. However, measurements
shall be carried out in the centres with the high influence of local sources, so that it is not
possible to reach a final court if the modelled values are indeed underestimated in the zones
where measurements have not been taken.
Spatial distribution of annual mean concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) and persistent
organic compounds (BaP)
The spatial criterion of the model is the largest barrier to making a final assessment.
However, taking into account the fact that B (a) is the highest in cities, urban
agglomerations and industrial centres, we estimate rural areas (zones).
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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Describe where
problems in the
area of air quality
are identified,
please describe how
progress has been
made in reducing
the maximum level
of maximum
concentrations:
HR01, HR03, HR04 and HR05) does not lead to exceedance of the target values of 1 ng/m of 3
for BaP.
There are changes in the pollution parameter during the period 2013-2016, based on data
provided by the EC.
PM 10 concentration
Exceedances on the ground occur only in the area of lowland continental Croatia. At
measurement stations which have been reported by exceedances, the number of daily
concentration exceedances is higher than permitted. Only one location (Kutiin-1) is the average
annual concentration that is larger than the GV.Measurements shall not indicate a decreasing
trend in the decrease of PM 10 annual concentrations or the number of exceedances of the daily
PM 10 concentration numbers than in most of the data points to the interannual variability as seen
in the following figures.
The location of the Zagreb -1 data point indicates the year-to-year variability of the annual
concentration and the number of exceedances occurring at the location (Zagreb — 1).
At the station of Zagreb -3 there is no more significant inter-annual variations in exceedance. In
this location the corrected measurement data of the non reference automatic method is presented
for 2013 and 2014, while for the years 2015 and 2016 the results of the corrected gravimetric
measurement presented. The corrected measurement data for the non-reference automatic
method at the station of Zagreb — 3 for the four years period indicate a significant interannual
variability not shown by the same sign as in Zagreb 1.
At Osite-1 location there is a very small change in the annual concentration and the exceedance
number has an interannual variability.
Sis-1 is all data related to gravimetric measurements. For the 2013-2016 period, the
measurement data of the non-reference automated method at sites of Osite-1 and Kutin-1 have
been corrected with corrective functions. For Ositd-1 the corrective functions from becoming
Zagreb 1 were used and for Kutin-1 the correction functions have been used with Sisak-1.
The data for Sisak-1 location show strong inter-annual variability, i.e. there is no clear trend.
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For the location of Kutina-1 the data shows a significant increase in the exceedance of the GV
during 2015 and 2016, and an excess over the GV for PM 10 annual concentrations.
PM 2.5 concentration
At the Slavonski Brodo-1 measurement site, reference is made to the extremely exceeding the
PM 2,5 limit values.The corrected automatic zero measurement data gives a somewhat higher
value than the measurement by the gravimetric method in years 2015 and 2016 as can be seen in
the figure below. PM 2.5 measurements which were started on the Velika Gorica site in May
2015 proved to be exceeded by the GV in 2016 and an action plan has yet to be drawn up for the
site.
Concentrations B (a) P to PM 10
Annual concentrations B (a) P at the sites of Zagreb — 1 and Sisak-1 show an increase from
2013 to 2015, followed by a decline in 2016. At the location in Zagreb, 3 measurements were
started in June 2014 and concentrations also show a decline in 2016. In the locations Zagreb —
1 and Sisak-1, the changes in annual concentration B (a) P to PM 10 do not follow the changes in
the annual PM 10 concentration.
No concentration of NO 2
However, 2 was exceeded by only one of the stations used for reporting to the European
Commission. The annual NO 2 concentration was above the limit at the station Zagreb — 1 in
2015 and 2016, while in 2014 the border was at the border (40 ones in the bar; ag/m 3).Due to
insufficient coverage of 2015 data, the mean annual NO concentration of the NO 2 shall not be
reported.On the plot shown, the concentration values show a small variation around the limit
value.
Benzene (C6H6)
Benzene is only exceeded by one of the stations used for reporting to the EC, i.e. Sisak-1. In all
years, the coverage was below 90 %.In 2016, due to too little coverage of the data (20 %) and
the mean annual concentration is not shown. In 2013 and 2015, the coverage of the data was
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86 % and in 2014 it was 81 %.Intermediate annual average benzene concentrations increased
significantly in 2015, the first and the only year with a return to benzene declaration.
Ozone (O 3)
In the period 2013-2016 there has been an increase in the number of measurement stations
where data on ground-level ozone have been exceeded. The maximum coverage of the data over
the four period of the period shall be measured in agglomerations of Rijeka and Zagreb, which
show a strong inter-annual variability of the exceedances for ground-level ozone. At rural
stations (Demić, Parg, Hum, Women’s crab), despite the coverage of less than 90 % in some
years, the number of gaps the CV exceeds the allowed number.
As seen in Figure, the number of exceedances of ozone is generated by a significant inter-annual
variability. The reported annual number of exceedances is also affected by the coverage of some
stations of less than 90 % during the summer period when any exceedances of targets occur. The
values of the triannual mean number of exceedance days CV is also affected by the coverage of
the data.
The coverage of rural stations data also affects the three-year average, as there is a possibility
that there may not be some exceedances. However, level of the ground surface
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ozone in summer in rural areas of continental Croatia (HR 1), particularly coastal Croatia (HR
3, HR 4, HR 5) is so high that even in cases where the coverage of the data is below 90 % in the
summer season, there are more than 25 gaps in the CV.
Describe where
appropriate the
current transboundary
impact of domestic
emission sources on
ambient air quality in
neighbouring Member
States (M):
SO 2 — S
3.3 CURRENT (CURRENT) CROSS-BORDER IMPACT OF DOMESTIC EMISSION SOURCES
This section provides information on the overall transboundary impact of national emissions on the other EU
members and vice versa.
Table 2.4.3 shows the current cross-border impact of domestic emission sources.
2.4.3Current cross-border impact of domestic emission sources (M, where applicable)
Each country contributes to cross border pollution, with the greatest impact on
neighbouring countries. Country-specific reports drawn up by the Norwegian
Meteorological Institute give an overview of the transboundary contamination of the main
pollutants, ozone and particulate matter and form an integral part of the EP “Status
Report”.The quantification of individual States’ contribution to transboundary pollution is
based on the original calculations, which are carried out using the EMEP of the uniform
model. The data input for the model shall be the emission data as well as meteorological
data and modelling results shall be reported, inter alia, for SO 2, NO x and NH 3.
Many countries contribute to the pollution in Croatia. In transboundary movements of
sulphur compounds and final settlement in the territory of the Republic of Croatia, the
neighbouring Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina has the largest contribution while Italy
is the largest contributor to pollution caused by nitrogen compounds (NO x, NH 3).
The share of cross-border precipitation in the total settlement indicates that almost all
settled NO X throughout its territory comes from outside the borders of Croatia. As regards
SO, the largest share of cross-border precipitation was recorded in eastern Croatia and
Dalmatia. Gorski Kotar and Dalmatia are areas where large cross-border contribution (90
and more) has been identified in the total NPH 3 deposition.
Where quantitative data
are used to describe the
result of the assessment,
provide the data and
methodologies used to
carry out the assessment
referred to above:
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512 kt/year
For a quantitative analysis, the report used is: Norwean Meteorological Institute: Transfers
by main pollutant (S, N, O 3) and PM Croatia, Croatia, 2014.
OX N
218
218 kt/year 91 %
9 %
240 kg/a
240 kt/year
ROW N
136 kt/year
204 kt/year
33 %
204 kt/year
272 kt/year
OX + RED N
422 kt/year
354 kt/year
80 %
20 %
444 kt/year
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4Provide for the assumption of a presumption of the NO BUDE
AMENDMENTS TO EVIĆ DONESED PAM
This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.5.‘revised further evolution’ change to already adopted policies
and measures’.
An overview of the level of ambition that Croatia can achieve is given with a view to improving the reduction
of air pollution.
The list and the description of the measures are based on the Implementation Report on the PAM programme
to reduce emissions and an increase in sinks of greenhouse gases (HATP, 2017), with the addition of
measures relating only to pollutant emissions and the removal of measures relating only to greenhouse gas
emissions.
PMH is subject to the following sectors:
• energy;
• turnover,
• manufacturing processes and product use,
• waste;
• agriculture;
• other (Inter-service) PAM.
The European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), as a common EU, is a supranational measure, is a cross-
cutting measure with other (cross-sectoral) PAM.
Table 4-1 presents an overview in Annex 1 to the Programme, the descriptions currently used and PAM, the
impact of which was integrated in the scenario with the existing measures (WM scenario).
By definition (Para 11, UNFCCC, 2016, quoted in EMU GB 2016):
- the measures applied are those for which:
a) the national legal framework was adopted;
b) Or one or more voluntary agreements is established;
c) Or the allocated financial resources are allocated;
d) Or the human resources are mobilised;
- the measures adopted are those for which formal national decisions are available and there is a
clear commitment to continue towards implementation.
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Table 4-1: Overview of the adopted and applied PAM whose impact was integrated in the scenario with the existing measures (WM scenario)
Name and short description (below
table) of the individual PAM or the PAM
package:
For which pollutant (s) the pollutant is
affected: SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, BC as a
component of PM2.5, other
(e.g. Hg, dioxins, GHG):
Objectives of the individual PAM or PAM:
Type (s) For
PAM:
Primary and, where
appropriate, secondary sector (s) affected:
Status (applied
/adopted):
Start the applicati
on of:
Application body (s) responsible for the
application: Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate
Type Name
MEN-1: National plan for
increasing the number of pre-
vo-zero energy buildings All pollutants, CO 2
improving the performance of
buildings, increasing renewable
energy
regulatory, economic, planning
energy consumption,
energy supply applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of Construction and Physical
Planning
MEN-2: Energy renovation
programme for multi-
residential buildings All pollutants, CO 2
improving the performance of
buildings, increasing renewable
energy economy energy consumption,
energy supply applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of Construction and Physical
Planning Environmental Protection and Energy
Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of
Science and Arts MEN-3: A programme to
increase energy efficiency and
use of renewable energy sources
in commercial non-residential
buildings
All pollutants, CO 2 improving the performance of
buildings, increasing renewable
energy economy energy consumption,
energy supply applied 2017 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy,
Ministry of Construction and Physical
Planning Environmental Protection and Energy
Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of
Science and Arts
MEN-4: Energy renovation
programme for family houses All pollutants, CO 2 improving the performance of
buildings, increasing renewable
energy economy energy consumption,
energy supply applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of Construction and Physical
Planning The Ministry of Regional Development and
EU Funds, Environmental Protection and Energy
Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of
Science and Arts
MEN-5: Energy renovation
programme for public buildings All pollutants, CO 2 improving the performance of
buildings, increasing renewable
energy economy energy consumption,
energy supply applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of Construction and Physical
Planning Environmental Protection and Energy
Efficiency Fund; Legal Transport and Mediation Agency
MEN-6: Public sector energy
governance All pollutants, CO 2 improving efficiency in
services/tertiary sector,
demand/reduction management
regulatory energy consumption applied 2014 National authorities Legal and real estate agency, National
Energy Efficiency Coordination Body
MEN-7: Energy consumption
measurement and information
statement All pollutants, CO 2 demand side
management/reduction regulatory, information energy consumption applied 2014 National
authorities Ministry of Environment and Energy,
Energy Distributors
MEN-8: Energy labelling of
household appliances All pollutants, CO 2 stage e Efficiency of devices regulatory, information energy consumption applied 2014 National
authorities Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
MEN-9: Eco-design of energy-
using products All pollutants, CO 2 stage e Efficiency of devices regulatory, information energy consumption applied 2013 National
authorities Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
MZOIP Air pollution control programme
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Name and short description (below
table) of the individual PAM or the PAM
package:
For which pollutant (s) the pollutant is
affected: SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, BC as
a component of PM2.5, other (e.g.
Hg, dioxins, GHG):
Objectives of the individual PAM or PAM:
Type (s) For PAM:
Primary and, where
appropriate, secondary sector (s) affected:
Status (applied
/adopted):
Start the
application of:
Application body (s) responsible for the application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate Type Name
MEN-10: Promoting energy efficiency and the implementation of measures through the energy services model
All pollutants, CO 2
the morbidity of buildings efficiency of buildings; improving efficiency in services/tertiary sector; efficiency improvement in the insd in end use branches
it energy consumption
applied 2007 National authorities
National Energy Efficiency Authority ESCO company
MEN-11: Energy poverty reduction programme
All pollutants, CO 2
heating of buildings efficiency of buildings; the morbidity of the device, demand side management/reduction
economic, regulatory
energy consumption
adopted 2017 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Demography, Family, Youth and Social Policy; Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts MEN-12: Energy
efficiency education All pollutants, CO 2 demand side management/reduction educators
energy consumption
applied 2012 National authorities
Croatian Employment Service; Agency for Vocational Education and Adult Education
MEN-13: National energy efficiency programme in public lighting
All pollutants, CO 2 improving efficiency in services/tertiary sector economy
energy consumption
applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, National Coordination Body for Energy Efficiency, Environmental and Energy Efficiency Fund and EU funds
MEN-14: Green public procurement
All pollutants, CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O
improving efficiency in services/tertiary sector, the morbidity of efficiency of appliances;
increasing renewable energy, improving
efficiency of vehicles
regulatory
energy consumption, supply energy, Transport
applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Entrepreneurship and Crafts; Central Government Office for Central Public Procurement; National Energy Efficiency Authority
MEN-15: Industry energy audits
All pollutants, CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O
efficiency gains in the industrial branch of end use, demand side management/reduction
regulatory, information
energy consumption, energy supply
applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Entrepreneurship and Crafts; Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts MEN-16: Industrial
Energy Efficiency Network (MIEE)
All pollutants, CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O
efficiency gains in the industrial branch of end use, demand side management/reduction
voluntary energy consumption, energy supply
applied 2008 National authorities
The Croatian Chamber of Commerce, National Energy Efficiency Authority Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts
MEN-17: Increasing the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency in the industrial sector
All pollutants, CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O
efficiency gains in the industrial branch of end use, demand/reduction management;
increasing renewable energy
economy energy consumption, energy supply
applied 2017 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, National Coordination Body for Energy Efficiency, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts
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Name and short description (below
table) of the individual PAM or the PAM
package:
For which pollutant (s) the pollutant is
affected: SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, BC as
a component of PM2.5, other (e.g.
Hg, dioxins, GHG):
Objectives of the individual PAM or PAM:
Type (s) For PAM:
Primary and, where
appropriate, secondary sector (s) affected:
Status (applied
/adopted):
Start the
application of:
Application body (s) responsible for the application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate Type Name
MEN-18: Feed-in-tariffs and premium schemes to support the use of renewable energy sources in electricity generation and for high-efficiency cogeneration
All pollutants, CO 2 increasing renewable
energy economic, regulatory
energy supply applied 2007 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Croatian Energy Market Operator
MEN-19: Energy efficiency programme in heating and cooling
All pollutants, CO 2
heating of buildings efficiency of buildings; reducing losses, improving efficiency in the energy sector and transformation
economic, regulatory, information
energy consumption, energy supply
adopted 2016 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning
MEN-20: Encouraging the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency via HBOR;
All pollutants, CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O
increasing renewable energy, improving efficiency in industrial sectors of end use
economy energy
consumption, energy supply
applied 2009 National authorities
Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development
MEN-21: Encouraging the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund
All pollutants, CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O
increase in renewable energy, morbidity of buildings, the morbidity of the device, improving efficiency in services/tertiary sector, efficiency gains in industrial sectors of end use; demand/reduction management; fuel efficiency of the vehicle, modal shift to public transport or non-motorised transport, alternative fuels/electric cars, demand/reduction management; improved behaviour
economic, regulatory
energy consumption, supply energy, Transport
applied 2004 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund
MEN-22: CO2 emission tax for stationary sources not in EU ETS
All pollutants, CO 2 increasing renewable energy, switch to less C-intensive fuels
tax energy consumption, energy supply
applied 2013 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Finance, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund
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Name and short description (below
table) of the individual PAM or the PAM
package:
For which pollutant (s) the pollutant is
affected: SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, BC as a
component of PM2.5, other
(e.g. Hg, dioxins, GHG):
Objectives of the individual PAM or PAM:
Type (s) For PAM:
Primary and, where
appropriate, secondary sector (s) affected:
Status (applied
/adopted):
Start the
application of:
Application body (s) responsible for the application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate Type Name
MEN-23: Revitalisation and
energy efficiency of existing
thermal plants and
hydroelectric power stations
All pollutants, CO 2
increasing renewable energy,
reducing losses, improving
efficiency in the energy sector and
transformation, installation of anti-pollution
techniques
voluntary, regulatory energy supply applied 2014 Others HEP-Generation d.o.o.
MEN-24: Reconstruction and
restoration of the spindle and
steam; All pollutants, CO 2 reducing losses, improving
efficiency in the energy sector and
transformation
regulatory, economy energy supply applied 2014 Others HEP-Toplinarstvo d.o.o.
MEN-25: Operation of the
electricity system and
development of the transmission
and distribution network
All pollutants, CO 2 increasing renewable energy,
reducing losses, improving
efficiency in the energy sector and
transformation
economic, regulatory energy supply applied 2014 Others Croatian Transmission System Operator,
General Distribution System Operator
MEN-26: Reduction in VOC
emissions from petrol loading
motor vehicles at service
stations
NMVOC, CO 2 reduction of losses, installation of
techniques to reduce pollution economic, regulatory
Energy, fugitive
emissions (fugitive); applied 2012 National authorities
Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
MEN-27: Reduction of
emissions of volatile organic
compounds due to the storage
and distribution of petrol
NMVOC, CO 2 reduction of losses, installation of
techniques to reduce pollution economic, regulatory
Energy, fugitive
emissions applied 2007 National authorities
Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
MEN-28: Quality control of
petroleum derived fuels SO 2, NMVOC other energy supply economic,
regulatory energy applied 2002 National authorities
Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
MEN-29: Limitation of
pollutant emissions from non-
road mobile machinery Co, VOC, NOx, PM 25, PM 10 installation of anti-pollution
techniques regulatory turnover applied 2008 National authorities State Office of Metrology
MTR-1: Consumer information
on fuel economy and emissions Co 2 new passenger cars
All pollutants, CO 2 improved efficiency of vehicles,
alternative fuels/electric cars,
improved behaviour it turnover applied 2007 National
authorities Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
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Name and short description (below
table) of the individual PAM or the PAM
package:
For which pollutant (s) the pollutant is
affected: SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, BC as
a component of PM2.5, other (e.g.
Hg, dioxins, GHG):
Objectives of the individual PAM or PAM:
Type (s) For PAM:
Primary and, where
appropriate, secondary sector (s) affected:
Status (applied
/adopted):
Start the
application of:
Application body (s) responsible for the application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate Type Name
MTR-2: Driver training for road vehicles
All pollutants, CO 2 improved behaviour educational turnover applied 2011 National authorities
Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of the Environment and Energy, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund; National Energy Efficiency Authority
MTR-3: Obligation to use transport biofuels All pollutants, CO 2 alternative fuels/electric
cars
regulatory, economic, tax
turnover applied 2010 National authorities
Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
MTR-4: Special environmental compensation for motor vehicles
All pollutants, CO 2
improved vehicle efficiency, alternative fuel/electric cars, improved behaviour
tax; economy
turnover applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Finance, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts MTR-5: Special tax on
motor vehicles All pollutants, CO 2
improved vehicle efficiency, alternative fuel/electric cars, improved behaviour
tax; economy
turnover applied 2015 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Finance
MTR-6: Financial incentives for the purchase of hybrid and electric vehicles
All pollutants, CO 2 fuel efficiency of the vehicle, alternative fuel/electric cars
economy turnover applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund
MTR-7: Alternative fuels infrastructure developments
All pollutants, CO 2 alternative fuels/electric cars
regulatory, economy
turnover applied 2014
National authorities; Regional authorities; Local authorities
The Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning Ministry of Finance Ministry of the Interior Local and regional self-government units, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts
MTR-8: Promoting integrated and intelligent transport systems and alternative fuels in urban areas
All pollutants, CO 2
alternative fuels/electric cars, milled morbidity of transport infrastructure, modal shift to public transport or non-motorised transport
planning turnover applied 2014
National authorities; Regional authorities; Local authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, the local and regional self-government units, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts
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Name and short description (below
table) of the individual PAM or the PAM
package:
For which pollutant (s) the pollutant is
affected: SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, BC as
a component of PM2.5, other (e.g.
Hg, dioxins, GHG):
Objectives of the individual PAM or PAM:
Type (s) For PAM:
Primary and, where
appropriate, secondary sector (s) affected:
Status (applied
/adopted):
Start the
application of:
Application body (s) responsible for the application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate Type Name
MTR-9: Monitoring, reporting and verification of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of liquid fuels
All pollutants, CO 2 alternative fuels/electric cars regulatory turnover applied 2012
National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Croatian Environmental and Nature Agency
MTR-10: Prevention and control of emissions into air from ships
SOx, NOx, VOC, ozone-depleting substances
other transport regulatory turnover applied 2005 National authorities
The Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy MTR-11: Limitation of
pollutant emissions from road vehicles
Co, VOC, NOx, PM
2.5, PM 10
deployment of emission reduction technologies on vehicles, improvement of the performance of vehicles
regulatory turnover applied 2008 National authorities
State office for metrology
MIP-1: Reduction of VOC emissions to the sector of use of products containing solvents
NMVOC, CO 2 Reduce emissions economic, regulatory
manufacturing processes and product use
applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
MAG-7: Implementation of the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020
CH 4, N 2 O
other actions improving agricultural land management, improving grazing activities, other farming
regulatory, economy
agriculture applied 2018 National authorities
Ministry of Agriculture; Paying Agency for Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development
MW-1: Prevention and reduction of municipal solid waste
NMVOC, PM 2,5, CH 4
demand/reduction management; reducing landfilling
control impurities based on source; economy instruments, regulatory instruments, education, planning
waste/waste management applied 2013
National authorities; Regional authorities; Local authorities
MZOIP JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities JLS
MW-2: Increase of separately collected and recycled urban solid waste
NMVOC, PM 2,5, CH,
demand/reduction management; increased recycling, reduction of landfilling
control impurities based on source; economy instruments, regulatory instruments
waste/waste management applied 2013
National authorities; Regional authorities; Local authorities
MZOIP JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities JLS
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Name and short description (below
table) of the individual PAM or the PAM
package:
For which pollutant (s) the pollutant is
affected: SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, BC as
a component of PM2.5, other (e.g.
Hg, dioxins, GHG):
Objectives of the individual PAM or PAM:
Type (s) For PAM:
Primary and, where
appropriate, secondary sector (s) affected:
Status (applied
/adopted):
Start the
application of:
Application body (s) responsible for the application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate Type Name
MW-3: Flaring and NMVOC incineration NMVOCs and CH,
improved treatment technologies, improved management of landfill
economy instruments, regulatory instruments
waste/waste management applied 2013
National authorities; Regional authorities; Local authorities
MZOIP JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities JLS
MW-4: Reduction of the amount of biodegradable solid municipal solid waste deposited
NMVOC, PM 2,5, NH
3, CH,
increased recycling, improved treatment technologies, reduction of landfilling
control impurities based on source; regulatory instruments
waste/waste management applied 2013
National authorities; Regional authorities; Local authorities
MZOIP JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities JLS
MW-5: Biogas use for electricity and heat production
CO 2, CH, improved processing technologies
economy instruments, regulatory instruments
waste/waste management applied 2013
National authorities; Regional authorities; Local authorities
MZOIP JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities JLS
MCC-1: Cross-sectoral Coordination Commission for PAM: mitigation and adaptation to climate change
all greenhouse gases multi-sectoral policy regulatory intermediate sectoral
applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, competent ministries
MCC-2: System for measuring and verifying energy savings
Co 2 pollutants energy consumption, transport; production of energy
it, regulatory
intermediate sectoral
applied 2015 National authorities
National Energy Efficiency Authority
MCC-3: Promoting the use of innovative information and communication technologies (ICT) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Co 2 pollutants multi-sectoral policy it intermediate sectoral
applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Entrepreneurship and Crafts; Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature
MCC-4: European Emissions Trading System
Co 2, N2O, pollutants
energy production, energy consumption, industrial processes
economy intermediate sectoral
applied 2013 National authorities
European Commission, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Croatian Environmental and Nature Agency MCC-5: Use of
proceeds from the sale of an auction within the EU ETS for measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
all greenhouse gases, pollutants multi-sectoral policy economy
intermediate sectoral
applied 2013 National authorities
Ministry of Environment and Energy, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund
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Name and short description (below
table) of the individual PAM or the PAM
package:
For which pollutant (s) the pollutant is
affected: SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, BC as a
component of PM2.5, other
(e.g. Hg, dioxins, GHG):
Objectives of the individual PAM or PAM:
Type (s) For PAM:
Primary and, where
appropriate, secondary sector (s) affected:
Status (applied
/adopted):
Start the
application of:
Application body (s) responsible for the application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate Type Name
MCC-6: Preparation Feasibility studies with an
action plan for preparatory
activities for CCS projects in
the Republic of Croatia Conducting interdisciplinary
research into the potential of
geological storage of CO 2 in the
Republic of Croatia
CO 2 multi-sectoral policy planning intermediate sectoral planned 2018 National authorities;
Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
MCC-7: Energy efficiency
obligation scheme CO 2, all pollutants
energy consumption, energy
production, transport economy intermediate sectoral adopted 2018 National authorities;
Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
MCC-8: Environmental permits All pollutants installation of pollution abatement
techniques, multi-sectoral policy economic, regulatory
Energy,
manufacturing
processes and
product use,
agriculture (farms); waste (landfills)
applied 2014 National authorities;
Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
MCC-9: Emission tax SO2 and NOx for individual
sources SO 2, NOx multi-sectoral policy economic,
regulatory
Energy,
manufacturing
processes and
product use
applied 2014 National authorities;
Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
MCC-10: Identification and
control of air pollutant emission
limits from stationary sources All pollutants multi-sectoral policy
control impurities based on source; economic, regulatory
Energy,
manufacturing
processes and
product use
applied 2012 National authorities;
Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy
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Please indicate the related uncertainties for the
projections of the WFP in order to meet the emission
reduction commitments for 2020, 2025 and 2030
onwards:
4.1 EMISSION PROJECTIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION (WM SCENARIO)
This chapter provides an overview of projections of emissions for 2020, 2025 and 2030 with the use of the
existing measures (the WIM scenario) for SO 2, NOx, NMVOC, NH 3 and PM 2, 5.
Existing PAM included in the WM for the scenario are listed in Table 4-1 in Table 4- with a section
description of Annex 1.
In Table 2.5.1, the subsequent emission projections and the decrease for the WM scenario are in Table.
The uncertainty of the WM is related to GDP growth, the
impact of the temperature change on energy for heating and
cooling, hydrology in hydroelectric power generation and the
development of agriculture22, which is described below.
GDP growth
In all scenarios analysed, GDP growth by 2050 was assumed
to be 1.66 % on average by 2050, representing a nominal
increase compared to 2010 by 78 % (median scenario).In an
optimistic macroeconomic scenario, Croatia’s economy is
expected to grow at an average annual rate of 2.15 % (the
demographic projection remains the same as in the headline
scenario) by 2050. The resulting increase in real GDP per
capita by 2050 is around 138 % compared to 2012. It leads to
a faster closing of the development gap in comparison to the
EU average. For example, in an optimistic scenario Croatia
will reach 91 % of the EU average development level by
2050. On the other hand, the pessimistic macroeconomic
scenario represented an average annual growth rate of 0.8 %,
as well as a 44 % cumulative growth in real GDP per capita
by 2050. Such growth is expected to be slower than the
growth of the EU as a whole, and Croatia’s real per capita
income from today’s 60 % of the EU average would drop to
55 %.
22Expert substrates for the development of the Low Carbon Strategy for Croatia for the period up to 2030 with an outlook to 2050, a Green Paper, 2015./2017 (MZOIP) and on the building on the strategy for a low-carbon development in Croatia for the period up to 2030, with an outlook to 2050, the White Paper, 2015./2017 (MZOIP);
2.5.1Emission projections and emissions reduction (WM scenario)
Pollutant (M): Total emissions (kt) consistent with
inventories For the year x-3 (M):
Projection% emission
reduction achieved in
relation to 2005 (M): Emission
reduction
commitment for
2020-2029 (%)
(M):
Obligation reduced I emission
from 2030
(%) (M):
20
05
Ba
se
yea
r:
O CJ o CJ 2
02
5: o
o CJ
O rj o rj 2
02
5 o
o CJ
SO2 58,72 10,08 9,71 9,38 82,83 83,47 84,02 55 83 Calculation 84,46 41,09 36,58 33,58 51,35 56,69 60,24 31 57 NMVOC 117,02 51,68 49,09 47,62 55,84 58,05 59,30 34 48 NH3 42,21 33,53 34,08 35,59 20,57 19,26 15,68 1 25 PM2,5 40,85 18,53 16,95 15,55 54,63 58,49 61,94 18 55
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The impact of the temperature change on energy for heating and cooling
Temperature change will impact on reducing the heating
demand, but the other side will increase the cooling demand.
The aim of climate policy is to maintain the global
temperature increase within 2 °C.This implies an increase by
around 1 °C until 2050.
In terms of heating demand. Internal design temperatures in
buildings are, in most cases, 20 °C, but temperatures of
heated spaces are maintained at temperatures up to 24 °C. in
addition to the assumptions made, the reduction in the
heating required for heating in the continental part of Croatia
could be between 7,7 and 11.3 %, and in the coastal part
Croatia is between 12,7 and 24.2 %.
Cooling needs. In contrast to the heating demand, there was
no such a dependence of the primary cooling demand in
relation to the outside air temperature, given that the impact
of heat gains due to the solar radiation is predominant here.
At this point in time, it is not possible to assess the impact of
the outdoor temperature change on cooling purposes. It can
only be estimated how the impact will be less pronounced
than for the heating demand.
Other impacts on energy. Variations in temperature, rainfall,
wind power will affect the production of renewable energy
sources. These impacts need to be quantified and integrated
in the operational planning, particularly at regional and local
level where major differences can be found.
Hydrology in the production of electricity hydro Power Plant
Depending on hydrology, the production from large
hydropower plants varies from 4 TWh to 8 TWh. This is
20 % or 40 % of total electricity production in the Republic
of Croatia.
Cycles of dry and wet years can last and for several years, the
electricity sector emissions can vary considerably. The lack
of production from hydropower plants is supplemented by
increased production from thermal power stations or by
increased imports.
Developing agriculture
Small holdings are characterised by agriculture in Croatia.
The average family economy accounts for only 2 hectares.
According to the 2003 list of agriculture, only 20 % of
cultivated land is privately owned with an average of 159
hectares. The situation in the beef sector is also similar: 96 %
of all milk producers have only 15 cows, while 90 % of the
pigs are based on 200.000 small farms, with 170.000 farms in
possession of less than 10 pigs. Such fragmentation and the
old populations faster development. Agriculture will
therefore change slowly, posing a challenge from the
emission point of view.
Graphic representations of projections of emissions and emission reductions for the WM scenario
are listed below. SO 2
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Figure 4-1Historical trend and projections of the SO 2 emissions for the WM scenario
The projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and so that the SO 2 emission reduction
commitments are expected to be met for both periods. In 2016, emissions are 44.3 % below the level of the
2020 reduction commitment, and the continued operation is expected to add a reduction, albeit at a
significantly lower pace than in the 2005-2016 period. From 2020 to 2030 a further reduction of 2 SO in WM is
expected, leading to a reduction of emissions in 2030 below the level of the 2030 reduction commitment in the
WTM scenario. The main impact on emission reductions shall have fuel switching measures and application of
desulphurisation technologies in the energy transformation sector.
Calculation
Figure 4-2Historical trend and NOX emission projections for the WM scenario
Projections show that the quota is expected to be met and the commitments to reduce NOX emissions are
expected to be met. Emissions in 2016 are already 6.6 % below the level of the 2020 reduction commitment,
and the continuation of measures, primarily in the transport sector, is expected to decrease. Between 2020 and
2030, a further 18.3 % emission reduction is expected in the WM for the scenario, leading to a decrease of
3.9 % of emissions in 2030 below the level of the 2030 reduction commitment in the WTM scenario. The main
impact on the reduction of emissions is the application of measures to reduce permitted emission limits for
vehicles, the use of alternative fuels in the transport sector, greater use of public transport and bicycles and
intermodal transport. NH 3
Historic trend ------ Kvta, since 2010 Session with Commitments (WM) scenario from 2020 to 2029 Commitment, since 2030
------ Historic trend ------ Kvta, since 2010 Session with Commitments (WM) scenario from 2020 to 2029 Commitment, since 2030
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Figure 4-3Historical trend and projections of NH 3 emissions for the WM for scenarios
In the historical period, the trend is above the 30 KT quota in 2016 by 16.2 % below the level of the national
reduction commitment for 2020. The projections in the WEM scenario show that the commitments to meet the
emission reduction commitments of NH 3 in 2020 are expected to be met. However, as the main emission
source NH 3 is the agricultural sector in which the number of livestock is expected to increase, a significant
further emission reduction in the WM scenario is not expected. Emissions are expected to grow by 6 %
between 2020 and 2030, leading to an increase of 12 % in 2030 in relation to the commitment in 2030.
NMVOC
Figure 4-4Historical trend and projections of NMVOC emissions projections for the WM scenario
Projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and the reduction commitments for NMVOC
emissions are expected. Emissions in 2016 are already 9.5 % below the level of the 2020 reduction
commitment, and the continuation of measures, primarily in the household sector, is expected to decrease.
Between 2020 and 2030, a further 7.8 % emission reduction is expected in the WM for the scenario, leading to
a decrease of 21.7 % of emissions in 2030 below the level of the 2030 reduction commitment in the WTM
scenario. The main effect on emissions reduction is the application of energy renovation measures for houses
leading to a reduction in firewood use for heating and to replace inefficient furnaces. The process of
manufacturing processes and the use of solvents is expected to constitute a dominant source of NMVOC
emissions that will result in only a minor decrease. PM2,5
Historic trend ------- Kvta, since 2010
Session with Commitments (WM) scenario from 2020 to 2029
Commitment, since 2030
------- Historic trend ------- Kvta, since 2010
Session with Commitments (WM) scenario from 2020 to 2029
Commitment, since 2030
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Figure 4-5Historical trend and PM 2,5 projections for the WM scenario
Projections show how the quota is expected to be met and the commitments to reduce PM 2 emissions are
expected to be 5.Emissions in 2016 are already 45 % below the level of the 2020 reduction commitment, and
the continuation of measures, primarily in the household sector, is expected to decrease. Between 2020 and
2030, a further 16.1 % emission reduction is expected in the WM for the scenario, leading to a decrease of
15.4 % of emissions in 2030 below the level of the 2030 reduction commitment in the WTM scenario. The
main effect on emissions reduction is the application of energy renovation measures for houses leading to a
reduction in firewood use for heating and to replace inefficient conventional furnaces.
PM 10
Figure 4-6Historical trend and PM 10 projections for the WM scenario
For PM 10, no reduction commitments have been set and the trend and causes of emissions correspond to those
for PM 2 emissions 5.
4.1.1 METHODOLOGY AND MODELS AND ASSUMPTIONS FOR PROJECTIONS
(WM SCENARIO)
This chapter describes the methodology used to generate the projections for the WM and the WAM scenario.
The key assumptions and the related uncertainties of the WM for the scenario are given in tables P 2-1 to P 2-
12 of Annex 2 of the Programme.
Historic trend ----- Kvta, since 2010 Session with Commitments (WM) scenario from 2020 to 2029 Commitment, since 2030
Historical trend Scenario with measures (WM)
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Details of methodology/models used to
determine impact; The NSPCRO model was used to generate the projections through the
LEADER (LEADER) software package. Long Range Energy Alternatives
Planning System.
The LEAP software package for the energy and transport forecasts needs
a model for the energy sector in Croatia, which uses specific
methodologies and additional tools for the different categories in the
energy sector. Thus, for the purposes of detailed modelling of the
development and optimisation of the electricity system, a more advanced
model was used, the results of which are integrated into the energy sector
model. In the preparation of projections for sectors product processes and
use processes and the use of products, Waste processes and agriculture
have been developed by engineering simulation models ‘bottom-up’,
‘bottom-up’ data types and individual emission sources, and calculate
greenhouse gas emissions as well as pollutant emissions. The standard
methods, procedures and structures have been used to this effect, in line
with the inventory of the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change and the LRTAP Convention. Technical bases ‘2006
IPCC Guidelines for National GHG’ and ‘2016 EMEP/EEA Air pololut
Emission Inventory Guidelines have been used: Technical Guidance:
steam National Emission inventories. Sector-specific models are also
integrated into the NUSPCRO model.
The NUSPCRO model allows for accounting of greenhouse gas (GHG)
and pollutant emissions, and techno- economic indicators that incorporate
all sectors, and the output data of models is structured according to the
emission framework convention under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution. The estimates were made up to 2030, and
indicatively until 2050, with a step no longer than one year.
State the key assumptions and associated
uncertainties Annex 2 Programme:
Table 5-1: Assumptions for projections — Energy and Transport; Table
5-2: Assumptions for projections — Production processes and use of the
product Table 5-3: Assumptions for projections — Agriculture Table 5-4: Assumptions for projections — Waste Table 5-5 Projections for projections — general parameters Table 5-6: Projection parameters — energy: total fuel consumption,
electricity production, ‘with measures’ scenario Table 5-7: Projection parameters — energy: final (end-use) energy
consumption Table 5-8: Projection parameters — climate Table 5-9: Projection parameters — industry Table 5-10: Parameters for projections — traffic Table 5-11: Projection parameters — agriculture Table 5-12: Projection parameters — Waste
The related uncertainties are shown below.
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4.1.2. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECTIONS
In addition to sensitivity analysis depending on hydrological conditions, a sensitivity analysis was performed
and for other parameters that are essential for the electricity system. The sensitivity to change in the following
parameters was analysed:
• for the WM scenario:
the constant price of allowances at EUR 15/EUA, instead of price increases such as in the EU
Reference Scenario 2016;
on the constant price of allowances at EUR 15/EUA rather than price increases such as in the EU
reference scenario 2016, net imports up to 30 % of electricity, instead of scenario without net
importation (excluding Krško nuclear power plant);
An examination of the analysis is given in Table 4-2 and Figure 4-7.
Table 4-2: Review of the sensitivity analysis
Scenario in relation to
which the projection
sensitivity is analysed Changed engine parameters
Impact on pollutant emissions
WM
The constant price
prices of allowances
at EUR 15/EUA,
instead of price
increases such as in
the EU Reference
Scenario 2016,
Maintaining the price of EU ETS allowances at a constant level of EUR
15/EUA leads to higher pollutant emissions due to the higher operation
of a fossil fuel power plant. Emissions In 2030, 2were 4.7 % higher than the WM scenario. In year 2040 and 2050 the difference is below 0.3 %.The SO 2 shows
an increase in NOx emissions by 0.5 % in 2030, by 2.9 % in 2040 and
by 6.7 % in 2050 with respect to the WM scenario. There are also
higher emissions and NMVOC by 0.2 % in 2030 and 2040 and by 1.0 %
in 2050.
Figure 4-7Emission sensitivity analysis with respect to the WM scenario
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4.2 WAM AND PROJECTS AND PROJECTS OF NON-CONFORMITY (Design for the
number of non-conforming zones and compliant zones for the AardD pollutant)
Table 2.5.2 shows the projections on ambient air quality (WM) and a degree of harmonisation (M).
As part of the table in Section 2.5.2.1, a Qualitative description of the improvement of air quality
improvement is further specified.
2.5.2Air quality improvement forecast (WM) and projection of degree of harmonisation (M)
2.5.2. Qualitative description of the improvement of air quality
improvements Provide a qualitative
description of the
projections for
improvements in air
quality and
projections for
further development
of the degree of
alignment with the
EU air quality
objectives for NO 2,
PM 10, PM 2,5 and O
3 values and any
other pollutant
pollutants
(substances) up to
2020, 2025 and 2030
(M):
Give a full reference
(chapter and page) to
support publicly
available datasets
(e.g. Air Quality
Plans, resource
allocation) describing
the projection of
improvements and
further developing a
degree of
harmonisation (M):
Information on scenarios of implementation of the action plans (eReporting System J
form) is given in each of the action plans in the teaching tables.
Action plan for the reduction of PM 10 emissions from the Gone Kutina Pollutant
substance 2015
Reporting year:
2016 2017
PM n
The analysis, i.e. the data budget,
came to the conclusion that the
application of measures aimed at
reducing energy consumption will
lead to 50 t/year reductions of PM10
emissions by 2020.
effectiveness.
Comment: Data for the projection
scenario are derived from a
phasing-out programme for specific
pollutants in the Republic of Croatia
for the period up to the end of 2010,
with emission projections for the
period 2010.
2020, and
Family house’s energy renovation
programme for the period 2014-
2020For a more detailed budget for
reducing household emissions, it is
necessary to set out in detail
a survey/survey to determine the
actual consumption of energy
products (gas, wood) in households.
The analysis, i.e. the data budget,
came to the conclusion that the
application of measures aimed at
reducing energy consumption will
lead to 50 t/year reductions of PM10
emissions by 2020.
effectiveness.
Comment: Data for the projection
scenario are derived from a phasing-
out programme for specific
pollutants in the Republic of Croatia
for the period up to the end of 2010,
with emission projections for the
period 2010.
2020, and
Family house’s energy renovation
programme for the period 2014-
2020For a more detailed budget for
reducing household emissions, it is
necessary to set out in detail
a survey/survey to determine the
actual consumption of energy
products (gas, wood) in households.
No data
Action plan on particulate pollution (PM 10) for the City of Osijek
Reporting year:
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PM n
No data
Pollutant substance
Reporting year:
2015 2016 2017
PM n
No data There are no scenarios.
Effectiveness of the implementation
of the prescribed reduction
measures
PM10 particulate concentrations
shall be monitored on the automatic
measuring cells set at
the town of Sisak. The action plan
shall be in place until the air
quality category of PMw is reached
as well as the air quality category.
There are no scenarios.
Effectiveness of the implementation
of the prescribed reduction
measures
PM10 particulate concentrations
shall be monitored on the
automatic measuring cells set at
the town of Sisak. The action plan
will be implemented until I arrive
from the air quality category at the
concentration of PM w PM.
Pollutant substance
PM2.5
Scenario with measures is higher in
all of the observed years than the
scenario. In 2020, this difference is
48 %.This is due to the planned
increase in the biomass share in the
end-use sectors. The biomass
fraction in Industry is planned; and
construction (looking only at
subsectors
characterised as essential), they
increased 9,6 times in 2020 in the
sector, with an increase in the
emission of particles from these
sectors by 4,8 times.
Scenario with measures is higher in
all of the observed years than the
scenario. In 2020, this difference is
48 %.This is due to the planned
increase in the biomass share in the
end-use sectors. The biomass
fraction in Industry is planned; and
construction (looking only at
subsectors
characterised as essential), they
increased 9,6 times in 2020 in the
sector, with an increase in the
emission of particles from these
sectors by 4,8 times.
Action plan to reduce the PM 10 concentration in the area
city of Sisak Air quality improvement action plan for
Slavonski Brod
reporting year: 2017
The baseline emissions reduction scenario is the energy renovation of family homes. The
application of energy efficiency measures and the use of combustion plants to low emission wood
are intended to reduce emissions during the heating season.
This scenario is based on the application to households of energy efficiency measures using
conventional wood stoves. A shift from conventional to energy efficient stoves is possible to
reduce the emission of boilers by 50 %.The transition from conventional to ‘eco-label’ stoves can
reduce the emission of boilers by 87 %.This calculation is based on EMEP/EEA emission factors.
Assume that energy renovation will cover 20 % of the households using heating wood that can
expect an emission reduction
Pollutant substance
2015 2016 2017
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analysis
PM 1
1
BaP (PM o)
Households sector by 10 % to 17°%, which will ultimately lead to a reduction of PM25 concentration of about
1,5 pg/m 3.
The contamination of particles in the Slavonski Brod area is significantly affected by regional and
transboundary air pollution. High background concentration means that there is a need to achieve a strong
reduction in local emissions, notably from the combustion of wood in local plants, in order to achieve a limit
value for PM2,5. The measures of this Action Plan aim at cost-effective targeting of energy recovery in the
Slavonski Brod area by promoting those energy efficiency measures which make the most of ‘savings’ in
particulate emissions. The dynamics of energy renovation performance shall be determined by the available
financial means and models of their use.
At national level, the Family House Programme for the period 2014-2020 (Narodne Novine (NN; official
Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 43/14 and 36/15) shall be implemented at national level. As part of the
implementation of this programme, the FPS has co-financed energy renovation measures of family houses
through which better thermal protection of housing is achieved, increases the energy efficiency of heating
systems and encourages the use of renewable energy sources. The current EU model for co-financing energy
renovation of family houses applies to natural persons while the former model of financing involves units of a
local (regional) government as intermediaries between the FPS and the citizens.
Under the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion 2014— 2020 funds were provided to promote
energy efficiency and renewable energy, as well as environmental protection and resource sustainability. The
use of these funds does not allow for the direct financing of some of the measures behind the action plans, but
also in cooperation with the competent Ministry, the possibility to finance energy renovation measures aimed at
reducing emissions of particulate matter during the heating season.
Action Plan for improving air quality in the City of Zagreb
Implemented
the PM10 pollution levels show that
“local particulate pollution” should
be reduced by 3050 % in order to
meet the threshold for the daily
PM10 concentration in the City of
Zagreb. Under “local particulate
pollution”
reference is made to the
concentration level of particulate
matter which is under the influence
of direct particulate emissions
energy and
Industrial installations, households
and road transport from the town
area
Zagreb.
No data
An analysis of PM10 pollution
level shows that ‘local particulate
pollution’ should be reduced by
3050 % in order to meet the
threshold for the daily PM10
concentration in the City of Zagreb.
Under “local particulate pollution”
reference is made to the
concentration level of particulate
matter which is under the influence
of direct particulate emissions
energy and
industrial installations, households
and road transport from the City of
Zagreb. The reduction of the
emission sources of PM will also
reduce PM25 pollution in sufficient
detail to achieve limit values and
pollution B (a) P sufficiently (a) to
the extent that
Required emission reduction was
determined on the basis of analysis
daily PM10 concentration in all
stations of the City of Zagreb.
Removal of background
contamination (supply, Slovenia)
for each of the stations identified
the contribution of the local
sources. Linear extrapolation has
defined how many percentages
should be taken;
reduce local
concentration to achieve
permissible number of
overshootings (35).The PM10
emission reduction of at least 30 %
for the heating season is expected to
be reduced ;
Zagreb can achieve all measures
targeting the household sector,
services and transport. Reducing
the sources of emissions of res
PM10 will reduce
Pollutant substance
Reporting year: 2015 2016 2017
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achieve target values.
pollution B (a) P in PM10 is also
sufficiently achieved to reach the
target.
Comment: Projections are not
quantified on the basis of emissions,
but an analysis of the number of
exceedances for the daily PM10
concentrations.
NO 2 No data No data Proposed measures they aim at : Delivering on the following
objectives: — reduction NOx emission for Not less than 5 % at Annual Level on City Zagreb — by reducing NOx
emissions by around 20 % in
urban central. Due to expected renewal of rolling stock, i.e. the
replacement of about 2 % of old
vehicles (EURO 3 old) with newer
vehicles (EURO 5, EURO 6)
expected to reduce emissions traffic that will To result in the reduction of the
urban background concentrations
. presumption that the total number
of passenger cars will not increase,
a rolling stock renewal the park that is effectively financed
by the park itself citizens, border guards values for mean annual NOx
concentration outside the narrow
centre of the city can be reached
for 2 to 5 years. In the city centre for reaching the
border NO2 values will not be reached
without additional road traffic
restrictions and the application of
the measures in the action plan.
Except emissions which have a
significant impact on exceeding the
limit value in the town centre (MP
Đorđani ) impurities within urban canyon and traffic
congestion.
Table 2.5.2.2A quantitative description of projected improvements in ambient air quality is arbitrary to the
Republic of Croatia that there is no available data to serve the same.
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2.5.2.2Quantitative description of projected improvements in air quality Monitoring parameter Number of non-compliant air
quality zones: Number of compatible air
quality zones: Total number of air quality
zones:
Sp
ecif
y b
asic
y
ear:
20
20
:
20
25
:
20
30
:
Sp
ecif
y b
asic
y
ear:
20
20
:
20
25
:
20
30
:
Sp
ecif
y b
asic
y
ear:
20
20
:
20
25
:
20
30
:
PM 2,5 (1 year): — — — — — — — — — — — — However, 2 (1 years): — — — — — — — — — — — —
PM 10 (1: ) — — — — — — — — — — — — O 3 (max. 8 hours
mean): — — — — — — — — — — — —
Other (to specify): — — — — — — — — — — — —
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5THE POLICY OPTIONS CONSIDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION
REDUCTION COMMITMENTS FOR 2020. AND (2030), MEAN EMISSION LEVEL FOR
2025. AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.6. Policy options to comply with the emission reduction
compounds for 2020, and 2030, intermediate transmission levels for 2025, and stakeholder
consultation.
5.1 Details concerning fishing activities considered for the purpose of meeting the application of
the emissions reduction (point 2.6.1)
This section provides details of the options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction
commitments (reporting at PAM level).
Table 2.6.1 shows the details of the options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction
commitments (reporting at PAM level) (M).
The identified main needs when setting further PAM to comply with the emission reduction commitments
and the improvement of air quality are the following:
- it is necessary to ensure the continuation of measures beyond 2020, with an improvement where
necessary, in view of the fact that existing PAM has been set for the period until the end of 2020;
- reinforced synergies in the planning of PAM’s to reduce pollutant emissions and improve air
quality with PAM for reducing GHG emissions, an increase in the share of renewable energy
sources and an increase in energy efficiency;
- the measures need to be adapted and specifically planned for an area where the air quality has
been impaired.
Details of a defined “AM” “” are given under the table below.
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The23 descriptions are reproduced below after lookout tables
2.6.1Details of the PAM options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction commitments (reporting at PAM level)
(M):
Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M)23:
On which pollutant (s) ) substances se it affects, choose where appropriate (M): SO 2, NOx, NMVOC, NH 3, PM 2.5, BC as PM 2.
5, other (e.g. Hg, dioxins, GHG)
Individual PAM or PAM * (M) targets:
Type (s) For PAM *
(M):
Primary and where appropriate secondary sector (s) is influenced by f (M):
Period of application (M for the actions selected for application):
Application body (M) responsible for application (M for the actions selected for application): Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate
Details o methodologies used for analysis (N is \ specific models or methods) (M):
Quantify expected reductions (for individual PAM or as a range of PAM where needed (kt, annually or as a range, compared to WM scenario) (M):
Qualitative description uncertainties (M, where available):
Start End Type Name 2020 2025 2030
MEN-1: Integration of pollutant emission reduction measures in planning documents and energy renovation projects in buildings
NOx, PM 10, PM 2,5, CH 4, SO 2, NMVOC, NH 3, CO 2
improving the performance of buildings, reducing losses, improving the efficiency of appliances
economic, fiscal; information; regulatory, education, planning
consumption energy
2019, planned, as of 2021 Impacts
2030
national authorities; regional authorities
MZOIP, MCPP
Chapter 4.1.1
—
NOx0,48 kt
PM 10: 1,17 kt
PM 2,5: 1,14 kt
SO 2: 0,08 kt
NMVOC: 1,98 kt
NH 3: 0,28 kt
NOx0,92 kt
PM 10: 2,04 kt
PM 2,5: 1,99 kt
SO 2: 0,15 kt
NMVOC: 3,27 kt
NH 3: 0,45 kt
Chapter 4.1.1
MTR-1: Integration of measures to reduce pollutant emissions in planning documents and road transport projects
NOx, PM 10, PM 2,5, CH 4, SO 2, NMVOC, NH 3, CO 2
implementation of technology reduction technologies on vehicles, improvement of vehicle performance, modal shift towards public transport or non-motorised transport, alternative fuels/electric cars, demand side management/reduction, improved behaviour, improved hire of transport infrastructure, promotion of the use of bicycles
economic, fiscal; information; regulatory, education, planning
turnover
2019, planned, as of 2021 Impacts
2030
national authorities; regional authorities
MZOIP, MPPI
Chapter 4.1.1
—
NOx0,48 kt PM 10: 0,05 kt
PM 2,5: 0,03 kt
SO 2: 0,01 kt
NMVOC: 0,15 kt
NH 3: 0,02 kt
NOx0,81 kt
PM 10: 0,09 kt
PM 2,5: 0,05 kt
SO 2: 0,01 kt
NMVOC: 0,30 kt
NH 3: 0,03
kt
Chapter 4.1.1
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2.6.1Details of the PAM options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction commitments (reporting at PAM level) (M): Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M) 27:
On which pollutant (s) ) substances se it affects, choose where appropriate (M): SO 2, NOx, NMVOC, NH 3, PM 2.5, BC as PM 2.
5, other (e.g. Hg, dioxins, GHG)
Individual PAM or PAM * (M) targets:
Type (s) For PAM *
(M):
Primary and where appropriate secondary sector (s) is influenced by f (M):
Period of application (M for the actions selected for application):
Application body (M) responsible for application (M for the actions selected for application): Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate
Details o methodologies used for analysis (N is \ specific models or methods) (M):
Quantify expected reductions (for individual PAM or as a range of PAM where needed (kt, annually or as a range, compared to WM scenario) (M):
Qualitative description uncertainties (M, where available):
Start End Type Name 2020 2025 2030
MAG-1: Foods for cattle and pig nutrition and the quality of animal feed
NH 3, NOx, PM 10, PM
2,5, NHMVOC CH 4, N 2 O
improved governance animal health, morbidity, morbidity, morbidity, and morbidity;
economy agriculture 2018
National authorities
Ministry o hopappayable de
Chapter 4.1.1
—
NOx0,01 kt
PM 10: 0,01 kt
PM 2,5: 0,00 kt
NH 3: 4,40
kt
NOx0,01 kt
PM 10: 0,02 kt
PM 2,5: 0,01 kt
NH 3: 8,55
kt
Chapter 4.1.1
MAG-2: Anaerobic digestion of manure and the production of biogas
NH 3, CH 4, N 2 O, CO 2
animal waste management systems protected
economy hopappayable yes
2018
National authorities
Ministry TVO Poliopriv Redie adviser day services
Chapter 4.1.1
Chapter 4.1.1
MAG-3: Improvement livestock plant and animal waste management systems
NH 3, NOx, PM 10, PM
2,5, NHMVOC, CH 4, N 2 O, CO 2
improved livestock management santy systems animal waste management
economy hopappayable yes
2018
National authorities
Ministry TVO Poliopriv Redie adviser day services
Chapter 4.1.1
Chapter 4.1.1
MAG-4: Improving methods for the application of mineral fertilisers
NH 3, NOx, PM 10, PM
2,5, N 2 O
reduction of mineral fertilisers on agricultural land
economic, information, planning
hopappayable yes
2020
National authorities
Ministry TVO Poliopriv Redie adviser day services
Chapter 4.1.1
Chapter 4.1.1
MAG-5: Psychological and natural disaster protection systems
NH 3, NOx, PM 10, PM
2,5, N 2 O, CO 2
the reduction of mineral fertilisers and livestock manure on agricultural land; other actions to improve agricultural land management
economy hopappayable yes
2018
National authorities
Ministry TVO Poliopriv Redie adviser day services
Chapter 4.1.1
Chapter 4.1.1
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2.6.1Details of the PAM options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction commitments (reporting at PAM level)
(M):
Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M) 27:
On which pollutant (s) ) substances se it affects, choose where appropriate (M): SO 2, NOx, NMVOC, NH 3, PM 2.5, BC as PM 2.
5, other (e.g. Hg, dioxins, GHG)
Individual PAM or PAM * (M) targets:
Type (s) For PAM *
(M):
Primary and where appropriate secondary sector (s) is influenced by f (M):
Period of application (M for the actions selected for application):
Application body (M) responsible for application (M for the actions selected for application): Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate
Details o methodologies used for analysis (N is \ specific models or methods) (M):
Quantify expected reductions (for individual PAM or as a range of PAM where needed (kt, annually or as a range, compared to WM scenario) (M):
Qualitative description uncertainties (M, where available):
Start End Type Name 2020 2025 2030
MAG-6: Introduction of new cultivars, varieties and species
NH 3, NOx, PM 10, PM
2,5, N 2 O
the reduction of mineral fertilisers/livestock manure on agricultural land; other actions to improve agricultural land management, other agriculture
information, planning
hopappayable yes
2020
National authorities
Ministry TVO Poliopriv Repayable
Chapter 4.1.1
Chapter 4.1.1
MCC-1: Support increase administrative, technical and Steering local capacity Community
NOx, PM 10, PM 2,5, SO 2, NMVOC NH 3, CO 2, CH 4
Programme of support supported by LIFE Programme at local level
planning Multi — sectoral policy
2019 2030 National authorities
MZOIP — — — — —
MCC-2: Support for construction documentation to provide additional financial resources for more effective implementation of air quality action plans
NOx, PM 10, PM 2,5, SO 2, NMVOC NH 3, CO 2, CH 4
Drafting a project proposal on the use of the EU Structural Funds
planning Multi — sectoral policy
2019 2030 National authorities
MZOIP — — — — —
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2.6.1Details of PAM’s options are considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction commitments (reporting at PAM
level) (M):
Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M) 27:
On which pollutant (s) ) substances se it affects, choose where appropriate (M):
Individual PAM or PAM * (M) targets:
Type (s) PAM A (M):
Primary and where appropriate secondary sector (s) is influenced by f (M):
Period of application (M for the actions selected for application):
Application body (M) responsible for application (M for the actions selected for application): Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate
Details o methodologies used for analysis (N is \
Quantify expected reductions (for individual PAM or as a range of PAM where needed (kt, annually or as a range, compared to WM scenario) (M):
Qualitative description uncertainties (M, where available):
SO 2, NOx, NMVOC, NH 3, PM 2.5, BC as PM 2.
5, other (e.g. Hg, dioxins, GHG)
Start End Type Name specific models or methods) (M):
2020 2025 2030
MCC-3: Supporting research related to the planning of POM- this and monitoring their effects on emissions and air quality
NOx, PM 10, PM 2,5, SO 2, NMVOC NH 3,
Identification of cost-effective measures, and quantitative monitoring of emission reductions, air quality improvements and environmental impact
Planning, research
All sectors 2019 2025
Ministry TVA, certified CI
MZOIP, Ministry TVO science and education
Models, methods, bases data, IT Platforms
— — — —
Reply to the box marked with (*), (A) and ("greenhouse gases & Implementing Regulation
) are filled by using predefined option answers that are consistent with the reporting obligations under Regulation 525/2013 on the monitoring and reporting mechanism of Commission No 749/2014.
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Answers coded box with (*) to be completed using the following predefined options for a response, which should be selected as appropriate (more than one objective can be
chosen, additional targets can be selected to be added and specified in “others”) (M): 1 Energy supply:
• increasing renewable energy;
• transfer to less C-intensive fuels;
• increased non-renewable low carbon production (nuclear);
• reduction of losses;
• improving efficiency in the energy sector and transformation
• the installation of pollution abatement techniques;
• other energy supply.
2 Energy consumption:
• improving the performance of buildings;
• improving the efficiency of the appliances;
• improving efficiency in services/tertiary sector,
• efficiency gains in the industrial branch of end use,
• demand/reduction management;
• the other energy consumption. 3 Transp
ort:
• emission reduction technologies for vehicles
• improving the performance of the vehicle;
• modal shift to public transport or non-motorised transport;
• alternative fuels/electric cars;
• demand/reduction management;
• improved behaviour;
• alcoholic strength of cleared transport infrastructure;
• other transport.
4 Industrial processes:
• incorporation of pollutant abatement technologies;
• improved control of fugitive emissions from industrial processes;
• other industrial processes. 5 Waste/waste management:
• demand/reduction management;
• increased recycling;
• improved processing technologies;
• improved management of landfill sites;
• energy waste incineration;
• improved waste water management systems;
• a reduction in the disposal of waste;
• other waste.
6 Agriculture:
• the reduction of mineral fertilisers/livestock manure on agricultural land;
• other actions to improve agricultural land management,
• improved livestock management
• improved animal waste management systems;
• actions to advance land grazing or grassland,
• improving organic soils management;
• other farming. 7 Cross-cutting:
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Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M) 27:
On which pollutant (s) ) substances se it affects, choose where appropriate (M): SO 2, NOx, NMVOC, NH 3, PM 2.5, BC as PM
2. 5, other (e.g. Hg, dioxins, GHG)
Individual PAM or PAM * (M) targets:
Type (s) of PAM * (M):
Primary and where appropriate secondary sector (s) is influenced by f (M):
Period of application (M for the actions selected for application):
Application body (M) responsible for application (M for the actions selected for application): Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2, as appropriate
End of end Type
Na
me
Details o methodologies used for analysis (e.g. specific models or methods) (M):
Quantify expected reductions (for individual PAM or as a range of PAM where needed (kt, annually or as a range, compared to WM scenario) (M):
Qualitative description uncertainties (M, where available): 2020 2025 2030
8
2.6.1Details of the PAM options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction commitments (reporting at PAM level) (M):
• policy framework; • multi-sectorial policy; • other cross cutting.
Other: • Member States are required to provide a summary description of the objective. Responses to the indicated box (*) shall be completed using the following predefined options for the response, to be chosen as appropriate (more than one PAM type, the additional PAM type may be added and specified under “other”) (M):
Control of pollution based on source; Economic instruments; Fiscal instruments: Voluntary/negotiation agreements; Information; Regulatory; Education; Exploration; Planning; Other, specify
Responses to the indicated box (f) shall be completed using the following predefined options for the response, which should be selected as appropriate (more than one sector may be selected, additional sectors may be added and specified in “others”) (M):
energy supply (covering oil and gas extraction, transport, distribution and storage of fuel, as well as energy production and electricity); energy consumption (covers end-user fuel consumption and electricity, such as households, services, industry and agriculture); Turnover; industrial processes (covering industrial activities that are chemically or physically transformed into materials leading to greenhouse gas emissions, use of greenhouse gases in products and the energy use of the carbon fossil fuels); agriculture waste/waste management; cross-cutting; other sector, please specify.
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Energy
MEN-1: Integration of pollutant emission reduction measures in planning documents and projects for energy renovation of buildings
Pollutant emissions from the household sector and services are recognised as one of the main causes of air
quality disruption in many areas. The key cause of pollutant emissions (notably PM 2,5 and PM 10 PM) is the
use of firewood in conventional kilns. Therefore, in areas where air quality is impaired, it is necessary to speed
up the implementation of measures to restore the external envelope of buildings and to replace conventional
furnaces using firewood.
At national level, energy renovation of buildings (including the renovation of the building envelope and
replacement of thermotechnical systems), use of solar energy, heat pumps, is planned under the more strategic
and planning documents listed in the descriptions of the existing sectoral measures:
- MEN-1: National plan for increasing the number of pre-vo-zero-energy buildings;
- MEN-2: Energy renovation programme for apartment blocks;
- MEN-3: A programme to increase energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy in commercial
non-residential buildings,
- MEN-4: The family house’s energy renovation programme,
- MEN-5: Energy renovation programme for public buildings,
- MEN-11: The programme to reduce energy poverty,
- MEN-19: Energy efficiency programme in heating and cooling,
- MEN-21: Promoting the use of renewables and energy efficiency by the FZEU funding;
and in coordination with cross-sectoral PAM such as:
- MCC-5: Use of auctioning funds under the EU ETS for measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions;
- MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme
- many measures are funded through the EU SIF [5].
At the same time, the local (regional) plans and programmes for energy efficiency, renewable sources, air
protection and climate change mitigation and adaptation are developed and implemented by JLP (R).
The aim of this measure is to integrate activities to reduce pollutant emissions in areas where air quality
is impaired into national, regional and local plans and energy renovation projects.Support instruments
should be provided for, primary natural persons, owners of family houses, for investing in:
- improving thermal insulation of the envelope elements (walls, roofs, cellars); - the replacement of exterior trim, in particular windows;
- replacement of existing heating systems with new, more energy efficient, and less emissions of
pollutants.
In the development of new planning documents for the energy renovation of buildings, it is therefore necessary
to strengthen inter-ethnic coordination and to provide instruments to boost the energy renovation of buildings
(with a focus on family houses) where the air quality has been eroded. In terms of financial terms, the support
may be provided for in large part through the EU Structural Funds.
Turnover
MTR-1: Integration of pollutant emission reduction measures in planning documents and projects from road transport
Transport and mobility needs are one of the greatest environmental burdens in urban areas. The increase in the
number of passenger cars, the way in which they are used, the volume of traffic and the non-structured
expansion of urban areas are a source of pollutant emissions, which are one of the main causes of the
degradation of air quality in many areas. Therefore, in areas where air quality has been impaired, it is
necessary to speed up the implementation of measures to reduce pollutant emissions from road transport.
A series of measures are implemented at national level to reduce emissions from the transport sector, as
described in the existing:
- MTR-1: Consumer information on fuel economy and CO2 emissions for new passenger cars;
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- MTR-2: Driver training for road vehicles;
- MTR-3: The obligation to use biofuels in transport;
- MTR-4: Special environmental charge for powered vehicles;
- MTR-5: Special tax on motor vehicles;
- MTR-6: Financial incentives to purchase hybrid and electric vehicles;
- MTR-7: Deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure;
- MTR-8: Promoting integrated and intelligent transport systems and alternative fuels in urban areas;
- MTR-9: Monitoring, reporting and verification of lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of liquid fuels;
- MTR-11: The limitation of pollutant emissions from road vehicles, and in coordination with cross-
sectoral PAM such as:
- MCC-5: Use of auctioning funds under the EU ETS for measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions;
- MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme
- many measures are funded through the EU SIF [5].
At the same time, the local (regional) plans and programmes for energy efficiency, renewable sources, air
protection and climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as master plans for sustainable transport
development, are developed and implemented.
The aim of this measure is to integrate activities to reduce pollutant emissions in areas where air quality
is impaired into national, regional and local plans and programmes and projects affecting emissions to
the road transport sector.
This measure includes various means to promote a reduction in the number of vehicles in urban areas that do
not have air quality categories I. a key source of emissions is the road transport sector, such as:
- refusal of entry into certain urban areas depending on the environmental standard of the vehicle;
- optimisation of removal of payment facilities.
- integrated transport of citizens;
- intelligent traffic grade,
- promoting SEP schemes for cars;
- the promotion of public bicycles,
- actions to support the development of alternative fuels infrastructure in urban areas
- introduction of urban pollution charges
- redirecting traffic from a city centre;
- encouraging urban public transport use;
- infrastructure development and incentives for cycling;
- introduction of systematic energy management of vehicles owned by the city, etc.
In the development of new planning documents for energy efficiency, renewables, air protection and climate
change mitigation and adaptation and transport development, the cross-sectoral coordination needs to be
strengthened and instruments encouraged to reduce pollutant emissions from the road transport sector in areas
where air quality is impaired. In so doing, they should be tailored to the circumstances of the areas in which
they are regulated. Agriculture
MAG-1: Changes in livestock nutrition and pigs’ quality and livestock feed quality
Specific sub-actions within this group of measures concerning the improvement of livestock systems, the level
of production as well as animal feed: a change in the proportion of individual types of fodder to a diet, the use
of additives (fat, amine agents, biological additives), the improvement in the quality of coarse fodder and
morbidity through the suspension of grazing systems. These measures relate to the potential reduction of
emissions of nitrogen compounds and ammonia from the enteric fermentation and manure management.
Professional literature mentions the potential reduction of ammonia emissions from liquid pig manure
component to 40 % [7].Given the proportion of pigs on management systems that are suitable for the
application of this measure [ 8], a conservative expert estimate may be used to reduce ammonia emissions from
pig manure management systems to 15 % by 2030.
MAG-2: Anaerobic digestion of manure and the production of biogas
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The introduction of a biogas plant leads to the removal of methane emissions from the disposal of the
discarded litter and renewable electricity generation. The measure is linked with the renewable sources in the
production of electricity and heat, and the construction of CHP installations in the energy sector. Anaerobic
digestion helps biogas plants reduce the source of easily degradable carbon in the fertiliser which applies to
farmland, but also has the potential to reduce N2O emissions from the nitrification process, as well as the
ammonia emissions. A conservative expert assessment of reducing ammonia emissions (based on the potential
to reduce N2O emissions) is 5 % of the emissions from the manure management system for dairy cows, pigs,
laying hens and broilers.
MAG-3: Improving livestock plants, manure management systems and routes of administration organic fertilisers
Cover up the storage site for (current) manure — creating natural layer (rind) with natural (straw) or porous)
artificial material. This measure decreases the direct emission of methane and ammonia, although to a lesser
extent, the nitrification (porous material) process and cause a slight increase of nitrogen oxide emissions. The
literature states the possible reduction of ammonia emissions from livestock manure, in the range of 78 % —
94 % (pigs), and 71 % — 86 % — (bovine) [7].In view of the proportion of bovine and porcine animals on
management systems that are suitable for the application of this measure [ 8], a conservative expert estimate
may be used to reduce the sectoral emission of ammonia of 30 % for bovine animals and 35 % for pigs until
2030. Further reduction of emissions is possible through the injection of an organic fertiliser instead of its
spray, thereby reducing ammonia emissions as a result of the application of organic fertiliser to 90 % [9].The
expert evaluation is to reduce the sectoral emissions of ammonia from manure management sources (for cattle
and pigs) by an additional 10 %, as well as particulate matter for ~ 5 % by applying this method of applying
organic fertiliser to agricultural land.
MAG-4: Improving methods for the application of mineral fertilisers
The use of new fertilisers slow slow practices for cultivation of maize and wheat (fertilisers with polymers
enabling polymers to reduce the need to apply a fertiliser per hectare (due to lower nitrogen losses) with
unchanged or increased revenues. Further reduction of the NHH 3 emission is possible by reducing the use of
urea to other types of mineral fertilisers.
MAG-5: Psychological and natural disaster protection systems
The construction of drainage, irrigation and protection systems from floods, droughts and other natural
disasters, in addition to the direct benefits of reducing production costs and increasing the quality of the
harvest, can also have an impact on the reduction of nutrient losses as a result of leaching and leaching,
resulting in a reduced need for nitrogen application, thus also for the use of mineral fertilisers. In total,
ammonia emissions from the sector were assessed at 1 % level. MAG-6: Introduction of new cultivars, varieties and species
Fostering the development, education and deployment of technologies at national and regional level, fostering
the transition and adaptation of the entire production chain to produce new crops or facilitating and
encouraging the use of cultivars and varieties that are more resistant to drought and diseases and have lower
carbon footprint. It is, with other advantages, geared towards reducing the need to introduce nitrogen into soil
through fertilisers and therefore ammonia emissions. The expert evaluation shall be the lower ammonia
emission at sectoral level, up to 1 %.
Intersectoral measures
MCC-P-1: Support to increase the administrative, technical and management capacities of local communities
Support should be provided to increase the administrative, technical and management capacities of local
communities in the implementation of air quality action plans. This can be achieved through a LIFE project to
help cities implement actions more efficiently and monitor progress and to strengthen coordination of national
and local action. There is also a need for the general public and stakeholders to be more aware of the problems
of air pollution and possible measures to reduce emissions and examples of good practice.
For a more active inclusion of local policy and easier funding, positive effects should be reported through
money savings in health care, in particular the awareness that improvements in air quality can save substantial
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financial resources in the healthcare sector.
A number of coordinated actions of a number of sectors are coordinated by the cities, namely the persistence
and financial rigidity of the city and there are no usual sources of funding for a holistic approach.
Progress on the quality of air achieved by emission reductions at European and national level is relatively
slightly visible on local levels when viewed in the perspective a few years. Decision-makers and local public
opinion felt that achieving the objective must be achieved through the same effort of all those that contribute to
pollution, partly because allocation of financial resources of local administrations is not sufficient for the
necessary emission reductions. A coordinated activity and financial contribution from different levels,
European funds, national co-financing and a local component are essential.
MCC-P-2: Support for the elaboration of documentation to provide additional financial resources for more effective implementation of air quality action plans
The NEC Directive provides that assistance in the planning and implementation of air quality action plans may
be implemented by co-financed EU funding via LIFE and the EU Structural Funds.
Consequently, it is proposed that the necessary technical analyses are carried out and the design dossier
provided for the declaration of the financing from the Structural Funds for the 2021-2027 cycle (envelope).The
project would serve to encourage the substitution of conventional (non-efficient) combustion plants using fuel
wood with efficient combustion plants fitted with ECO standards, pellet systems or technologies on fuels with
lower pollutant emissions, in particular in zones/agglomerations with exceedances of PM2,5.
MCC-3: Support for research related to the planning of Pams and to monitor their impacts on emissions and air quality
Research should help identify cost-effective measures, measures that are positive for the development of the
economy, employment, research to help transfer the knowledge on best available techniques and the
application of good practices. Tools, models of emission assessment and air pollution, techniques for
determining the contribution of individual sources of air pollution, IT support and databases for quantitative
monitoring of progress and reporting are needed. Synergy links with measures from various sectors and
encouraging a holistic approach.
5.2 Impact ON THE AIR OF THE AIR OF THE LAND PAM OR THE PACKAGED
PACKAGING OF PAM AND THE PACKAGING OBLIGATIONS OF THE EMISSION
(Item 2.6.2)
Table 2.6.2 refers to the impact on the air quality and the environment of the individual PWC, or the PAM
package, to meet the emission reduction commitments.
The Republic of Croatia has no available information to support the assessment of the impact on air quality of
the application of the PAM, or the PAM package, to meet the emission reduction commitments.
5.3 Calculation OF THE EXPENDITURE AND BENEFICIARIES OF THE PACKINGS OF THE
PAM OR THE PACKAGED PACKAGING OF THE PACKAGING OBLIGATIONS OF THE
EMISSION OF THE EMISSION OF THE EMISSION OF THE EMISSION
Member States are encouraged to report on the projected cost estimates, which are to be according to reporting
under the MMR to support climate change mitigation, as follows:
- Cost in euro per tonne of reduction of pollutant
- Absolute cost of investments and annual benefits in euro
- Qualitative description and ratio, cost benefit calculation
- Annual costs for estimated expenditure
2.6.2The impact on the air quality and the environment of the individual PAM or the PAM packages
considered to meet emission reduction commitments
Where appropriate, impacts on air quality (reference to the recommended air
quality targets may be referenced to the WHO) and the environment. Not available. More research is needed.
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- The year for which the estimates have been calculated.
Only the indicative costs for the individual measures for which an evaluation can be made on the basis of the
available data are shown in Table 2.6.3.
2.6.3Calculating the cost and benefits of the individual PAM or PAM packages considered to meet the
reduction commitments emissions Name and summary
description of individual PAM or the PAM package:
Cost EUR per tonne
reduction of pollutant:
Absolute cost
investment (EUR)
Annual benefits (EUR)
Excise (s) benefit ratio:
Annual costs (EUR)
Qualitative description of the cost benefit calculation:
MEN-1: Integration of pollutant emission reduction measures in planning documents and energy renovation projects in buildings
NO NO NO NO NO
It is at the national level to coordinate the design of measures and to focus on priority channelling the
resources expected to be derived from other commitments on the
basis of PAM.
At project/regional level, costs and benefits should be estimated in the light of selected specific
actions.
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24National irrigation and agricultural land and water management project in Croatia, 2005
2.6.3Calculating the cost and benefits of the individual PAM or PAM packages considered to meet the
reduction commitments emissions Name and summary
description of individual PAM or the PAM package:
Cost EUR per tonne
reduction of pollutant:
Absolute cost
investment (EUR)
Annual benefits (EUR)
Excise (s) benefit ratio:
Annual costs (EUR)
Qualitative description of the cost benefit calculation:
MTR-1: Integration of measures to reduce pollutant emissions in planning documents and road transport projects
NO NO NO NO NO
It is at the national level to coordinate the design of measures and to focus on priority channelling the
resources expected to be derived from other commitments on the
basis of PAM. At project/regional level, costs
and benefits should be estimated in the light of selected specific
actions.
MAG-1: Transformation in livestock nutrition and feed quality
NO 5.300.000 13.000.000 0,4 NO
Expert evaluation by Agronomski Faculty of Experts
in Faculty of Experts. The absolute cost results from the
application of all the sub-measures to all relevant groups
of animals, and increased competitiveness and production.
MAG-2: Anaerobic digestion of manure and the production of biogas
NO NO NO NO NO Not known.
MAG-3: Improvement livestock installations, animal waste management systems and method of application of the organic fertiliser
NO 120.000.000 13.000.000 9,2 NO
Expert evaluation by Agronomski Faculty of Experts in Faculty of Experts. The cost relates to the entire period up to
2050, and investments in facilities and equipment used for
more than one year. Increased competitiveness and production
benefit from increased competitiveness and production.
MAG-4: Improvement of methods of application mineral fertilisers
NO NO 10.000.000 NO NO
Expert evaluation by Agronomski Faculty of Experts
in Faculty of Experts. The calculation is based on saving the total amount of applied m.
fertiliser.
MAG-5: Psychological and natural disaster protection systems
NO 1.000.000.000 4.500.000 222,2 NO
The cost of an expert expert evaluation based on the given
starting points and targets (area) of the24 plan’s NAV.The benefit
is reduced in the production, consumption of means of protection and fertilisers.
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5.4 MORE DETAILS FOR THE POLICY OPTIONS LISTED IN APPENDIX III PART 2 TO
DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/2284 TARGETING THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR TO MEET
THE REDUCTION COMMITMENTS
For the measures listed in Appendix II. 2 of the NEC Directive, the specific reporting requirements, whether or
not mandatory measures have been implemented, are the optional measures included in the Programme and
some modifications were made to them. Measures for ammonia emission reduction are laid down in Article 22.
NEC Regulation.
Table 2.6.4 provides further details for the policy options listed in Appendix III — Part 2 to NEC of the
Directive, which target the agriculture sector to meet the reduction commitments (M).
2.6.3Calculation of the cost and benefits of the
individual PAM — a or PAM packages considered to meet reduction
commitments emissions Name and summary
description of individual PAM or the PAM package:
Cost EUR per tonne
reduction of pollutant:
Absolute cost
investment (EUR)
Annual benefits (EUR)
Excise (s) benefit ratio:
Annual costs (EUR)
Qualitative description of the cost benefit calculation:
MAG-6: Introduction of new cultivars, varieties and species
NO NO 10.000.000 NO NO
In addition to the use of a presumption of negligible entry
costs (which only relate to education, without the incentive to produce), while increasing the competitiveness, production and
expansion of suitable soil.
MCC-1: Support increase administrative, technical and Steering capacity local communities
NO 5.000.000 NO NO NO Assessment of administrative
costs for development
MCC-2: Support the elaboration of documentation to provide additional financial resources for a more effective implementation of air quality action plans
NO 1.000.000 NO NO NO Assessment of administrative
costs for development
MCC-3: Supporting research related to the planning of POM- this and monitoring their effects on emissions and air quality
NO 1.000.000 NO NO NO
The benefits of this measure will be larger in size than
investment, as it will offer a choice of cost-effective measures
and monitor their real impact. Money will not be invested in
costly measures and implementation will be optimal, as much as necessary to achieve
the objectives.
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2.6.4Further details for policy options under Appendix III, Part 2 to NEC of the Directive targeting the
agriculture sector to meet reduction commitments (M): List of measures included in Annex III Part 2 Was PAM included
in the Air Pollution
Control
Programme?
Yes/No (M):
If yes, — Please
indicate the
chapter/page
number in the
Programme:
(M):
Was PAM correct? Yes/No (M):
If no, describe the modifications
made (M):
A. Measures for the control of ammonia emissions 1Member States shall establish a national
advisory code of good agricultural
practice for the control of ammonia
emissions, taking into account the
UNECE Framework Code for Good
Agricultural Practice for Reducing
Ammonia Emissions from 2014, which
shall cover at least the following items
(M): a) nitrogen management, taking
account of the entire nitrogen cycle; b) livestock feeding strategies;
c) low-emission manure expansion
techniques; d) low-emission fertiliser storage
systems; e) low-emission animal systems;
f) options for limiting the emission of
ammonia from the use of mineral
fertilisers.
Yes (measures
MAG-1, MAG-2, MAG-3, MAG-4)
No
Ministry of Agriculture, under Article
22Regulations on national reduction
commitments for certain air pollutants in
the Republic of Croatia (NN No 76/18)
are in the process of drawing up the
National Advisory Principles on Good
Agricultural Practice in accordance with
the 2014 United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe Principles of
Good Agricultural Practice for Reducing
Ammonia Emissions, which include: - nitrogen management, taking into
account the full nitrogen cycle - livestock feeding strategies - low-emission manure spreading
techniques - low-emission manure storage systems - low-emission animal housing systems - possibilities for limiting ammonia
emissions from the use of mineral
fertilisers.
2Member States may establish a national
nitrogen budget to monitor the change in
total losses of reactive nitrogen from
agriculture, including ammonia, nitrous
oxide, ammonium, nitrates and nitrites,
based on the principles set out in the
UNECE document on nitrogen budget:
No No
3Member States shall prohibit the use of
ammonium carbonate fertilisers (M) and
may reduce ammonia emissions from inorganic fertilisers using the following approaches: a) replacement of urea-based fertilisers on
ammonium nitrate fertilisers; b) if urea-based fertilisers continue to apply, using
methods that have been shown to reduce
ammonia emissions by at least 30 % compared
with the use of the reference
Yes
Yes
Prohibition of use of the
ammoniacal carbonate fertilisers are those laid down
in Article 22(2).Regulations on national
obligations to reduce certain air
pollutants in the Republic of Croatia
(NN No 76/18).
The possibility to reduce ammonia
emissions from inorganic fertilisers by
using approach a) to c) is not taken over
into Croatian law
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2.6.4Further details for policy options under Appendix III, Part 2 to NEC of the Directive targeting the
agriculture sector to meet reduction commitments (M): List of measures included in Annex III Part 2 Was PAM included
in the Air Pollution
Control
Programme?
Yes/No (M):
If yes, — Please
indicate the
chapter/page
number in the
Programme:
(M):
Was PAM correct? Yes/No (M):
If no, describe the modifications
made (M):
methods, as specified in the ammonia
guidelines; c) encouraging the replacement of
inorganic fertilisers with organic fertilisers and,
where inorganic fertilisers continue to be
applied, disseminate them in line with the
foreseeable requirements of incoming or
grassland with nitrogen and phosphorus, taking
into account the existing soil nutrient and
nutrient content of the nutrients from other
fertilisers.
in this context it is not applicable.
4Member States may reduce ammonia emissions
from livestock manure using the following
approaches: a) the reduction of emissions from the suspension
and application of solid manure to arable land
and grassland, using methods that reduce
emissions by at least 30 % compared with the
reference method described in the Ammonia
Guidance Document and provided that: i. only the spreading of fertilisers and slurry in
accordance with the foreseeable nutrient
requirements of the received crops or grassland
with regard to nitrogen and phosphorus, taking
also into account the existing soil nutrient and
nutrient content of the other fertilisers; ii. not spreading fertilisers and fertilisers where
the receiving country is saturated, submerged,
frozen or snow covered; iii. the application of sludge spreads on grassland
with an accompanying hose, companion, or
through a shallow or deep injection; iv. inclusion of fertilisers and fertilisers
spread within four hours of that soil spread
within the soil; b) reducing greenhouse gas emissions outside
animal houses by using the following means: where a low emission storage facility or a
technique has been shown to reduce emissions
of ammonia by at least 60 % compared with the
reference method described in the Ammonia
Guidance Document and for existing slurry at
least 40 %;
No No
The possibility of reducing ammonia
emissions from livestock manure using
approaches a) to d) will be an integral
part of the National Advisory Principles
of Good Agricultural Practice which are
in the process of being adopted.
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2.6.4Further details for policy options under Appendix III, Part 2 to NEC of the Directive targeting the
agriculture sector to meet reduction commitments (M): List of measures included in Annex III Part 2 Was PAM included
in the Air Pollution
Control
Programme?
Yes/No (M):
If yes, — Please
indicate the
chapter/page
number in the
Programme:
(M):
Was PAM correct? Yes/No (M):
If no, describe the modifications
made (M):
ii. substituting landfill for solid manure; iii. the provision of farms shall have sufficient
storage capacity for manure application for
manure spreading only during the period
eligible for crop growth: c) reduction of emissions from animal flats, using
systems which have been shown to reduce
ammonia emissions by at least 20 % compared
with the reference method described in the
Ammonia Guidance Document; d) reducing manure emissions by applying low
protein feeding strategies which have been
shown to reduce ammonia emissions by at least
10 % compared to the reference method
described in the Ammonia Guidance
Document.
B. Emission reduction and control measures for particulate matter (PM 2, 5) and black carbon (BC) 1Without prejudice to Annex IIOn mutual
harmonisation between the European
Parliament and the Council (1), Regulation
(EU) No 1306/2013 (1), Member States
may prohibit the open burning of
agricultural harvested residues and forest
waste and residues. Member States shall
monitor and enforce the implementation of
any prohibition carried out pursuant to the
first subparagraph. Any exemptions to such
a ban should be limited to preventive
programmes to avoid uncontrolled fires,
control pests or protect biodiversity.
No
No
The good agricultural and
environmental condition of GAEC 6
GAECs, (Narodne novine (NN; official
Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos
32/15, 45/16, 26/18, 84/18), lays down
the management of harvested residues
and the prevention of the pest
management of unwanted vegetation
with the aim of preserving soil and
carbon content in the soil.
Harvesting residues from agricultural
land must not be incinerated. The
harvested residues shall not be
considered to be residues resulting from
the deposition of permanent crops.
The incineration of harvested residues
shall be allowed only in order to prevent
the spread or the control of pests of
plants on which a formal measure may
be ordered.
The fulfilment of this condition
maintains a favourable soil organic
matter level in the soil necessary for the
production of the agricultural
production, prevents the risk of fire,
prevents smoke pollution and ash,
prevents fire destruction of the micro,
and
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2.6.4Further details for policy options under Appendix III, Part 2 to NEC of the Directive targeting the
agriculture sector to meet reduction commitments (M): List of measures included in Annex III Part 2 Was PAM included
in the Air Pollution
Control
Programme?
Yes/No (M):
If yes, — Please
indicate the
chapter/page
number in the
Programme:
(M):
Was PAM correct? Yes/No (M):
If no, describe the modifications
made (M):
macrofauna, improves the physico-
chemical properties of the soil and
stimulates biological activity in the
surface layer of the soil. The burning of
harvested residue on agricultural areas is
prohibited for the purpose of this
condition.
2Member States may establish a national advisory
code of good agricultural practice for a proper
management of the remainder of the harvest,
based on the following approaches: a) improvement of soil structure through harvest
residue; b) improved techniques to install harvest residues; c) alternative use of harvesting residues; d) improving the nutrient status and soil structure
by installing fertilisers as necessary for
optimum plant growth, leading to an exact
incineration of manure (slurry and deep water
layer).
No
No
On 26 May 2015, the European
Commission approved the Rural
Development Programme of the
Republic of Croatia. Croatia for the period 2014—
2020.constructed by agents of the
Ministry of Agriculture; and Paying agencies for agriculture, fisheries
and rural.
The programme defined 18 measures
aimed at increasing the competitiveness
of Croatian agriculture, forestry and the
processing industry, as well as
improving living and working
conditions in rural areas.
The programme also includes measure
M2: Advisory services, farm
management and farm relief services,
governed by the Rules on the
implementation of measure 02:
Advisory services, farm management
and farm relief services referred to in the
Rural Development Programme Republic of Croatia for the period
2014— 2020(Narodne novine (NN;
official Gazette of the Republic of
Croatia) No 123/15)
C. Farming on small scale (M):
In taking the measures set out in Sections A
and B, Member States must ensure that impacts
on small and micro farms are fully taken into
account.
Member States may, for example, exempt
small and micro farms from these measures
No No
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2.6.4Further details for policy options under Appendix III, Part 2 to NEC of the Directive targeting the
agriculture sector to meet reduction commitments (M): List of measures included in Annex III Part 2 Was PAM included
in the Air Pollution
Control
Programme?
Yes/No (M):
If yes, — Please
indicate the
chapter/page
number in the
Programme:
(M):
Was PAM correct? Yes/No (M):
If no, describe the modifications
made (M):
where possible and appropriate in light of the
applicable reduction commitments (M).
The thultacets
shall be Procedure (s) for
consultation
procedure (s):
Time period consultations:
Summary of outcomes in relation to the selection of PAM: Link to documents
produced after
consultation: National m responsible
for the
attention of
the competent
authorities, in
accordance
with Directive
2003/35
Workshops on project “Support Republic of Croatia in create Strategies low — carbon development (LEDS)’
Sectoral
workshops took
place between
14.9.2012 and
14.11.2012
Sector workshops were held by energy
transport sector (14.9.2012), agriculture
(20.9.2012), energy and industry (24.9.2012),
waste management (2.10.2012), LULUCF
(19.10.2012), buildings sector (26.10.2012) and
tourism (14.11.2012).The workshops were
representatives of national competent
authorities, sectoral experts, representatives of
industry associations, NGOs and the public
concerned. Discussed on long-term, low-carbon
development measures. Key action by sector is
provided on the link.
http: //www.mzoi p.hr/doc/tranzicij a_dilac_low in development Croatia_Croatia.pdf
National m to the
competent
Workshops at
expert Sectoral
workshops from
Sector workshops were held by energy
installation and industry sectors (13.5.2015),
transport
http: //www.mzoi p.hr/hr/klima/stra
6. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION
Article 19(7) provides: The Ministry shall report on the proposal for the Air Pollution Control Programme and
any relevant changes, prior to their completion and adoption by the Government of the Republic of Croatia, in
accordance with national regulations governing the public’s participation in environmental matters and
consultation with the competent authorities which, due to their specific environmental responsibilities in the
field of air pollution, quality and governance at national level, concern the implementation of the NAPCP. this
is also laid down in Article 5(5).NEC Directive. Cross-border consultations also take place where appropriate
(Article 19(8)NEC and Article 5(6) of the Regulation. NEC of the Directive).
The following table (s) of Table 2.7.1 is the results of the consultations — which have been brought forward
before the end of the programme — with the general public and the competent authorities, which, due to their
specific environmental responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and governance at all levels, are
likely to be interested in the results in the implementation of the national air pollution control programme and,
where possible, of transboundary consultations.
Stakeholder consultations were carried out when drawing up the technical support for the Croatian Strategy for
Low Carbon Development of Croatia until 2030 with an outlook to 2050 and is included in the teaching table.
2.7.1Results of the consultations — prior to closure of the programme — for the general public, for the competent authorities
which, due to their specific nature
environmental responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and governance at all levels,
are likely to be interested in the results in the implementation of the national air pollution control programme;
__________ ______________ where possible, transboundary consultations________________ _______________
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2.7.1Results of the consultations — prior to closure of the programme — for the general public, for the competent
authorities which, due to their specific nature environmental responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and governance at all levels,
vieriatic will be interested in the results in the implementation of the national air pollution control programme. where possible, transboundary consultations The thultacets
shall be Procedure (s) for
consultation
procedure (s):
Time period consultations:
Summary of outcomes in relation to the selection of PAM: Link to documents
produced after
consultation: authorities, on
the basis of
Directive
2003/35 of the
European
Parliament
and of the
Council
basis for The Republic of
Croatia’s Low
Carbon Strategy
for the period up
to 2030 with a
view to the year
2050
13 May by 3 July 2015 years. Final Conference 18 December 2015 years.
(22.5.2015), building sector (29.5.2015),
agriculture and forestry (9.6.2015), Waste
management (3.7.2015). The workshops were representatives of national
competent authorities, sectoral experts,
representatives of industry associations, NGOs
and the public concerned. Analyses of the
situation and needs have been presented and
were discussed in the long term low-carbon
development measures. Presentations are
available on the link.
tennis plants — programmes.html
National m to the
competent bodies, Public compliant
with Shall be
subject to m 2003/35, Local to the
competent bodies, Regional m to the
competent bodies
Public consultation on
the draft Croatia’s low-
carbon
development
strategies for the
period up to 2030
with regard to
2050 and the
Strategic
Environmental
Impact Studies
The Ministry of
Environment
and Energy has
set the Draft
Strategy for a
Low Carbon
Development of
the Republic of
Croatia for the
period until
2030 with a
view to 2050 at
e: Consulted in the
period from 16
June 2017 to 16
July 2017. On 14 July
2017, in
Croatia, the
Chamber of
Commerce was
held in public. presentation and
discussion on
the draft
strategy.
A total of 12 natural and legal persons
submitted comments to the Draft Strategy, of
which six were natural persons, two public
institutions, one public company, two non-
governmental organisations and one public
limited company. Among the recurrent questions and comments,
some of the most important points are: • A Strategic and rapid development should
work once an Energy Strategy has been
developed. • Whether indicative share targets will be
indicative OIE should become binding on the
Republic of Croatia?What will be if they
are not to be achieved? • The surge in electricity demand is
overestimated. • The statistical corrections in the energy
balance concerning the use of biomass for
heating purposes in the household sector
influence the change in the total RES
share, the uncertainties and the
consequences of the changes in the data
should be further investigated. • Be more detail on, the document should be
shortened. • The strategy is not sufficiently detailed —
further clarifications are needed regarding
methodology, models, input data,
implementing measures. • How will the planned increase of central
heat supply systems in the heat supply
process? • Hydropower Pitot as multipurpose
projects? • Consistency in the application of the
circular economy, regarding the energy
use of waste. Most of the questions related to energy, there
were several issues relating to waste
management, agriculture and
https: //esavjetov anja.gov.hr/ECo FAO/Minster? e ntityId = 5575
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2.7.1Results of the consultations — prior to closure of the programme — for the general public, for the competent
authorities which, due to their specific nature environmental responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and governance at all levels,
vieriatic will be interested in the results in the implementation of the national air pollution control programme. where possible, transboundary consultations The thultacets
shall be Procedure (s) for
consultation
procedure (s):
Time period consultations:
Summary of outcomes in relation to the selection of PAM: Link to documents
produced after
consultation:
the land use sector and land-use change
(LULUCF). The Ministry of the Environment has decided
to defer the adoption of the Low Carbon
Strategy, as long as it does not draw up an
Energy Strategy. The Draft Low Carbon
Strategy and the New Energy Strategy will
serve to create a National Integrated Energy
Roadmap, a document to the Republic of
Croatia to define its binding targets under the
common EU policy to deliver on commitments
under the Paris Agreement up to 2030.
National m to the
competent bodies, Manifold normal consultation a
Project
“Assistance to
MS in implementation
of N of GHG projections guidelines’. The consortium what it did companies TNO, Aether,
UBA Vienna,
Amec, kosen-
Institute, ICC
(E3MLab),
CITEPA and
VTO.
Year 2014 and
2015, s workshops in
Croatia on 16-
17 December 2014. years and
25 February 2015. years
The purpose of the project was to build up
capacity and technical assistance to prepare the
national GHG projections that were expected to
be submitted in 2015 on the basis of Regulation
525/2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and
reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for
reporting other information at national and EU
level related to climate change. Over 18
months, the project team initiated a series of
bilateral consultations and workshops. The
Action Plan consisted of 14 points, some of
which concerned technical and general issues
around drafting and submitting projections
(estimates of macroeconomic data, models
used, delivery of projections, modelling of the
impact of PAM, sensitivity analysis etc.), part
of the energy projections (methodology,
emissions breakdown, entry assumption) and a
part to projections in non-energy sectors. The
project has resulted in improvements of the
system and capacity building to produce
projections of greenhouse gas emissions.
The results of the
project itself are not
publicly available,
but the reports can
be found at http:
//www.haop. soil/climatic — changes/figures a
National m to the
competent bodies, Manifold normal consultation a
Project
“Assistance to
MS in implement n of
GHG projections.
The consortium
represented ICF, Askher, E4SMA and
IIASA
Years 2016 and
2017 with
workshops in
Croatia on 16-
17 December 2014. years and
25 February 2015. years
The purpose of the project was to build up
capacity and technical assistance to prepare the
national GHG projections that were expected to
be submitted in 2015 on the basis of Regulation
525/2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and
reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for
reporting other information at national and EU
level related to climate change. The project
team initiated a series of bilateral consultations
and workshops. The Action Plan consisted of 6 points, of which
4 concerned the LULUCF sector, one on
general questions of completeness and
transparency and the last one on
The results of the
project itself are not
publicly available,
but the reports can
be found at http:
//www.haop. soil/climatic — changes/figures a
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2.7.1Results of the consultations — prior to closure of the programme — for the general public, for the competent
authorities which, due to their specific nature
environmental responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and governance at all levels,
are likely to be interested in the results in the implementation of the national air pollution control programme;
where possible, transboundary consultations
The thultacets
shall be Procedure (s) for
consultation
procedure (s):
Time period consultations:
Summary of outcomes in relation to the selection of PAM: Link to documents
produced after
consultation:
energy projections. Two workshops were held
during the project on LULUCF sector in Croatia has participated and
Croatia’s representatives participated in two
workshops in Brussels. The project has resulted
in improvements of the system and capacity
building to produce projections of greenhouse
gas emissions.
National m to the
competent bodies
Working
meetings and
consultations with
Croatian agri-
forestry advisory
service
Agreeing with the RDP and considering
potential additional measures that are not the
subject of An AECM and other measures; a discussion on
the adoption of the recommendations in the
rules of procedure and the guidance of good
agricultural practice in the form of mandatory
measures.
National m to the
competent bodies: Ministry o hopappayable de, Ministry of
the sea, traffic
and
infrastructure, Ministry o economic VA, Ministry 0 external 1 European
affairs,
Directorate at
the Ministry
of
Environment
and Energy Ex: HAOP, e-
advice was interested Anom the public.
Communication
E-maid and
technical meeting
with the Ministry
of Agriculture, e-
Consultations
In the period 5
February — 12
March
2019
has been
delivered
Draft
to the proposal
programmes
specified
TDU
(ministries
o
agricultural
e,
Ministry
must;
transport and
infrastructures
e,
Ministry
the economy
Ministry
external and
European and
European
Administration
at
Ministry
protection
the
environment,
and
On draft draft control proposal submitted
air pollution, Ministry of Foreign and
of European Affairs and the Ministry
the holdings did not comment.
Comments from the Ministry of Agriculture,
Transport and Infrastructure of the Ministry of
Agriculture; and
Administrations at the Ministry of Environment
and
energy — ex HAOP has been accepted, and
introduced to the Progamma Proposal.
In addition, a meeting was held on 12 March
2019 with the Ministry of Agriculture, which
included all the comments and suggestions
included in the proposal for the Programme.
Not publicly
available
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2.7.1Results of the consultations — prior to closure of the programme — for the general public, for the competent
authorities which, due to their specific nature environmental responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and governance at all levels,
vieriatic will be interested in the results in the implementation of the national air pollution control programme. where possible, transboundary consultations The thultacets
shall be Procedure (s) for
consultation
procedure (s):
Time period consultations:
Summary of outcomes in relation to the selection of PAM: Link to documents
produced after
consultation:
energy — ex
HATP)
It has also been
held e — Consultation SA interested in the
interest in the
public over 30
days after all
TDU has
received.
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7. MEASURES AND POLICIES SELECTED FOR ADOPTION BY
SECTOR, INCLUDING A TIMETABLE FOR THEIR ADOPTION,
IMPLEMENTATION AND AUDITING, AND THE RESPONSIBLE
AUTHORITIES
This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.8 "The policies selected for their adoption, implementation and review
and the competent authorities responsible”.
7.1 Individual BODIES AND RESPONSIBLE FOR USING AND RESPONSIBLE FOR
DESIGNATION AND RESPONSIBLE FOR DESIGNATION AND RESPONSIBLE FOR
AUTHORITIES
The obligation for Member States to select the most promising additional measures and to include it in
NPCP.In doing so, they shall report on additional information for the selected additional individual PAP or
PAM packages chosen for inclusion in the NPCP as follows (see 2.8.1 table):
- planned year for adoption and timetable for implementation (year (s))
- planned schedule for the audit (year)
- competent authorities responsible for the implementation and regulation of PAM.
The following table (2.8.1) was those which were selected for adoption as well as their respective competences.
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2.8.1Individual PAM, or package of HP selected for adoption and the responsible authorities (M
Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M):
Currently scheduled a year (M):
Relevant comments stemming from consultations in relation to individual PAM or the PAM package:
Current timetable for implementation (M)
Intermediate targets and indicators selected for monitoring progress in the implementation of the selected PAM:
Current timeline for audit (review) (if different from the overall update of the NAP every four years) (M):
Competent authorities responsible for the specific PAM or packages — a (M):
Whichever is applicable. start ka (M):
Whichever is applicable. end up Reg. (M):
Temporary objectives
Indicators
MEN-1: Integration of pollutant emission reduction measures in planning documents and energy renovation projects in buildings
2019 — 2021 2030 To adopt action
Number of energy renovated houses in areas where air quality is impaired
2023 MZOIP, MCPP
MTR-1: Integration of measures to reduce pollutant emissions in planning documents and road transport projects
2019 — 2021 2030 To adopt action
Number of vehicles in electric areas where air quality is impaired
2023 MZOIP, MPPI
MAG-1: Transformation in livestock nutrition and feed quality
2019 — 2021 2030 —
Analysis of the quality of livestock food and feed additives
2023 MPS
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2.8.1Individual PAM, or package of HP selected for adoption and the responsible authorities (M
Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M):
Currently scheduled a year (M):
Relevant comments stemming from consultations in relation to individual PAM or the PAM package:
Current timetable for implementation (M)
Intermediate targets and indicators selected for monitoring progress in the implementation of the selected PAM:
Current timeline for audit (review) (if different from the overall update of the NAP every four years) (M):
Competent authorities responsible for the specific PAM or packages — a (M):
Whichever is applicable. start ka (M):
Whichever is applicable. end up Reg. (M):
Temporary objectives
Indicators
MAG-2: Anaerobic digestion of manure and the production of biogas
2019 — 2021 2030 — Share of livestock in digestate
2023 MPS
MAG-3: Improvement livestock installations, system management animal waste and Transport applications organic fertilisers
2019 — 2021 2030
Share of livestock (swine, bovine, poultry) on farms with biofilters, covered lagoons and within livestock housing with relevant microclimate conditions
2023 MPS
MAG-4: Improving methods for the application of mineral fertilisers
2019 — 2021 2030 —
The amount of urea and mineral fertilisers applied to the slow-release of nitrogen;
2023 MPS
MAG-5: Psychological and natural disaster protection systems
2019 — 2021 2030 —
Area of cultivated land under irrigation, sanitation and protection against natural disasters
2023 MPS
MAG-6: Introduction of new cultivars, varieties and species
2019 — 2021 2030 —
Area of land and yields of new cultivars, varieties and crops
2023 MPS
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2.8.1Single PAM/AM package selected for adoption and responsible authorities (M) Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M):
Currently scheduled a year (M):
Relevant comments stemming from consultations in relation to individual PAM or the PAM package:
Current timetable for implementation (M)
Intermediate targets and indicators selected for monitoring progress in the implementation of the selected PAM:
Current timeline for audit (review) (if different from the overall update of the NAP every four years) (M):
Competent authorities responsible for the specific PAM or packages — a (M):
Whichever is applicable. start ka (M):
Whichever is applicable. end up Reg. (M):
Temporary objectives
Indicators
MCC-1: Support increase administrative, technical and Steering capacity local Community
2019 — 2021 2030 To adopt action
Number of workshops held,
number of new portals,
number of new promotion materials;
number information campaign;
number of projects reported for funding via LIFE programme,
FZEU number of competitions,
number of other schemes and funds mobilised to ensure the implementation of the action
2023 MZOIP, MPPI
MCC-2: Support to provide additional financial resources for more effective implementation of air quality action plans
2019 — 2021 2030 To adopt action
Number of projects reported for funding via LIFE programme,
FZEU number of competitions,
number of other schemes and funds mobilised to ensure the implementation of the action
2023 MZOIP, MPPI
MCC-3: Supporting research related to the planning of POM- this and monitoring their effects on emissions and air quality
2019
2019 2025
Adopt a measure, to incorporate it into the funding plans;
Number of projects
2023 MZOIP, MZIO
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7.2 Assessment OF OSIGURING RODENTS COMPLIANCE with the plans and programmes set up in
other relevant policy areas
Once additional milestones for inclusion in the initial NAPPCP have been selected for adoption, the competent
authorities have carried out an overall coherence assessment to ensure that NPCP is consistent with other relevant
policies and programmes.
Table 2.8.2 provides an explanation of the selection of selected measures and an assessment of how the selected
POM- and ensure compliance with plans and programmes set out in other relevant policy areas (M)
2.8.2An explanation of the selection of the selected measures and an assessment of how the selected folders ensure compliance with
plans and programmes established in other relevant IM policy areas) Explanation of elections among measures considered in
2.6.1 in order to establish the final set of selected actions All proposed measures have been selected.
Compliance of the selected CMs with air quality
objectives at national level and, where appropriate, in
neighbouring Member States (M):
The PAM package is in line with air quality objectives at
the national and local level, as it is estimated that they
will contribute most to improving air quality in areas
where it is affected.
Compliance of the selected PAM’s with other relevant
plans and programmes established by requirements
established by national or EU legislation (e.g. National
Energy and Climate Plans) (M):
The PAM package shall comply entirely with relevant
plans and programmes established by national legislation
and encourage synergies in the preparation and
implementation of measures compliant with other
relevant Union requirements and programmes
established by requirements established by national or
EU legislation;
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8. Projections of the combined IMPACT of PAM (s) (with ADDITIONAL
MEASURES” — WAM) FOR REDUCTION OF THE EMISSIONS,
QUALITY OF AIR AND THE ENVIRONMENT AND RELATED
uncertainties
This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.9.‘Further Additional Measures of Pats’ (‘With Additive Measures’ —
WAM) on emissions response, air quality and the environment and the associated unceries’.
8.1 EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENT OF EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS
This chapter provides an overview of the projections of the emissions of all NEC Directives for 2020, 2025 and
2030, using the chosen WAM on scenario, outlined in Chapter 5.1.
Plots of projections of emissions projections and reduced emissions for WM and WAM scenarios are summarised
below. SO 2
The projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and the emission reduction commitments of SO 2 are
expected to be met for both scenarios. The WAM scenario results in an additional reduction of 2,87 KT kt 2
compared to the WM scenario by 2030, with the result that the reduction of emissions would be 34.7 % below the
Table 2.9.1 presents projections for achieving emission reduction commitments (WAM) (M)
2.9.1Emission reduction commitments (WAM) (M) Pollutant (M)
Total emissions (kt), consistent
with inventories for year x-3 (M):
% emission reduction
achieved in relation to
2005 (M):
National obligation reductions emission for period 2020-2029 (%) (M):
National
emission
reduction
commitment
from 2030 (%) (M): 2
00
5
Ba
se
yea
rs
20
20
20
25
20
30
20
20
20
25
20
30
SO 2 58,72 7,52 6,99 6,52 87,20 88,09 88,90 55 83 Calculation 84,46 40,94 34,78 30,60 51,53 58,83 63,77 31 57 NMVOC 117,02 50,80 45,56 41,54 56,59 61,07 64,50 34 48 NH 3 42,21 32,58 29,48 26,70 22,81 30,15 36,73 1 25 PM2,5 40,85 18,33 15,66 13,31 55,14 61,67 67,42 18 55
Figure 8-1Historical trend and projections of the SO 2 emissions for WM and WAM scenarios
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commitment in 2030 (in the WM scenario, the level of emissions is 6.0 % below the commitment in 2030).The
main impact on the reduction of the SO 2 emissions have further measures to boost renewable energy sources and
the resulting lower emissions of electricity from fossil fuels as well as lower fugitive emissions.
Calculation
The projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and the reduction commitments for NOx emissions
for both scenarios are expected. The WAM scenario results in an additional reduction of 2,98 kt NOx emissions
relative to the WM scenario by 2030, with the emission reduction target of 12.5 % below the 2030 liability (in the
WM scenario the level of emissions is 3.9 % below the 2030 liability).The main impact on the reduction of NOx
emissions is measured in terms of transport measures, renovation of buildings and the replacement of furnaces
and fuels in the household sector.
NH 3
Projections show how the quota is expected to be met and the emission reduction commitments of NH 3 is
expected only in the WAM scenario. The WAM scenario results in an additional reduction of 8,89 kt NH 3 in
relation to the WAM scenario until 2030, with the emission reduction target of 15.6 % below the 2030
commitment (in the WM scenario, the level of emissions is 12.4 % above the 2030 commitment).The main impact
Figure 8-2Historical trend and NOx emission projections for WM and WAM Scenario
Figure 8-3Historical trend and projections of NH3 emissions for WM and WAM Scenario
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on the reduction of the NH 3 emissions shall have measures in the agricultural sector.
NMVOC
The projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and the reduction commitments for NMVOC
emissions are expected for both scenarios. The WAM scenario results in an additional reduction of 6,08 kt for
NMVOC in relation to the WM scenario by 2030, with the emission reduction target of 31.7 % below the 2030
commitment (in the WM scenario at 21.7 % below the 2030 commitment).The main impact on the reduction of
NMVOC emissions shall have measures towards the renovation of buildings and the replacement of furnaces and
fuels in the household sector, as well as measures in the waste management sector.
PM2,5
The projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and the PM 2,5 emission reduction commitments are
expected to be met. The WAM scenario results in an additional reduction of 2,24 kt PM 2,5 relative to the WM
scenario by 2030, with the emission reduction target of 27.6 % below the 2030 liability (in the WM scenario the
level of emissions is 15.4 % below the 2030 liability).The main influence on emissions reduction takes measures to
restore buildings and to replace furnaces and fuels in the household sector.
Figure 8-4Historical trend and projections of NMVOC emissions for WM and WAM Scenario
Figure 8-5Historical trend and PM23 projections for WM and WAM Scenario
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PM 10
For PM 10 no reduction commitment has been set and the trend and causes of emissions are similar to those for
PM 2.
8.2 NON-LINEAR DERIVED TRACK FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS
When the projections of emissions under the WAM scenario do not result in a linear trajectory between 2020 and
2030, then Member States are required to provide supporting information confirming that the adopted measures
will result in emission reduction commitments for 2030. the linear trajectory shall be acceptable only under
conditions where there is evidence to demonstrate that a non-linear path is economically and technically effective
and does not affect the achievement of any reduction commitment for 2030.(Article 4(2)NEC of the Directive).
In addition, the Member State must demonstrate that from 2025 onwards, a non-linear path converges with a
linear trajectory into the same reduction commitments for 2030. information on emission reduction trajectory
projections, including status 2025, should be included in the draft NAPCP as provided for in Article 6(5), of the
NEC Directive.
The emission projections for the Republic of Croatia according to the WM and the WAM scenario do not exhibit
non-linear trajectory with the reduction trajectory between 2020 and 2030 (see graph in Table 2.9.2. The format).
This shows the trajectory of a reduction of non-linear line emissions (M, where appropriate) the trajectory in
Table 2.9.2.
Figure 8-6Historical trend and projections of PM 10 for WM and WAM Scenario
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2.9.2Pathway of reduction of non-linear emission lines (M, where appropriate) Where a non-linear emission
reduction trajectory is
visible, it shall demonstrate
that it is technically or
economically more efficient
(in the case of alternative
measures that entail
disproportionate costs) and
will not jeopardise the
achievement of any reduction
in commitments in the year
2030, and that the trajectory
converge towards a linear
trajectory from 2025
onwards (M, where
appropriate):
The projections do not exhibit non-linear emission reduction trajectories
between 2020 and 2030 that would go beyond the linear trajectory of
emissions reductions, as shown in the figures below for each pollutant.
SO2
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.0 1
0,00
0,00
~ ~ “— —
«
2010 2015 2020 2025 2005 2030
Historical trend
— With additional measures (WAM) •
Commitment, of 2030.
‘’ S Measures (WM)
• Commitment, 2020 to 2029
— Linear trajectory for emissions reduction
NH3
Calculation
100,00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10,00
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Historical trend — — With measures (WM) — With additional measures (WAM) • Commitment, 2020 to 2029 • Commitment, of 2030 on a linear trajectory for emission reduction
Historical trend — — With measures (WM)
‘’ With additional measures (WAM) • Kvota in 2020
• Quota in 2030 of the Linear Way of Emission Reductions in
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NMVOC
-------- Historical trend — — With measures (WM)
— With additional measures (WAM) • Commitment, 2020 to 2029
• Commitment, of 2030 on a linear trajectory for emission reduction
PM2,5
Historical trend — — With measures (WM)
— With additional measures (WAM) • Commitment, 2020 to 2029
• Commitment, of 2030 on a linear trajectory for emission reduction
PM 10
Historical trend — With measures (WM) — With additional measures (WAM)
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8.3 USE OF FLEXIBILITY
The NEC Directive includes a provision allowing the use of flexibility with regard to the reporting of national
emission inventories in specific circumstances (Article 5NEC of the Directive and Article 23. The text of the
Regulation to NEC).For those flexibilities already existing in the (revised) GP, the terms in NEC Directive are
aligned with those already established according to the CLRTAP, although NEC Directive introduced additional
constraints. Moreover, the use of flexibility requires annual approval by the European Commission.
Flexibilities set out in Article 5(2) and Article 5(4)NEC Directive (and Article 23 para.
4. and paragraph 6. NEC Regulation) generally applies to cases where exceptional circumstances (e.g.
exceptionally cold and ultra-dry, sudden and exceptional interruption or loss of capacity in the electricity supply
and/or production system, which could not reasonably have been foreseen) lead to unplanned failure of the
emission reduction commitments and are therefore not relevant for the first formation of the NAP (but may be
relevant for subsequent updates).
However, the flexibility mechanism described in Article 5(3)NEC Directive and Article 23 para.
5. NEC Regulation is one which can be taken into account in the planning: ‘If, in a given year, a Member State,
for which one or more of the reduction commitments laid down in Annex II are set at a level that is more than the
cost effective reduction laid down in TSAP in 16, cannot comply with the relevant emission reduction commitments
after having implemented all cost-effective measures, it shall be considered to comply with that relevant emission
reduction commitment for a maximum of five years, provided that, for each of these years, it replaces the failure to
comply with the obligation to discharge the emission of the other pollutant listed in Annex II.”
A Member State which fulfils the conditions of Article 5(3).NEC of the Directive and Article 23(5).NEC Regulation
wishing to benefit from the flexibility should ensure that NAG includes measures that ensure:
- the emission reduction commitment shall be fulfilled within five years; and
- the surplus is replaced by an equivalent reduction in emissions of the other pollutant for each of these years.
Member States intending to apply paragraphs 1, 2, 3 or 4 of Article 5NEC of the Directive (paragraphs 1 to 6. The
Commission shall inform the Commission by 15 February of the reporting year concerned.
In suffix 2.9.3. Flexibility allowed the flexibility to use flexibility.
8.4 AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECTIONS
For the purpose of drawing up this Programme, Air quality projects have not been designed.
In order to show the anticipated improvement in air quality in the WAM scenario, a quantitative analysis of the
baseline values in the WAM scenario should be developed, which should deliver the following results:
- number of non-conforming and compliant air quality zones (in total number of zones) for the years 2020,
2025 and 2030,
- provision for maximum exceedances of air quality limit values and mean exposure indicators for the years
2020, 2025 and 2030.
- if quantitative data are not available, the qualitative intended to improve air quality (WAM) and degree of
harmonisation.
The Republic of Croatia will not use flexibility for its first submission.
2.9.3Flexibility (M, gdie ie appropriately) Where flexibility is used, provide a budget for its use
(M, where appropriate) Not used.
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Projections of improvements in air quality (WAM) are not available at national or local level for lack of expertise
and tools to build them.
During the next reporting period through amendments to this programme, in line with the level of improvement of
expertise and assessment tools, modelling and projected air quality improvement projections in Croatia will be
2.9.4Air quality improvements (WAM)
A . projected broi of non-compliant and compatible air quality zone:
As follows: Projection of non-compliant air
quality zones: Projection of number of
compliant air quality zones: Total number of air quality zones:
Sp
ecif
y b
ase
yea
r:
20
20
:
20
25
:
20
30
:
Sp
ecif
y b
asic
y
ear:
20
20
:
20
25
:
20
30
:
Sp
ecif
y b
asic
y
ear:
20
20
:
20
25
:
20
30
:
PM 2,5 (1 year): — — — — — — — — — — — — However, 2 (1 years): — — — — — — — — — — — — PM 10 (1 year): — — — — — ^ — — — — — — O 3 (max. 8 hours
mean): — — — — — — — — — — —
Other (to specify): — — — — — — — ^ — — — —
B. Maximum exceedances of air quality limit values and average exposure indicators: As follows:
Projection of maximum exceeding air quality limit values
for all zones: Projection of the average exposure indicator
(PM2,5 only (1 year)):
Sp
ecif
y b
asic
y
ear:
20
20
:
20
25
:
20
30
:
Ind
icat
e th
e b
ase
yea
r:
20
20
:
20
25
:
20
30
:
PM 2,5 (1 year): ^ — — — — — — — However, 2 (1 years): — — — —
However: 2 (1 hour): — — — —
PM 10 (1 year): — — — —
PM 10 (24 hours): — — — —
O3 (max. 8 hours mean):
— — — —
Other (to specify): ^ — — —
C. Isolations showing the planned improvement of air quality and degree of harmonisation Charts or histograms that illustrate the projected evolution of ambient air concentrations (at
least NO 2, PM 10, PM 2,5 and O 3 and any other pollutants representing a problem) showing,
for example, the division number, from the total of air quality zones, which will be (do) until
2020, 2025 and 2030, the maximum national exceedances provided and the projected
average exposure indicators.
Not available.
D. Qualitative provides for the improvement of air quality and the extent of compliance (WAM) (in case it does not quantitative data in the tables above)
Improvement in quality for the improvement of air
quality and degree of harmonisation (WAM): Not available.
The assessment is that the implementation of the WAM measures could
improve air quality in relation to NO 2, so there is no exceedance as it is
the case in a single agglomeration.
The particle reduction reduction is unlikely to be sufficient to avoid
exceeding the GV for PM 10 and PM 2,5 (daily values), as the contribution
of cross-border remote sensing is high. Achieving the WHO will require a
significantly greater reduction in emissions.
Air quality from the point of view of ozone could be improved but not
significantly so as to remain non-compliant.
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updated in a chapter of the Programme of the Programme.
8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PROJECTIONS
For the years 2020, 2025 and 2030, Member States should report the projected impact on the environment in the
WAM scenario. The indicators should be aligned with those applied on the basis of the LRTAP Convention of the
exposure of ecosystems to acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone25.Member States may provide a
qualitative description of these effects or to quantify the effects in terms of the share of the exposed territory of the
Member State (%):
- acidification above the level of critical level
- eutrophication exceedances of critical levels
- ground-level ozone in exceedance of a threshold
The Plan on Air Protection, Ozone Layer and Climate Change Mitigation in Croatia for the period 2013-2017 (NN
No 139/13) envisaged implementing MPR-13 of the thresholds for harmful nitrogen deposition to determine the
degree of vulnerability to biodiversity in protected areas in Croatia. A measure has not been implemented and no
condition has been made to predict the environmental impact of the WAM on the scenario.
Table 2.9.5 of environmental impact projections (WAM) is not available at national or local level.
8.6 WAM PAM methodology AND uncertainty PAM
A sensitivity analysis was also carried out. In addition to sensitivity analysis depending on hydrological
conditions, a sensitivity analysis was performed and for other parameters that are essential for the electricity
system. The sensitivity to change in the following parameters was analysed:
• for the WAM scenario:
on net imports of up to 30 % of electricity, instead of scenario without net importation (excluding
Krško nuclear power plant);
net imports up to 30 % of electricity, instead of a scenario without net imports (except from the
Krško nuclear power plant), but in combination with 30 % lower natural gas price (compared to
EU reference scenario 2016);
25 https://www.rivm.nl/media/documenten/cce/manual/Manual_UBA_Texte.pdf
2.9.5Proieekciia tiecia for the Environment (WAM)
Base year used
for the
environmental
impact
assessment [specify]
2020: 2025: 2030: Description:
Exposure of national territory to acidification in
exceedance of the critical load threshold (%)
— — — — —
National territory exposed to eutrophication in
exceedance of the critical load threshold (%)
— — — — —
National territory exposed to ground floor zone in
exceedance of the critical load threshold (%)
— — — — —
In its table 2.9.6, the link with the methodology and the uncertainty of the WAM is PAM.
2.9.6WAM methodologies and uncertainties oniiia PAM
Details of methodologies/models used to determine
impact: Vidj eti Head e 4.1.1
Indicate the key assumptions and associated uncertainties
for WAM PAM:
Vidj eti Head e 4.1.1
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An examination of the analysis is given in Table 8-1 and Figure 8-7.
Table 8-1: Review of the sensitivity analysis
Scenario
analysing the
sensitivity of the
projections
Changed parameters Impact on pollutant emissions
WAM Net imports up to 30 % of electricity,
instead of scenario without net importation
(excluding Krško nuclear power plant)
Allowing net imports of electricity while keeping the rest of
the unchanged parameters would lead to a lower operation of a
fossil fuel power plant and lower pollutant emissions. Visible
emission reductions for SO 2 are up to 3 %, by up to 1.5 % NOx and below 1 % for NMVOC in 2030.
WAM
Net imports up to 30 % of electricity,
instead of a scenario without net imports
(excluding Krško nuclear power plant) but
in combination with 30 % lower natural
gas price (compared to EU reference
scenario 2016 prices)
In case of a further change of the import price of natural gas
(price decreases), the difference compared to the WAM would
be lower, as electricity production from natural gas would be
cheaper, but the emissions still show lower values compared
to the WAM scenario.
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8.7 MONITORING PROGRESS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES
AND NATIONAL POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME
The procedures for determining the progress made in the current packages are described in Chapter 3.2. When
designing the NAP, Member States have to ensure that the progress in the implementation of the NPCP as a
whole, as well as for any additional SPS, is monitored by continuous and systematic data collection.
Intermediate targets should be established, where appropriate to ensure the early detection of any problems
that may arise with the implementation and application of the NAPCP and PAM. for NPCP as a whole,
progress with respect to the emission reduction trajectory established in the initial NPCP should be
undertaken.
Monitoring of the NAP and the individual PAM should be done throughout their life-cycle and at relevant
levels of implementation (i.e. national/regional/local):
• Implementation: the introduction of a PAM in law, plans and programmes at a local, regional and/or
national level as defined in the NAPPCP;
• Application: monitoring progress on the SRM according to their initial objectives. This should be
supported by monitoring individual indicators as described below;
• Compliance and enforcement: monitoring concrete actions by operators, authorities and agencies,
monitoring all inspections taking place and implementation measures implemented.
When defining indicators for PCP and individual PAM, Member States should ensure that these are relevant
(i.e. associated with the objectives of the NAPCP and PAM), accepted by the relevant stakeholders, reliable
(easy to interpret), simple (for monitoring) and robust (anti-manipulation).The indicators may be both
quantitative and qualitative. The exact choice of the indicator depends on the content and the administrative
framework in which the NPCP and individual PAM have been set up. For PAA- these targets a direct
emission reduction, the minimum change in annual emissions and contribution to concentrations from key
(relevant) sources should be monitored as a minimum.
Monitoring of progress in the implementation of the PAM and the national air pollution control programme
was monitored in Table 2.9.7.
2.9.7Monitoring progress on the implementation of the PAM and the national air pollution control programme Indicators selected for monitoring progress
in the implementation and/or
implementation of selected PAM:
- Report on the implementation of each plan and programme at national and local
level (plans, action plans and programmes), - Reduced vehicle odometer; - Number of vehicles with low emissions; - Share of facilities using the advanced mitigation system; - Replaced the number of household inefficient furnaces and boilers; - Number of houses fitted with insulation - Annual emissions from sources, - Contribution of the sources to concentrations of pollutants in ambient air
Indicators selected for monitoring progress
in the implementation and/or
implementation of NPCP.
- Report on the implementation of the measures foreseen by the WM and the
WAM scenario of the NPCP - Updating the relevant laws and regulations - Including PAM in laws, plans and programmes at local and national level - JLS number updating their air quality plans - Achieved emission reductions per year in relation to the planned emission
reduction trajectory - Reduction in concentrations of air pollutants (by measurement and using model)
Interim targets set at the level of the PAM
and/or NPCP: - Control of the implementation of specific actions defined in this Programme,
which need to be taken by operators, competent authorities, agencies, - Monitoring the implementation of the action plans; - Monitoring the operation of an inspection and its work undertaken;
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To monitor progress in the implementation of air quality action plans, one of the measures is:
Setting up of tools/systems to assess progress by modelling urban air pollution, including by specifying the
contribution of transboundary air pollution, regional contributions and contributions from individual groups of
sources to transboundary air pollution. In fact, air quality measurements for a period of one year or several
years can show a deterioration in air quality, although emissions have been reduced. Floor level
concentrations depend heavily on meteorological climate conditions, such as in some years it may be, for
example, greater days from stagnating air masses and cumulation of pollution, and the transfer of pollution
from other areas may be very different from one year to another. By applying a model, each emission
reduction will be able to determine how much the improvement of air quality is as a result. Models can be also
more robust, type in order to be practical for use, an important comparison with the initial year of
implementation of a specific plan to improve air quality, and a relative assessment gives good information.
- In the zones contributing the most to particulate pollution (home boilers), the precise determination of
the technologies and fuels used should be determined. This will allow assessing the impact of
measures and the planning of incentive schemes as well as the level of financial resources needed.
- In strategic environmental studies and environmental impact studies, particular attention should be
paid to parts relating to particulate emissions and impact on air quality.
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9. DISSEMINATION OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME
This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.10.‘Examination of the national acquisition and control programme’, a
common format for reporting national air pollution control programmes pursuant to NEC Directive of the
European Parliament and the Council on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric
pollutants.
Chapter and Table 2.10The formats are not mandatory but an arbitrary part of the Programme.
The chapter proposes women’s guidance for the dissemination of the Air Pollution Control Programme.
The Republic of Croatia, as well as other members of the EU, must actively and systematically inform the
public and the public concerned about the NPCP, publishing it in a publicly accessible online place (Article
14(1)NEC Directive).Article 19(10) provides: The Air Pollution Control Programme, as well as the updated
versions, shall be published in the Official Gazette and the Ministry’s website. This is in line with the
requirements of the UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making
and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (the Aarhus Convention26) committing itself to ensuring
public access to environmental information.
The Directive also requires Member States to publish the datasets and data reported in accordance with
Article 10. NEC Directive and Article 12NEC, in a publicly accessible web location. Accordingly, and in
order to facilitate the use of all reported data according to NEC of the Directive, the Republic of Croatia
would include all available links to the data sets and reports together with the NEEAP, including links to:
• national emission inventories;
• the national emission discharge;
• informative inventory report; and
• additional reports and information to be notified to the Commission pursuant to Article 10NEC of the
Directive and Article 12. NEC Regulation including the location of tracking sites and related
indicators used for monitoring the impacts of air pollution on ecosystems, followed by follow-up
data as specified in Article 9. NEC of the Directive and Article 24. NEC Regulation.
2.10Dissemination of national air pollution control programme
26 Århus Convention — Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters by the Party of the Republic of Croatia in 1998 and ratification in December 2006 of Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC
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Document: “Guidance on the elaboration and implementation of the initial National Air Pollution Control
Programmes under the new National Emissions Sheets Directive (2016/2284/EU)”, D 61728, Issue Number 6, Date
02/02/2018, Ricardo) indicate additional proposals as best practice for the dissemination of NAPCPs:
- develop a communication plan to support the dissemination of NAP’s dissemination.
to identify the target public and public concerned concerning NAPPCP (e.g. key competent
authorities, agencies, cities, benchmarks and testing laboratories, etc.) and the list of media
contacts and the timeframe for the issuance of press releases in relation to the NAPs.
- include indicators to determine the level of public interest in RCPs (such as the deployment of an
indicator for the number of uploads that has been uploaded to NPCP).
- the publication of non-technical public summaries to explain the purpose and content of the NAP.
Active and systematic dissemination of a national air pollution control programme to the public Overview of steps taken for the active
and systematic dissemination of NAG
as follows:
1. Verify all the listed links mentioned in the NPCP, that they are
operating, prior to any publication or submission. 2. Ava in the Narodne novine to the Narodne Novine (Official Gazette of
the Republic of Croatia) 3. Keep it on the MENP website Link to web page where ONPCP is
publicly available: httus: //www.mzoiu.
Link (s) to available database, basic
analysis and supporting statements FOR NPCP:
Link to national emission inventories and projections: httn:
//www.haon.hr/hr/emisiie-oneciscumcih-tvari-u-zrak-na-nodrucm- renublan-Croatian/emise-oncisuticuzi httn: //www.haon.hr/hr/tematska-uodrucia/zrak-klima-tlo/klimatske-
urome ene (s)
Link to spatial allocation of emissions: httns: //emen.haon.hr/
Link to data and reports supporting air quality in the Republic of Croatia: httn:
//iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=74786 Httu: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/index.. in HTML httu: //iszz.
azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30810 Httu: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30809 httu: //iszz. more than 0 & t = 0 t = httu: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/ year.htm? NID = 0 & t = 4 Httu: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/hPlan.htm httu: //iszz. Httu: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/kMeasure.htm
A link to the data related to the location of the monitoring sites and related
indicators used for monitoring the impacts of air pollution on ecosystems and
monitoring data: httu: //cdr.eionet. Euro/en/en/en/unadjusted revised/s/envwzww/
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LITERATURE
[1] ‘Doha Amendment,’ United Nations, Doha, 2012.
[2] C. Heapis, Long-Term Energy Alternatives Planning System, Maine: Stockholm Environment
Institute, 2016
[3] M. Howells, H. Rogner, N. Strachner and C. Heapis, OSeMOSYS: The Open Source Energy Model System:
An introduction to its ETOS, structure and development,’ Energy Policy, pp.5850-5870, 2011
[4] Preparation of a register of pollutant emissions for small and diffuse sources with a spatial
distribution in the EMEP High Resolution Network, Zagreb: HATP, 2018
[5] The Republic of Croatia, the European Structural and Investment Funds, [Network].Available:Https:
//strukturnifondovi.hr/.[Access cover 12 2 2018].
[6] Decision to adopt the Plan for the use of allowances received from the auctioning of allowances in
Croatia until 2020 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 19/18),
Zagreb: Government of the Republic of Croatia, 2018
[7] E. The Hague S., “The impact of ammonia on the environment and animal health” in 4, a common expert
group on DDD with international participation, 2001.
[8] “Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air in the Republic of Croatia 2017(1990.—
2015); According to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP), “The
Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature”, Zagreb, 2017
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Ministry of Environment and Energy, Zagreb, 2017
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//www.isge.hr.[Access cover 12 2 2018].
National Energy Efficiency Authority, ‘National Energy Efficiency Portal’,
‘[Network].Available:Www.enu.hr.[Access cover 12 2 2018].
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2017.
[14] Faculty of Construction, University of Zagreb, ‘CRSKILLS’
[Network].Available:Www.croskills.hr.[Access cover 12 2 2018].
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of Croatian households’,Apply Energy, all of them.101, pp.15-25, 2013
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EU Reference Scenarios for 2016 Energy, Transport and GHG Trends to 2050,” European
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[34] ‘EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)’, European Commission, [Network].Available:Https:
//ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en.
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the use of energy from renewable sources’, Official Journal of the European Union, 2009.
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ANNEX 1Description of the applied AND ADOPTED PAM energy
Important current strategies and plans include: The Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia
(Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 130/09), the Long-term Air Development
Plan for Croatia (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 74/14), the National
Renewable Energy Action Plan (NN No), the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NN No 139/13), the
National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NN No), the National Plan for Energy Efficiency in heating and cooling
(NN Nos 140/14 and 12/17), the Plan to use the financial resources obtained from the auctioning of allowances
through EU ETS auctions (NN Nos 19/18 and), the set of national programmes and plans for the renovation of
existing buildings and the increase of nearly zero-energy buildings (explained below) and the national Operational
Programmes for the use of the EU Funds.
Planning periods of some of the existing plans have expired but new very important policy documents and
measures are available in the draft versions or are in the process of development. Among them: Croatia’s low-
carbon development strategy for 2030 with an outlook to the year 2050, Energy Strategy for the Republic of
Croatia, 4National Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2017In — 2019 Action plan for the implementation of the low-
carbon development strategy for 5 years, the 2025 Programme for Energy Efficiency in public lighting and the
Integrated Energy and Climate Action Plan for 2021-2030.
The measures described below are taken from the above-mentioned documents but also from other Croatian
legislation or the EU which contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
MEN-1: National plan for increasing the number of pre-vo-zero-energy buildings
According to Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings, Member States are required to ensure
that, after 31.12.2020, all new buildings of nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) and after 31.12.2018 all public
buildings occupied or owned by public authorities are to be built according to the Standard.
The calculation of the cost-optimal minimum energy performance criteria for all types of buildings was carried
out in 2013 and 2014. In the Technical regulation on the rational use of energy and thermal insulation in buildings
(Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 128/15), the definitions of the NZEB is
adopted in order to ensure that the requirements of the EPBD are met.
The national plan for an increase in the number of NZEB was adopted in December 2014. The Development
Standard is developing a programme for the development of new facilities and renovation of existing buildings
and the renovation of existing buildings. Also, in 2014, a Decision was adopted on the adoption of a long-term
strategy for boosting investment in the renovation of the national building stock in the Republic of Croatia (NN No
74/14).
MEN-2: Energy renovation programme for multi-residential buildings
This measure provides for the continuation of the Programme for the Energy Reconstruction of multi-dwelling
buildings for the period 2014-2020 (NN No 78/14) with a detailed plan for the period 2014-2020, with a detailed
plan for the period -, with a focus on buildings constructed before 1987, with a view to their renewal to B, A or A +
energy classes.
The main source of funding is provided by the EU’s Structural and Investment Funds (EU SIF), namely from the
European Regional Development Fund. The aim is to increase the annual renovation rate from 1 % to 2 % of the
area of residential buildings. A redistribution of the available ESIF resources is the roadmap for renovation to
happen within a planned timeframe. An important source of financing for the renovation of residential buildings
in Croatia was revenues from auctioning of greenhouse gas emission allowances.
MEN-3: A programme to increase energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources in
commercial non-residential buildings
The measure is based on the Energy Recovery Programme for Commercial non-residential buildings for the
period 2014.— 2020 with a detailed energy renovation plan for commercial non-residential buildings for the
period 2014— 2016 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 98/14) with an allocation
plan for the available funds from the EU’s SIPS for the implementation of actions, with a focus on the tourism and
trade sectors. Resources will be allocated in the form of grants and advanced financial instruments under EU
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651/2014 and 1407/2013 EU State aid rules.
An important source of financing for renewable energy in commercial non-residential buildings in the Republic of
Croatia was revenues from the auctioning of greenhouse gas emission allowances.
MEN-4: Energy renovation programme for family houses
The measure is based on the Family House Programme for the 2014-2020 period for the Family House, with a
detailed roadmap for the period 2014-2016 (NN Nos 43/14 and 36/15), containing a plan to allocate resources from
the EU to SIF and to improve the financial models for mobilising private capital. The aim is to support the
renewal of 4.000 family houses per year in Croatia. The auctioning of greenhouse gas emission allowances was an
important source of financing for the renovation of family housing in Croatia.
MEN-5: Energy renovation programme for public buildings
The measure is based on the Energy renovation programme of public sector buildings for the period 2014.—
2015(Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning, 2014) and Energy renovation programme of public sector
buildings for the period 2016— 2020(Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No
22/17).The public sector building energy renovation programme aims at raising the activity level of energy
renovation on 3 % of the total stock of the public sector building, reducing energy consumption for
cooling/heating in public sector buildings by up to 70 % per year, namely annual savings of about 50 GWh and
fulfilment of public sector building energy savings targets including alternative policy measures set out in the
Third National Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2014.— 2016
The main funding for the 2016-2020 period will be from SIF’s EU, the 2014-2020 Operational Programme for
Competitiveness and Cohesion, under the priority axis 4.— Promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy.
The funding will be set aside for the purposes of leveraging private capital and the ESCO market. A major source
of financing the refurbishment of public buildings in Croatia was the revenues from auctioning of greenhouse gas
emission allowances [10].
MEN-6: Public sector energy governance
Public sector energy management includes the implementation of continuous and systematic metering, planning
and improvement of the use of energy in the public sector. It includes the use of the national IT system to manage
the energy efficiency of ISGE [11].The Information System for Energy Management (ISGE) endorsed and
established by the UNDP, GEF, FZEU and the Government of the Republic of Croatia, is used as a national tool
for the systematic management of energy and water in public buildings. ISGE is the competence of the Ministry of
Construction and Spatial Planning and the Agency for Legal Affairs and Real Estate (APN).
The measure is governed by the Energy Efficiency Act (NN No 127/14), the Energy Efficiency Directive
2012/27/EU, the Rules on the systematic energy management in the public sector (NN No 18/15) and the systematic
energy management methodology (NN No 18/15).Between 2017 and 2019, the focus will be on automation of
energy and water consumption, reporting and verification of energy savings and staff training.
MEN-7: Energy consumption measurement and information statement
The Energy Efficiency Act (NN No 127/14) provides that energy distributors shall ensure that, to the extent
technically possible, they are financially justified and proportionate in relation to the potential energy savings,
final customers of energy and domestic hot water, shall be provided with competitively priced individual meters
that accurately reflect the final customer’s actual energy consumption. The energy supplier shall, on request, free
of charge, at the request of the final customer, provide, at least on an annual basis, information on the calculation
of electricity, heat and gas, and the historical consumption of the final customer.
Clear and understandable energy bills (electricity, heat and natural gas) and individual metering for energy
consumption are both distributors and energy suppliers. This increases consumers’ awareness of the way they
consume energy themselves. Invoices should include comparisons of consumption for the current year’s accounts
and for the corresponding period of the previous year.
MEN-8: Energy labelling of household appliances
The energy efficiency labelling scheme for household appliances is legally regulated. The Rules on the energy
efficiency labelling of household appliances (NN No 130/07), the Rules on the energy efficiency labelling of
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household dishwashers (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 101/11), the Rules on
the indication by labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy and other resources by
energy-related products (NN No 101/11), the Rules on the energy labelling of household refrigerating appliances
(NN No 101/11), the Rules on the energy efficiency labelling of televisions (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of
the Republic of Croatia) No 101/11), the Rules on the energy efficiency labelling of televisions (Narodne Novine
(NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 101/11), the Rules on the energy efficiency labelling of
appliances (NN No 48/13), stipulate that the energy efficiency label must include all electric domestic appliances
that are powered by electricity, whether produced in the Republic of Croatia or imported.
Energy labels shall provide customers with information on the energy consumption of the device and shall be able
to make the choice more efficient. For the application of this action, ongoing work is ongoing on raising public
awareness and education, but also by co-financing the procurement of household appliances with the FZEU with a
view to increasing the market share of the household appliances with A, A +, A + + energy class in energy
efficiency classes, and a declining market share of household appliances below Class C.
MEN-9: Eco-design of energy-using products
The Rules on the definition of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (Narodne Novine (NN; official
Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 50/15) transposed Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-
related products (OJ L 285, 31.10In 2009) and Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directive 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing
Directive 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC (OJ L 315, 14.11(2012).
This Regulation establishes a framework for setting the European Union requirements for the eco-design of
energy-related products, with a view to ensuring the free movement of those products within the internal market.
The Rules provide for the setting of requirements to be met by energy-related products covered by implementing
measures, so that they are placed on the market and/or put into service and contributes to sustainable
development, by increasing energy efficiency and a level of environmental protection, while at the same time
increasing the security of energy supply.
These Rules allow the implementation of European Commission Regulations that are representative of
implementing measures for Directive 2009/125/EC for specific product groups. The Rules entered into force on the
day of Croatia’s accession to the EU.
MEN-10: Promoting energy efficiency and the implementation of measures through the energy services model
The objective of promoting energy efficiency is to increase the awareness of people and businesses about the
opportunities and benefits of energy efficiency improvements. The lead authority shall be the National Energy
Efficiency Coordination Body (NKT), which regulates and promotes the national energy efficiency web portal
www.enu.hr [12].
Energy efficiency projects with implementation through energy services include the modernisation, reconstruction
and rehabilitation of existing installations and facilities aimed at rational use of energy, in such a way that
investment is recouped through energy and maintenance costs savings. These projects include development,
implementation and financing to improve energy efficiency and reduce operation and maintenance. The areas of
activity are public and private sectors, such as buildings (schools and kindergartens, offices, hotels, universities,
hospitals), public lighting, industry and power supply (cogeneration, district heating).
MEN-11: Energy poverty reduction programme
The reduction in energy poverty in Croatia will be achieved through three activities: the development of the
Programme to reduce energy poverty; strengthening the capacity of institutions to reduce energy poverty;
implementation of energy and water saving measures in households meeting the criteria of energy poverty [13] [6].
The financing of the measures is based on revenues from the auctioning of EU ETS allowances, the objective being
to implement measures at around 330 households per year.
MEN-12: Energy efficiency education
The aim of this measure is to set up education and certification systems for energy efficiency workers.
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In accordance with the CRSKILLS project [14], the Rules on the training and certification system for construction
workers who are installing building elements with an impact on energy efficiency in the construction sector (NN
No 67/17) have been developed. The Rules aim at fostering the above training and upgrading the workforce for
more energy efficient construction and renovation of buildings in order to improve the performance of the work
performed.
An important source of financing for this measure is through the EU, SIF, An Operational Programme Efficient
Human Resources. MEN-13: National energy efficiency programme in public lighting
Public lighting is about 3 % of total direct electricity consumption in Croatia, and there is a significant energy
efficiency potential, according to the draft 4th National Energy Efficiency Action Plan for the 2017-2019
period.[13].The aim of this measure is to draw up and then implement a National Energy Efficiency Programme in
public lighting. The Programme needs to develop innovative financial models for the implementation of energy
efficiency projects in public lighting, with a focus on a more efficient allocation of available resources from the EU
SIF under the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion for 2014-2020 years. The quantified energy
savings target of the Programme has been achieved every year by 2020 in public lighting systems of more than 30
GWh and reaching over 50 % of the public lighting system.
MEN-14: Green public procurement
Green public procurement (in short: ZJN) is a voluntary environmental protection instrument that stimulates
environmental protection and sustainable consumption and production. It is defined as the procedure by which
the procuring entities purchase goods, works and services defined by criteria that contain key environmental
pressures, relating to resource and energy consumption, impact on biodiversity and eutrophication, toxicity,
pollutant, greenhouse gas and CO2, and generation of waste at source. This measure aims to attach environmental
protection criteria to public procurement. Based on the National Action Plan on Green Public Procurement for
the period 2015-2017 with a view to 2020 (Ministry of Environment and Energy, August 2015), public
procurement entities should include environmental criteria. The aim is to include environmental criteria for a
minimum of 50 % of public procurement by 2020. It is developing a national action plan for green public
procurement for 2018-2020 with an outlook to 2023.
The Public Procurement Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 120/16)
provides for an economic evaluation of the tenders, including an assessment of the social and environmental
criteria, which will be a strong incentive to green public procurement.
MEN-15: Industry energy audits
This measure should provide support to assess potential energy savings in industrial installations through co-
financing of the implementation of energy audits. An industrial energy inspection scheme shall include:
- mandatory energy audits for large companies (firms meeting at least two of the following conditions: total
assets of at least HRK 130 000 000,00, an annual income of at least HRK 260 000 000,00, at least 250
employees on average over the financial year).The obligation is governed by the Energy Efficiency Act
(NN No 127/14);
- a voluntary energy inspection scheme for small and medium-sized enterprises. On a voluntary basis,
energy audits are supported by the financial resources provided by the FPS.
MEN-16: Industrial energy efficiency network
The industrial energy efficiency network (MIEE) is a national energy efficiency promotion energy programme
in the economy — small, medium-sized and large companies. It is an instrument of voluntary cooperation by
energy consumers, professionals, state institutions, interested parties to a functional structure with the
objective of improving the rational use of energy, i.e. promoting energy efficiency in the industrial sector,
supporting the synergies of the process where possible and facilitating access to available resources through
different options.
MEN-17: Increasing the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in industrial sector
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The plan of this measure is to reallocate available resources from the EU to SIF, based on the Operational
Programme for Competitiveness and Cohesion, as well as the funds available for auctioning allowances in the
EU, and focus on the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in the industrial sector.
The distribution of funds shall be in accordance with EU rules 651/2014 and 1407/2013 on State aid.
The Grant Agreement signed under the call ‘Increasing energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources
in the manufacturing industries’ was signed on 18 June 2018 and signed and awarded to beneficiaries (77)
(Ministry of Environment and Energy and the EU of the Union).It was initially foreseen to allocate HRK 114
million, but due to a large number of quality project proposals, it increased the total value of the grants
awarded in HRK 269.327.760,66. Funds under the Competitiveness and Cohesion operational programme
2014-2020After implementation of the envisaged activities driven by this call, CO2 emissions will be less than
17.125 tonnes per year. In addition, the overall industrial sector without the food industry will reduce the need
for non-renewable energy sources for
83,7 Million kWh and 0,97 % of total energy consumed annually by the sector in the Republic of Croatia.
MEN-18: Feed-in tariffs and a system of premiums supporting the use of renewable energy sources in electricity generation and high efficiency cogeneration
The main mechanism, due to the previous development of renewable energy sources, are FITs (tariffs).“Fed-in
tariff ” (FiT) is an incentive scheme, typically used for RES, small-scale cogeneration and other State power
plants, that the distribution or transmission network operator concludes contracts with an operator of the plant,
where they would pay a fixed price for each electricity unit supplied in advance for a certain number of years.
The tariffs depend on the source type, the power plant and the amount of electricity produced.
In addition to an incentive system for electricity, the production of CHP installations makes it possible to
adopt appropriate legislation to promote heat production from cogeneration (defining the status of heat
generator).
In the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (Ministry of Economy, 2013) the Republic of Croatia has set
out targets and policy for increasing the share of RES of total energy consumption to 20 % by 2020, 35 % in
electricity generation, 10 % in heating and 20 % in heating and cooling.
The Renewable Energy Sources and High-Efficiency Cogeneration Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official
Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 100/15) recast the existing feed in tariff system on premium, and
adjusted the system of incentives with the Guidelines on State aid for environmental protection and energy
2014-2020.(2014/C 200/01).Since the documents are still in the process of being accepted, the design contests
according to the new model have not yet been implemented.
MEN-19: Energy efficiency programme in heating and cooling
The Energy Efficiency in Heating and Cooling programme (the Ministry of the Economy, 2014) analysed the
potential for developing district heating, mapping energy and heat production, exploring the potential for
additional high-efficiency cogeneration and assessing possible support mechanisms for efficient cogeneration.
The programme defined guidelines for the development of the heating and cooling sector and of primary
energy savings.
MEN-20: Encouraging the use of renewables and energy efficiency via HBOR
In order to finance projects in the field of environmental protection, the Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (HBOR) endorses loans through its Loan Programme for Environment, Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy Projects.
The objective of the programme of lending to environmental, energy efficiency and renewable energy projects
is to make investment projects focused on environmental protection, to improve energy efficiency and to
encourage the use of renewable energy sources. Loan proceeds are intended for investment in land, buildings,
equipment and tools. The final beneficiaries of loans may be local and regional self-government units, utilities,
companies, craft businesses and other legal entities.
MEN-21: Encouraging the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency
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FZOEU
The EPEEF provides funds to finance the preparation, implementation and development of programmes and
projects in the field of environmental protection, improvement of energy efficiency, use of renewables and
mitigation of climate change.
The financing shall be provided by revenue assigned to the Fund against compensation of the environmental
pollutants, including allowances for emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, the
charge for environmental loading of waste, environmental user charges and special environmental charges for
powered vehicles.
FPS is awarded for energy efficiency improvement projects, including CHP installations, centralised thermal
systems, energy audits and demonstration activities, street lighting projects, fuel substitution and waste heat
recovery, and buildings and sustainable construction projects.
RES projects funded by the EPEEF include solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, energy from small hydro-
electric power plants and geothermal energy.
The EU grants funding to local and regional self-government units, companies, craft businesses, NGOs, non-profit
organisations and natural persons through loans, interest subsidies, financial assistance and donations. It is
important to note that operators of installations within the EU ETS may also apply for certain competitions
provided by the FPS.
MEN-22: CO2 emission tax for fixed sources that are not in the EU ETS
The unit fee regulation, the correction coefficients and the closer criteria and criteria for determining the
compensation for the emission of carbon dioxide into the environment of carbon dioxide (NN Nos 73/07, 48/2009
and 2/2018) are bound by the obligation to pay CO2 compensation for all sources emitting more than 30 tonnes of
CO 2 per year and 450 tonnes of CO 2 per annum as of 1 January 2018. Fee debtors investing in energy efficiency,
renewables and other measures to reduce CO 2 and other greenhouse gas emissions are subject to a lower fee. The
FPS is empowered to charge and collect the compensation.
The Act amending the FMZEU Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 144/12)
provides that, as from 1 January 2013, the legal or natural persons owning or using at least one source of CO 2
emissions for which greenhouse gas emissions permits have been obtained which, in accordance with a solution in
accordance with a special regulation governing air protection, are excluded from the ETS, should pay a specific
annual greenhouse gas emission allowance. The compensation is paid into the FRiEU.The level of the unit fee shall
be determined by the Government of Croatia each year for the preceding calendar year until 31.03.
Amount of compensation paid by installations operators excluded from the EU ETS pursuant to Article
27Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the
Community was set out in the Decision on a unit greenhouse gas emission allowance for installations of
installations excluded from the trading scheme. The 2013 unit fee was HRK 32,78 for the broadcast of a tonne of
CO 2 in 2013 (NN No 105/14), HRK 45,40 in 2014 (NN No 96/15), HRK 58,29 in 2015, HRK 39,53 in 2016 and HRK
58,29 in 2017.
The price for the current year shall be determined on the basis of the average EU price in the EU ETS the
previous year.
MEN-23: Revitalisation and energy efficiency of existing thermal plants and hydroelectric power stations
The activities of this measure concern HEP-Generation d.o.o., a company owned by HEP d.d., a dominant part of
the national energy company HEP groups. As specified in 4. The national energy efficiency action plan [13], the
following years, the renewal plans and implementation of the energy efficiency measures in existing thermal power
stations and hydroelectric power stations include: reconstruction of water management systems, new steam boiler,
optimisation and automation of hydropower plants, hydropower plants, hydro power plants, reduction of captive
heat use, new measurement systems, etc.
MEN-24: Reconstruction and restoration of the spindle and steam;
The ageing and damage of the spindle and steam causes major losses of energy. The Heat Energy Market Act (NN
Nos 80/13, 14/14, 102/14, 95/15), JLS and the heat distribution energy entities are required to ensure, inter alia, a
quality provision of energy distribution activities for heat distribution based on the principles of sustainable
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development, ensure distribution network maintenance, and take care of energy efficiency and environmental and
nature protection.
In the period 2014-2020, the co-financing of a significant share of the required investments is ensured under the
Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion for the period 2014-2020.
MEN-25: Operation of the electricity system and development of the transmission and distribution network
The Croatian Transmission System Operator (HOPS) shall be responsible for the reduction of losses in the
transmission network, the development of the transmission network and the management of the electricity system.
As specified in 4. A National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, HOPS will focus on optimising the network topologies
and reducing losses and the development of network capacities.
The HEP-DSO d.o.o. (HEP-ODS) is responsible for reducing losses in the distribution network and introducing
advanced benchmarks for final consumers in Croatia.
The funding for the pilot project for the deployment of “smart grids” is made available under the Operational
Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion for the period 2014-2020.
MEN-26: Reduction of volatile organic compounds emissions from refuelling of motor vehicles
petrol vehicles at service stations
The Regulation on environmental protection standards for the reduction of emissions of volatile organic
compounds due to the charging of motor vehicles with petrol at service stations (Narodne Novine (NN; official
Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 44/16) lays down technical standards for the protection of the environment,
ensuring reduction of air pollution from volatile organic compounds emitted during the filling of motor vehicles
with petrol at service stations. The Regulation requires that any petrol station (new and existing) must be
equipped with a petrol vapour recovery system in addition to the prescribed parameters and conditions. All
existing service stations with a throughput greater than 3.000 m³/year shall be equipped with a petrol vapour
recovery system no later than 31 December 2018.
MIP-3: Reduction of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to storage and distribution
gasoline
The Regulation laying down technical environmental protection standards against emissions of volatile organic
compounds due to the storage and distribution of petrol (NN No 135/06) lays down technical environmental
standards for petrol storage and refuelling points at terminals and service stations and mobile containers used for
transporting petrol from one terminal to another or from the terminal to a service station and deadlines for their
achievement.
MIP-5: Quality control of petroleum derived fuels
The quality of petroleum derived fuels is regulated by the Decree on the quality of petroleum derived fuels and the
monitoring, reporting and methodology of life-cycle GHG emissions of supplied fuels and energy (NN No 57/17)
and the annual monitoring programmes for the quality of petroleum derived fuels marketed in the Republic of
Croatia or used for own use.
This Regulation lays down the limit values for the component and/or quality characteristics of petroleum derived
fuels, the method for determining and monitoring the quality of petroleum derived fuels, the conditions for the
operation of sampling laboratories and for laboratory analysis of the quality of petroleum fuels, the means of
proof of conformity of products, the name and labelling of products, the method and deadlines for submitting
reports on the quality of petroleum derived fuels and reports on fuel life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and
energy from fuel and energy, the methodology for the calculation of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of
energy for base 2010, the methodology for the calculation of the contribution of electric road vehicles to reducing
greenhouse gas emissions, the format of the report and the length of the data transmission to the competent
authorities of the EU.
Annual monitoring programmes for the quality of petroleum derived fuels provide for the sampling of liquid oil
fuels in particular for service stations, storage places and transport tankers, the number and frequency of
sampling for petroleum derived fuels, sampling sites, depending on the amount of petroleum derived fuels put into
practice by the supplier on the market in the Republic of Croatia or which it uses for its own purposes, and the
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method of performing laboratory analysis of samples of petroleum derived fuels and reporting on the conduct of
analyses.
This measure directly affects the sulphur, lead, olefins, aromatics, benzene, oxygen, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, oxygenates and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the following fuels: petrol, diesel, gas oil, fuel
oil, marine fuel and kerosene, including on reduction of SO2 and NMVOC.
MEN-29: Limitation of pollutant emissions from non-road mobile machinery
The limitation of pollutant emissions for non-road mobile machinery shall be regulated in the Rules on the
prevention of the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed
in non-road mobile TPV 401 (Edition 02) machinery (NN No 113/15).
The Rules apply for the type-approval of internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile
machinery with regard to the emission of pollutants and laying down the emission limit values and methods, the
means of identification, type-approval procedures and the issuing of type-approval certificates for internal
combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery and the conditions for conformity of production
of such engines. New engines and non-road mobile machinery to which they are installed may only be placed on
the market and put into service if they are provided with a valid type approval certificate. These Rules also lay
down the obligation to establish the conformity of internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile
machinery and the conditions to be complied with by legal persons to carry out certain operations in the
conformity procedure.
The regulated pollutants are: carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate pollutants.
Turnover
MTR-1: Consumer information on fuel economy and CO 2 emissions of new personal
automobiles
In accordance with the Rules on the availability of fuel economy and CO 2 emissions from new passenger cars (NN
No 7/15), each supplier of new passenger cars for sale shall provide consumers with the information available on
the fuel consumption level and the specific emissions of CO 2 of passenger vehicles. The Ministry of the Interior, as
the central state administration body responsible for road transport safety, on the basis of the Rules once a year,
shall produce no later than 31 March of the current year a guide on fuel economy and CO 2 emissions of new
passenger cars available for purchases on the market in Croatia. The guide contains the necessary information for
every model of new passenger cars available on the domestic market.
MTR-2: Driver training for road vehicles
Pilot projects have been implemented and are systematic training of road vehicles drivers. This saves energy and
increases the awareness of all citizens and drivers in Croatia about the benefits of this modern, intelligent, green
driving style. Specific elements are dedicated to the training of drivers of passenger cars, buses and lorries on the
road [13].
Education on the elements of eco-driving is being carried out with a short training (of up to about 60-120 minutes
per candidate) among the drivers who have obtained the driving licence before the Rules on the training of learner
drivers (NN No 13/09), which requires all driving schools and trainers to carry out training in the elements of eco-
driving elements during the standard training of a candidate driver. It should be pointed out that the proposed
measure does not apply to new drivers who receive training on the subject of journey in accordance with the legal
obligations set out in the Rules of Procedure referred to above.
In 2015, around 1.000 drivers passed the train training in. This measure achieved a saving of 17,513 TJ in 2015.
the maximum number of trained drivers of trucks and buses (even trained drivers) (even 645 trained drivers)
which are also the largest consumers and their training resulted in savings of 14,6 TJ. estimated that there exist
around 1.500.000 driving licence drivers in Croatia before the Rules on learner drivers’ training (NN No 13/09)
have been entered into force, namely the drivers who have undergone no or insufficient training of the eco-driving.
MTR-3: Obligation to use transport biofuels
The basic provision regulating and promoting the use of biofuels is the Transport Biofuels Act (NN Nos 65/09,
145/10, 26/11, 144/12, 14/14).
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Pursuant to this law, in 2010 a national plan of action was prepared to promote the production and use of biofuels
in transport for the period 2011-2020. The plan sets out a policy to promote the increased production and use of
biofuels in transport in Croatia. The plan shall include a review and assessment of the state of the fuel for
transport and air protection, comparative analysis, long-term objectives, including the targeted biofuel market
and measures to promote increased production and the use of biofuels in transport.
The measures required by an aquis plan include mj ere, which promote the production of raw materials for the
production of biofuels, measures to promote biofuel production with regard to compensation for the promotion of
production, measures to promote biofuel consumption with regard to distributors of liquid petroleum products
with a view to placing biofuels on the market, administrative measures and R & D activities. The National
Renewable Energy Action Plan (Ministry of the Economy, Entrepreneurship and Crafts, 2013) set out objectives
and policies related to the uptake of RES share of final energy consumption by 2020 and the specific estimated
energy contribution of biofuels in transport.
In 2014, the national system was amended to support the mere use of biofuels in transport and not their
production. Croatia needs to re-amend the scheme in 2017 to include the provisions of Directive 2015/1513 (ILUC
Directive) for biofuels in transport, but this will be done in 2018.
The limit values for the quality characteristics of biofuels placed on the market on the domestic market, how the
quality of the biofuels are determined, and how compliance has been demonstrated, is laid down in the Quality of
Biofuels Regulation (NN No 141/05, 33/11).The Regulation aims to place on the market the domestic market for
biofuels and other renewable fuels of the same quality as a substitute for diesel fuel or petrol for transport
purposes, to meet climate change obligations, environmentally friendly security of supply and the promotion of
renewable energy.
MTR-4: Special environmental charge per motor vehicle
The existing system for the payment of special environmental fees for powered vehicles is governed by the
Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of
Croatia) Nos 107/03, 144/12), the Regulation on unit charges, the correction coefficients and closer criteria and
criteria for establishing the special environmental charge on motor vehicles (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette
of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 114/14 and 147/14) and the Rules on the method and deadlines for calculating and
paying special environmental charges on motor vehicles (NN No 20/04).Under the special environmental charge
for powered vehicles, it is understood that the compensation paid by legal and natural persons shall be understood
by the owners or holders of the rights of power-driven vehicles. The special fee shall be calculated plus the
payment of registration of the vehicle or the verification of the roadworthiness of the vehicle on the basis of the
FMZEU solution. The specific charge shall be levied taking into account the type of engine and fuel, the engine
volume, type of vehicle, CO 2 emission and the age of the vehicle.
MTR-5: Special tax on motor vehicles
The special tax on motor vehicles is laid down in the Special Vehicle Tax Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official
Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 15/13, 108/13, 115/16, 127/17).The tax relates to vehicles intended for use
on the roads in the Republic of Croatia at the time of their first registration in Croatia. Tax depends on the price
of the vehicle, the fuel type and the CO2 emissions.Hybrid electric vehicles shall not be subject to this tax.
MTR-6: Financial incentives for the purchase of hybrid and electric vehicles
Due to technological development costs, electric and hybrid vehicles are currently more expensive than
conventional vehicles using internal combustion engines. Electric vehicles are significantly more efficient than
conventional from a primary energy consumption point of view and are almost neutral from a CO2 emission point
of view, provided that they are powered by electricity produced using renewable sources.
With the aim of increasing the share of electric and hybrid vehicles, subsidies were introduced for the purchase of
electric and hybrid vehicles through grants. This appropriation is paid by the EU FRs revenue, notably through
the collection of special environmental fees for powered vehicles, and on the basis of funds collected from the
auctioning of emission allowances [13] [6].
MTR-7: Alternative fuels infrastructure developments
Pursuant to Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of infrastructure for fuel alternatives, the Republic of
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Croatia adopted a national policy framework for the establishment of infrastructure and the development of the
market for alternative fuels in transport (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No
34/17) and the Act on the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette
of the Republic of Croatia) No 120/16) with a view to promoting and ensuring the development of alternative fuels
infrastructure, in order to minimise the dependence on oil and to mitigate the negative environmental impact of
transport.
The measure also includes the development of an infrastructure for the use of liquid natural gas (LNG) in
maritime transport. Actions will be funded on the basis of different models: from utility companies, by means of
revenues from the auctioning of emission allowances based on the EU ETS and from SIF under the 2014-2020
Competitiveness and Cohesion Operational Programme, under Priority 7 — Connect, coordinating with local
administration, etc.
MTR-8: Promoting integrated and intelligent transport systems and alternative fuels in urban
areas
Transport and mobility needs are one of the greatest environmental burdens in urban areas. The increase in the
number of passenger cars, the way in which they are used, the volume of traffic and the non-structured expansion
of urban areas have largely reversed the technological progress with regard to energy efficiency of vehicles and the
intensity of emissions, including noise.
This action includes the promotion of optimising the transport of goods, integrated transport of citizens, smart
traffic management, the promotion of car sharing schemes, the promotion of public bicycles, and measures to
support the development of alternative fuels infrastructure in urban areas.
This measure ensures a gradual development of sustainable transport systems in urban areas of the Republic of
Croatia where sustainable development plans need to be drawn up as basic documents. These include analysis of
the current situation, definition of vision and objectives, analysis of impact and adoption of measures for all modes
of transport, allocation of responsibilities, method of implementation and monitoring mechanism. these plans
should be adopted at the level of big cities, and should be prepared in line with EC guidelines and financed
through EU programmes and funds.
Further, there is to be incentives also from the EU to SIF under the 2014-2020 priority competitiveness and
cohesion, with priority axis 7 — Connectivity and Mobility, to develop a public transport system with low CO 2.
MTR-9: Monitoring, reporting and verification of life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the liquid
fuels
Under the Air Protection Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 130/11, 47/14,
61/17), the supplier who places fuel on the domestic market shall monitor the greenhouse gas emissions per unit of
energy during the lifetime of the fuel. Suppliers should draw up a report to be authenticated and communicated to
the HATP.
Pursuant to the Act, the Decree on the quality of petroleum derived fuels and the method for monitoring and
reporting life cycle greenhouse gas emissions (NN No 57/17) and the methodology for calculating the quality of
petroleum derived fuels (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No) lays down the limit
values for the components and/or quality characteristics of petroleum derived fuels, the method for determining
and monitoring the quality of petroleum derived fuels, the method for demonstrating the conformity of products,
the name and labelling of products, the method and deadlines for submitting reports on the quality of petroleum
derived fuels and reports on the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of fuel and energy, the methodology for the
calculation of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy for base 2010, the methodology for the
calculation of the contribution of electric road vehicles to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the format of the
report and the length of the data transmission to the competent authorities of the EU.
MTR-10: Prevention and control of emissions into air from ships
Regulation on the publication of the 1997 Protocol amending and supplementing the 1973 International
Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, as modified by the 1978 Protocol.(MARPOL 73/78)
(International Treaties, NN No 4/05).Specific mandatory measures are imposed on the application of specific
mandatory measures to discharge SOx from ships in order to prevent, reduce and control air pollution from SOx,
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as well as its accompanying adverse effects on land and sea. In addition to SOx, nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone
depleting and volatile organic compounds (VOC) are controlled. Except for the pollutants, this protocol also
regulates burning on board a ship, which is only permitted in the litter carrier’s litter, and the fuel quality that
must be used, and the sea areas where a specified quality fuel may be used. Except for ships, prescribed 19 rules
shall also apply to fixed and floating platforms as well as drilling rigs, shall comply with the requirements of this
Protocol with the exception of lowering due to research, exploitation and offshore processing of minerals from the
seabed or the use of hydrocarbons which are produced and subsequently used on the platform as a fuel.
Rules on the Statutory Certification of Marine Ships, Pollution Prevention (NN No 32/18) stipulate technical
requirements for ships of Croatian nationality in relation to the prevention of marine and air pollution by ships
and contain provisions consistent with the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships, as amended by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78) in relation to Appendix VI against air pollution
prevention.
MTR-11: Limitation of pollutant emissions from road vehicles
The limitation of pollutant emissions for non-road mobile machinery shall be regulated by: The Rules on the
approval procedure for motor vehicles with regard to the measures to reduce pollution by TPV 102 (edition 02)
(Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 49/13 and 57/13) and the Rules on the
approval procedure for motor vehicles with regard to emissions reduction measures for the engine TPV 102
(edition 00) (NN No 17/08).
The Regulation (Edition 00) regulates the procedure for the approval of motor vehicles of category M and N (1) by
reference to measures to reduce the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from their engines and of
replacement catalytic converters intended for such vehicles.
The Regulation (issue 02) is applied with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro
5 and Euro 6).
The regulated pollutants are: carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons
and nitrogen oxides (HC + NOx) and particulate matter.
Manufacturing processes and product use
The Croatian Industrial Strategy 2014— 2020 defines the industrial development objectives and key indicators of
the Croatian industry in the period 2014.— 2020According to the “realistic scenario”, the physical volume of
industrial production in 2008 is expected to be achieved by 2020, when the main degree of economic activity of the
Republic of Croatia is achieved.
The measures belonging to the EU ETS are included in the chapter Other (cross-cutting) PAM under measure
MCC-4A European Emissions Trading System (the measures are described below):
- the cement ratio for cement production — cement share in cement is in the range of 1530 %, depending on the
composition of the raw material, the availability of addenda to the relevant market composition, and market
requirements for single cement types (clinker account share is defined by standards HRN EN 197-1);
- the increase in recycled glass in the manufacture of glass — the return of packaging glass that has lost their
useful value to the production process (depends on the efficiency of the glass collection system in Croatia and
on the possibility of waste glass imports);
- abatement in nitric acid production (catalytic decomposition).The installation of a secondary catalyst beneath
the catalytic networks of the primary catalyst for decomposition N 2 O is possible to achieve an emissions
reduction of N 2 O to 88 %; The measure is cost-effective due to the relatively low marginal costs and the
high emission reduction potential of N 2 O.For the removal of NOx, a unit for low-temperature catalytic
reduction installed in a unit for the production of nitric acid — selective catalytic reduction in application.
In addition to the production of cement, nitric acid, sulphuric acid and ammonia, a key source in the product
production processes and use is the production of petrochemicals, and in the historical period of soot, the non-
energy use of fuels, the use of products and the consumption of halogenated hydrocarbons in the cooling and
cooling systems. The following measures are included:
MIP-1: Reduction of VOC emissions to the sector of use products containing
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solvents
The Regulation on VOC content limit values in certain paints and varnishes used in construction and vehicle
refinishing products (NN No 69/13) lays down limits on the content of volatile organic compounds in certain paints
and varnishes used in construction and vehicle refinishing products which are allowed to be placed on the market,
how to identify and monitor product quality, the means to demonstrate compliance, the name and labelling of
products, the method and time limit for submitting product quality reports to the competent authorities of the
EU.Users of solvents containing solvents may develop and implement an annual solvent management plan,
reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds, as well as carbon dioxide emissions.
Agriculture
The positive impact of the implementation of measures on the emission of pollutants (NH3, NMVOC, NOx, PM2,5
and PM10) and the total greenhouse gas emissions in the agricultural sector shall be reflected in the direct
reduction of emissions of the declared pollutants, methane and nitrogen compounds. Measures included to form
the scenario for the gradual transition of agriculture with respect to the reference scenario:
MAG-7: Implementation of the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020
One of the most significant areas of activity of the EU institutions, both in terms of the scope of the acquis, and in
terms of share of EU budget, is the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).Rural development, as the second pillar of
the CAP, was financed by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD).A precondition for
the possibility to use the EAFRD funds is to produce the Rural Development Programme of the Republic of
Croatia for the years 2014-2020 (RDP 2014-2020).The objectives and targets of the ‘European strategy for smart,
sustainable and inclusive growth — EUROPE 2020’, the economic, environmental and territorial challenges of the
EU, are reflected through the CAP’s three objectives, which are: the competitiveness of agriculture, the
sustainable management of resources and the balanced development of rural areas. The objectives of this
programme are to achieve the objectives of the CAP through the actions chosen through the six priorities of
action:
— Fostering knowledge transfer and innovation in agriculture, forestry and rural areas
- improving the sustainability and competitiveness of agriculture in all regions and promoting innovative
farm technologies and sustainable management of forests
- promoting food chain organisation, including processing and marketing of agricultural products, animal
welfare and risk management in agriculture
- restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems related to agriculture and forestry
- promoting resource efficiency and supporting the shift towards a low carbon, climate resilient in
agriculture, food and forestry sectors
- promoting social inclusion, poverty reduction and economic development in rural areas.
Waste
An additional significant number of bylaws need to be adopted to ensure effective implementation of the measures
included in the Waste sector, in addition to the already adopted sectoral EU legislation, in particular as regards
the obligations under new EU rules with legally binding targets for recycling of waste and reducing landfilling.
These rules lay down a fixed timetable for Member States to make the adaptation of national legislation for the
transition to a circular economy in the next two years. This will have primarily an impact on the post-2020
projections for MM-1, MMW-2 and MW-4 measures, described below. According to the law, quantitative
objectives and deadlines for reducing the total amount of landfilled waste to be landfilled are defined. By the end
of 2017 the maximum weight of waste that could be disposed of in non-compliant landfills was 800.000 tonnes.
Disposal of waste in non-compliant landfills in Croatia is prohibited after 31 December 2017.
MW-1: Prevention and reduction of municipal solid waste
This is the first priority of the management of municipal waste according to the Sustainable Waste Management
Act. This measure should be achieved by means of production, education, education, economic instruments, the
application of regulations on integrated environmental conditions, and investment in modern technologies. The
Croatian Waste Management Plan for 2017.— 2022 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of
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Croatia) No 3/17) defined the objectives to be achieved by 2022, compared to 2015. The objective on the
improvement of municipal waste management systems includes the target for the 5 % reduction of total municipal
waste generated.
MW-2 Increase in separately collected and recycled solid municipal solid waste
In addition to the Sustainable Waste Management Act, quantitative targets and timelines for increasing the
amount of separately collected and recycled municipal waste are defined in the Republic of Croatia’s Waste
Management Plan for 2017.— 2022. Provision should be made for the preparation for re-use and recycling of the
following waste materials by 2020: paper, metal, plastic and glass from the household, possibly also from other
sources, if these waste streams are similar to household waste, at a minimum of 50 % of the weight of the waste.
MW-3: Flaring and NMVOC incineration
The Rules on the methods and conditions for the disposal of waste, categories and conditions of operation for
landfill (NN No 114/15) and the Rules on waste management (NN No 117/17) lay down strict technical operating
conditions for landfills, which reduce the potential for adverse consequences of a landfill. Landfill gas should be
provided with a gas collection system to be processed and used. If landfill gases cannot be used for energy
purposes, they should be burned in the area of the landfill and should prevent methane and NMVOC emissions
from atmospheric.
MW-4: Reduction of the amount of biodegradable solid municipal solid waste deposited
The aim of this measure is to reduce the amount of the biodegradable waste fraction that is landfilled, which is to
be processed through composting and anaerobic digestion processes in the biogas installations.
According to the Sustainable Waste Management Act, quantitative targets were set for the reduction of the
proportion of biodegradable municipal waste going to landfill. By the end of 2020, the proportion of biodegradable
municipal waste going to landfill must be reduced to 35 % by weight of biodegradable municipal waste produced
in 1997.
MW-5: Biogas use for electricity and heat production
The measure is linked to a measure relating to Feed-in tariff and the premium scheme to support the use of
renewable energy sources in electricity generation and for high-efficiency cogeneration in the sector of energy. The
main mechanism to encourage the use of biogas to produce electricity and to encourage the construction of
cogeneration biogas installations are feed-in tariffs (tariffs) depending on the source type, the power plant and the
amount of electricity produced. By looking to the Waste sector, the greenhouse gas emissions reduction potential
of this measure represents the methane emission reduction potential (generated by the anaerobic digestion of
biodegradable fraction waste), used to generate electricity and heat.
Other (Inter-service) PAM
MCC-1: Cross-sectoral Coordination Commission for PAM: mitigation and adaptation changes
In accordance with the Air Protection Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos
130/11, 47/14, 61/17), the Decision of the Government of the Republic of Croatia in 2014 established a Commission
for cross-sectoral coordination on mitigation and adaptation related to climate change (Narodne Novine (NN;
official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 114/14).The panel was responsible for monitoring and assessing the
implementation and planning of PAM for mitigating and adapting to climate change in Croatia. Representatives
of the competent national authorities and other relevant institutions, agencies and non-governmental organisations
shall be appointed to the Commission. The commission, tasks and working methods of the commission shall be
determined by the Government of the Republic of Croatia on a proposal from the ministry responsible for
environmental protection. The panel shall be composed of the Coordination Group and the Technical Working
Group.
MCC-2: System for measuring and verifying energy savings
The energy savings measurement and verification system (SMIV) was established in the Rules on the system for
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monitoring, measuring and verifying energy savings (NN No 71/15).It has, since June 2014, monitored energy
savings through the SMIV application (resulting from the measures of activation policies defined in the National
Action Plan for the Energy Efficiency — NEEAPs) and the reduction of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. It
is possible to monitor through SMIV the application of the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the
four end-use consumption sectors: Industry (public and commercial), Industry, Transport and Home Affairs. The
web application uses the bottom-up methodology which is part of the Ordinance on monitoring, measurement and
verification of energy savings. It is important to note that, where there are results of measurements before and
after the implementation of an action, this exact data can be provided through the graphic interface of the
programme. Otherwise, when the measurements are not made available before or after the measures have been
implemented, the reference values prescribed by the Rules shall be used. SMEIV administers the National Energy
Efficiency Coordination Body (NKT) and is an important component of the future system of energy efficiency
obligations in the Republic of Croatia.
MCC-3: Promoting the use of innovative information and communication technologies (ICTs) in order to
reducing emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases
Innovative ICT technologies have an increasingly important role to play in reducing emissions of pollutants and
greenhouse gases and increasing energy efficiency. Through intensification of their use in public administration,
services and production processes, labour productivity and efficiency will increase while reducing energy
consumption and resulting emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. The measure is expected to increase the
uptake of innovative ICT and monitoring of real energy savings, as well as a reduction in pollutant and
greenhouse gas emissions.
MCC-4: European Emissions Trading System
The European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) includes all activities listed in Annex I of the greenhouse gas
emission allowance trading scheme (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 69/12
and 154/14), and for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the operators of installations are responsible for the
trading system. Through an equitable distribution of allowances, the reduction commitments are distributed to all
Member States, with the aim of contributing to a 21 % reduction by 2020 compared to 2005. This shows how the
reduction of emissions from activities within the EU ETS is regulated at EU level.
Since 1.1.2013, operators of plants in the Republic of Croatia have been involved in the EU ETS, have obtained
permits for greenhouse gas emissions and have established a system for monitoring emissions and reporting to the
competent authority. Greenhouse gases covered by the EU ETS are: Carbon dioxide (CO 2) for all activities and
additionally, for certain activities, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs).Monitoring and reporting of
emissions is also an obligation for aircraft operators for carbon dioxide emissions.
Monitoring and reporting of emissions from aircraft started formally on 1 July 2013 for aircraft operators in the
Republic of Croatia. However, due to some specificities related to the administration of aviation flights prior to the
accession of Croatia to the European Union, aircraft operators had the obligation to submit annual reports on
emissions from the aircraft as from 2010.
All operators, except electricity producers, to sell to third parties have submitted applications for free credits. Free
units shall be distributed, free of charge, to installations exposed to the risk of carbon leakage to third countries,
on the basis of criteria established in accordance with the reference value for the 10 % most efficient installations
in the same sector. Operators, who will not have a sufficient number of units to cover their greenhouse gases, have
the option of purchasing allowances through auctions.
MCC-5: Use of proceeds from the auctioning of allowances within the EU
ETS for measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Out of the total number of allocation units assigned to operators and aircraft operators, each year of the trading
period shall be distributed free of charge in accordance with the method referred to above. The remainder is
distributed to Member States EU and subject to public tenders.
The Air Protection Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 130/11, 47/14,
61/17) requires the Republic of Croatia to use for climate purposes 95 % of the funds received by the Republic of
Croatia into a special account under the FPS, and 5 % of the funds are paid to the state budget of the Republic of
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Croatia. The funds paid to the special account in the FPS should be used for:
- greenhouse gas emissions reduction,
- climate change adaptation,
- financing climate change abatement measures and adaptation in third countries,
- financing renewable energy sources with the objective of achieving the share of renewable energy sources of
the Republic of Croatia in 2020,
- forest resources improvement and reports on the forestry sector,
- promoting low-emission transport and public transport,
- financing research and development intended for climate change abatement and climate change adaptation,
including aeronautics and air transport,
- ecologically safe carbon dioxide capture and storage, particularly from fossil fuel power plants and certain
industrial sectors and sub-sectors, including those in third countries,
- financing research and development in the area of energy efficiency and clean technology,
- financing research and development in the area of reporting on greenhouse gas emissions,
- promoting energy efficiency measures in the sectors of construction (particularly energy efficiency building
renovation), industry, transport and services, and
- ensuring financial support for measures contributing to addressing energy poverty.
The appropriations to be paid to the State budget should be used to cover the costs of operating the ETS, for
administrative purposes, for the functioning of the Union Registry, for the auction managers, the National System
for the Monitoring of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and other issues related to climate change.
The plan to use the proceeds from the auctioning of allowances in Croatia for the period 2014-2016 has been
adopted by the Croatian Government (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No
140/14).The total income generated for the period 2014-2016 is HRK 733.984.921,23, they were used for renewable
energy, energy efficiency, transport, waste management, and research, development and expertise.
The 2020 budget for the use of the auctioning of funds was adopted in February 2018 and aims at HRK
825.000.000,00. These resources will be spent on mitigation and adaptation measures.
MCC-6: Conducting interdisciplinary research the potential for geological storage CO 2 in
Republic of Croatia
The technology of carbon capture and storage for large emission sources is not yet commercially available.
Commercial applications are expected to take place in the post-2020 period.
According to Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of carbon dioxide, i.e. Article 36. For the industrial
emissions Directives 2010/75/EU, for plants with a capacity larger than 300 MW given building permit after the
entry into force of Directive 2009/31/EK, it is necessary to assess whether the following conditions are met:
- suitable storage locations available
- transport installations are technically and economically feasible;
- Upgrading of CO 2 collection plant is technically and economically feasible
If these conditions are met, the competent authority shall provide at the location of the facility an adequate area of
the equipment for the capture and compression of the extracted CO 2 capture.
For new thermal power plants, national feasibility studies are planned to be carried out with an action plan for
preparatory activities for CCS projects. This study will cover the steps of capture of emissions, transport, injection
and storage.
MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme
Pursuant to the provisions of Directive 2012/27/EU, the Act on energy efficiency (Narodne novine (NN; official
Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 127/14), 3 and 4The national energy efficiency action plan, the Republic of
Croatia is planning to set up a system of energy efficiency obligations for energy suppliers. Obliged entities will
need to contribute to the energy savings in final energy consumption.
MCC-8: Environmental permits
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The Environmental Permit Decree (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 8/14 and
5/18) regulates the activities that may result in polluting emissions, air, water and sea emissions, requirement and
the criteria for issuing environmental permits; the method for providing data on monitoring of emissions into
environmental components; the conditions for the establishment of new or amended plant protection techniques;
exemptions from the use of reference documents for best available techniques (hereinafter: BAT is to set emission
limit values, how the equivalent parameters and other technical measures are to be applied, and exemptions from
the application of equivalent metrics and other technical measures, determination of monitoring of processes and
industrial emissions according to Best Available Techniques (BAT) requirements, the way in which the general
binding rules on activities for which environmental permit results are obtained, the forms part of the application
for environmental permits, the contents of the Baseline Report, the list of pollutants, the criteria used to determine
BAT, the method of determining BAT, the method for determining BAT, the deadlines for applying BAT, and
other related issues.
MCC-9: Emission levy on 2 and NOx for individual sources
The unit fee regulation, the correction coefficients and the closer criteria and criteria for determining the
compensation for the emission into the environment of sulphur oxides expressed as sulphur dioxide and oxides of
sulphur (NN Nos 71/14 and 115/15) set the unit fee, the correction coefficients and the closer criteria and criteria
for determining the emission allowance into the environment of sulphur oxides expressed as sulphur dioxide (SO 2)
and oxides of nitrogen expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2).The individual sources of SO-2 emissions to air are
technological processes, industrial facilities, devices and objects that release SO 2 to air of more than 100 kg/year
until the end of 2014 and 3.000 kg per year from 2015. The individual sources of emissions of NO 2 into the air are
technological processes, industrial plants, devices and facilities which emit NO 2 to air of more than 30 kg per year
until the end of 2014 and 600 kg per year from 2015.
MCC-10: Identification and control of air pollutant emission limits in the air from stationary sources
The establishment and control of air pollutant emission limits from stationary sources is regulated by the Decree
on emission limit values for air pollutants from stationary sources (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the
Republic of Croatia) No 87/17) and the Rules on monitoring of emissions of air pollutants from stationary sources
(Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 129/12 and 97/13).
The Decree on emission limit values for pollutants into the air from stationary sources (Narodne Novine (NN;
official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 87/17) provides for limit values for emissions of pollutants into the
air from stationary sources, monitoring and evaluation of emissions, the registration of data on fixed assets using
organic solvents, or products containing VOCs in the register, the way in which emissions of pollutants are
reduced in the air, the method of reporting the emissions to air, the method and the time limit for submitting
emissions reports to the GMP, the manner of communicating the data to the competent authorities of the EU and
the level allowed to exceed the limit values for existing sources, for a given period.
The Rules on monitoring of emissions of air pollutants from stationary sources (Narodne Novine (NN; official
Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 129/12, 97/13) provide a method of monitoring emissions of pollutants into
the air from stationary sources, the extent and types of measurements, reference methods for measurement, the
method for proving equivalence for other measurement methods, the means to verify the correctness and
calibration of measuring instruments, how to verify the correct measurement systems for measuring emissions of
pollutants into the air from stationary sources, the sampling procedure and the evaluation of the results of
measurements, the mode of transmission of data for the needs of the air emissions protection information system
and the provision of regular information to the public on the monitoring of emissions.
ANNEX 2STARTING POINTS AND PROJECTIONS FOR PROJECTIONS
Table P 2-1: Assumptions for projections — Energy and Turnover
Energy and TRANSPORT
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As indicated in Chapter 3, the greenhouse gas emission projections for this report are taken from the draft Strategy for Low
Carbon Development of the Republic of Croatia until 2030 with a view to the year 2050. A more detailed description of the
methodology used is presented below.
1Final (end-use)
energy
consumption End-use energy consumption is projected across consumption sectors — industry, transport, services,
households and agriculture, fisheries and forestry. The basis for projections is the macroeconomic
parameters and the guidance given by the EC to the Member States in order to harmonise key
parameters. For the end-use modelling activity, the detailed sectoral models shall be used with a
bottom-up approach based on which the impacts of energy efficiency measures can be simulated [15]
[16] [17] and calibrated with 2014 consumption. The performance of energy consumption modelling
was used as input for the analysis of energy transformation. Additionally, modelling has also included
the interdependence of demand for the production of energy from variable renewable energy sources,
this mainly refers to simulations of electric vehicles batteries to optimise electricity and transport
systems and the use of electric heat storage boilers to optimise electricity heat system operation.
In scenarios “with measures” and “with additional measures” the impacts of each measure are
modelled. Analyses have been carried out by sub-sector:
- industry — by industry and the type of fuel used, - transport — by type of transport (road, air, shipping and rail) and types of transport (cars, buses,
motorcycles, light and heavy vans) or for use (passenger and freight) and by type of technology
and fuel used - services — by branch (tourism, trade, education, health, administration), climatic sites (coastal and
continental Croatia), use (heating, domestic hot water generation, cooking, cooling, electrical
appliances and lighting) and by type of fuel used. Heating energy consumption modelled at the
level of useful and immediate energy - households — by climate zones (coastal and continental Croatia), for use (heating, DHW
generation, cooking, cooling, electrical appliances and lighting) and by type of fuel used. Heating
energy consumption modelled at the level of useful and immediate energy - agriculture, fishery and forestry — by type of fuel used
Demographic developments — the average fertility and average migration scenarios were assumed, in
line with the EC Guidelines.
The “measures” scenario
1.1.1. Energy consumption
in industry Assumptions:
- the development of industrial production will not be based on energy intensive industries,
balanced market-based mechanisms will steer the development towards a less intensive intensive
industry with no scarcity of energy intensive industry; - the trend in gross value added by industry is based on harmonised parameters for projections made
from the EC [21]. - market improvements in energy efficiency and fuel substitution in the industrial sector; - emissions per sub-sector are growing alongside economic growth, but growth has been moderate
due to the decrease in connectivity between GDP and energy consumption and the assumption that
there will be no construction of new energy-intensive industries. 1.1.2. Energy consumption
in transport Assumptions:
- the growth in the number of cars per 1.000 inhabitants, with 328 in 2012 [ODYSSEE] to 520 in
2050; - existing road infrastructure is mostly built; - the fastest growth in passenger transport will be in air traffic; - emissions from new vehicles will comply with Regulation (EU) No 333/2014 for private vehicles,
i.e. the average emissions of new vehicles will be below 95 g CO2/km and in accordance with EU
Regulation No. 510/2011 according to which emissions of new light delivery vehicles must fall below 174 g CO2/km
after 2017 and below 147 gCO2/km after 2020. - stagnation in the use of rail transport and inland waterways, - 6 % of the passenger cars will be electric vehicles in 2050 (under EU reference scenario 2016).
1.1.3. Energy consumption
in Assumptions: Households and services:
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Energy and TRANSPORT
general consumption - According to the existing data, in 2012 Croatia was 142,2 million in 2 residential buildings and
homes (Dugoric strategy to stimulate investment in the renovation of the national building stock,
NN No 74/14).Growth is assumed to increase slowly with the economy recovery of between 8.5 %
and 2030 years and by 10.6 % by 2050, despite the projected population decline. Most of the new
areas will be urban buildings in urban areas. - renovation of 0.5 % of the area of the stock of residential buildings per year to the standards
referred to in the Technical Regulation on rational energy use and thermal insulation in buildings
(NN Nos 128/15, 70/18,73/18), - any new buildings constructed in accordance with the same Regulation, - reduce the share of electricity and liquid heating fuels, - the electric energy consumption of the household appliances and cooling (air-conditioning) power
plants will grow, - the specific energy consumption for preparing food in households will stagnate.
Agriculture, forestry and fisheries: - reduce energy intensity with regard to market developments.
1.2“with additional measures” scenario
Continue to encourage energy efficiency beyond 2020, with the following key assumptions: - renovation of 2 % of buildings per year to the ready-made rovo-biofuel standard (it also includes
the use of renewable energy sources); - aid for the increase in the share of electric vehicles operating up to 25 % in passenger cars in 2050; - intermodal replacement of 7 % of passenger traffic and cargo from road to rail in 2030 and 20 %
in 2050, - improving the energy efficiency of the industry together with fuel substitution towards more
renewable energy sources. 2Energy
Transformation
and Resources
The electricity system is analysed by simulation of the development of the market, using a software to
optimise operation and development. EU ETS emission allowance price is assumed as in the EU
reference scenario in 2016. The refinery operation was simulated in order to meet domestic demand as far as possible with existing
capacities, meaning without the construction of new refineries in a “absence of measures” scenario, and
to reduce production in scenarios “with existing measures” and “with additional measures”. 2.1The “measures” scenario
Assumptions: - by 2020, the installed renewable energy generation capacity in accordance with the National Renewable
Energy Action Plan (2013) and the Tariff System for Renewable Energy Sources and Efficiency
(Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 133/13, 151/13, 20/14, 107/14
and 100/15) (NB: Date of expiry: In 01.01.2016, except for project holders who, until the date of entry
into force of the Act on Renewable Energy Sources and highly efficient cogeneration (NN No 100/15),
entered into a contract for the purchase of electricity with an operator of the electricity market), - it simulated market developments after 2020 with a view to optimise the operation and
development of the electricity system. - the price of emission allowances was assumed as in the EU Reference scenario 2016. - the analysis shows that renewables will be competitive and without the need for public support to
solar and wind farms. - no new coal-fired capacity, - all electricity needs will be paid from indigenous sources (excluding the Krško nuclear power
plant) after 2030, which significantly increases the need for electricity production, given that the
Republic of Croatia consumes 2535 % of the consumption. - the plans of the companies responsible for checking fugitive emissions for the application of the
fugitive emission reduction measures have been taken into account. 2.2“with additional measures” scenario
Assumptions include continuous policy developments in promoting renewable energy sources beyond
2020: - it simulated market development of software to optimise the operation and development of the
electricity system. - the price of emission allowances was assumed as in the EU Reference scenario 2016.
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feed materials and promotion of grazing systems, processing of feed materials to increase
digestibility, use of feed additives)
“with additional measures” scenario implies the application of the following measures:
- further improvements in the quality of animal feed and food
- changes in manure management systems, including aerobic digestion and biogas production,
- the improvement of the methods for applying mineral fertilisers;
Energy and TRANSPORT
- due to lower energy consumption compared to the “with measures” scenario due to the increase in
energy efficiency, the costs of achieving a higher share of renewables in gross final consumption
expenditure are lower; - no new coal-fired capacity, - no net import (excluding the Krško nuclear power plant) after 2030.
Table P 2-2: Assumptions for projections — Production processes and use of the product
PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND SOLVENT USE
The projections have been carried out on the basis of the expected development of individual industries,
including targets for 2035, and towards GDP and population development. The extium flow of 2015 (The 2015 Ageing Report) — the annual growth rate of GDP and gross
value added and population decline), as well as the results of sector analyses and studies (cement, lime,
ammonia, sulphuric acid, nitric acid production). Assumptions for the “measures” scenario:
- no additional capacity installed; - production will reach maximum values up to 2035. - Population decline - GDP is growing at a moderate pace
The Croatian Industrial Strategy 2014— 2020 defines the industrial development objectives and key
indicators of the Croatian industry in the period 2014.— 2020According to the “real scenario”, by 2020,
when the highest level of development in Croatia’s economy is achieved, the physical volume of
industrial output was assumed to be achieved in 2008. Process emissions from economic activities included, in accordance with the IPCC methodology, shall
be assessed on the basis of detailed sectoral projections of cement, ammonia and nitric acid, and
projected macroeconomic indicators of gross value added by other industries, the annual growth rate of
GDP and population reduction. The scenario covers the application of measures defined by the strategic
and planning sectoral documents included in the commercial policy of cement and nitric acid producers,
as required by the markets, legal and regulatory requirements and the application of best available
techniques in the production processes. Assumptions for the “additional measures” scenario:
— Application of cost-effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in cement, glass and
nitric acid, and to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds, controlled substances and
fluorinated greenhouse gases. In good practice, the projections for activity data and emission factors were made:
- activity data — Level 1, 2 and 3 projections methodologies used (projections of macroeconomic
parameters, impact of PAM, sectoral analyses and studies); - emission factors — Level 1 and 2 projections methodologies used (projection based on average
over five years, PAM, sectoral analyses and studies).
Table P 2-3: Assumptions for projections — Agriculture
AGRICULTURE
The projections were carried out on the basis of the expected future state of play. In order to determine the key parameters for the production of projections (livestock numbers and
species, crop production) an extrapolation of historical input data, as well as an expert evaluation
comprising historical data and sectoral strategic and development documents, was used. The assumptions are that there will be an increase in agricultural production (the start of revitalising the
livestock stock for the period 2015-2020. Years with a continued growth of populations by 2035, as well
as crop production on the basis of indicative trend over 2000-2009), and sustainable consumption of
mineral fertilisers (at the 2007-2014 level). PAM included in the development of the “with measures” scenario implies:
— Implementation of the 2014-2020 Rural Development Programme, including changes to the systems for
managing bovine animals (manure removal systems and genetic improvement) and animal feed (treating
feed materials to increase digestibility, quality improvement by volume
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- hydraulic operations;
- the introduction of new cultivars, varieties and species. __________________________________
Table P 2-4: Assumptions for projections — Waste
WASTE
The projections were carried out on the basis of the expected developments and future state of play of the parameters for the
projection:
- Solid waste disposal — the amount of solid waste produced and deposited, the proportion of biodegradable organic
waste;
- Composting — amount of waste processed through composting;
- Incineration of waste — the quantity of hospital hospitalisation and the number of human bodies transferred;
- Waste water management — quantity of household waste water handled, industrial production, number of
inhabitants using the individual wastewater system (septic tanks), population size of households without sanitary
nodes.
The 2015 projections for emissions projections and the projection of macroeconomic parameters ( The 2015 Ageing
Report) — the annual growth rate of GDP and gross added value and the decline in population, which include targets for
2050.
Assumptions for ‘with Measures’ (WM) scenario:
It includes projections of greenhouse gas (GHG) and pollutant emissions from solid waste, composting of solid waste, for waste
incineration and waste water management;
- Solid waste disposal — a sustained increase in the amount of solid waste produced and deposited in the period up to
2050 is assumed due to an increase in living standards, despite the effects of the measures taken to avoid/reduce and
recycle waste. The targets are defined by sectoral strategic documents — the Sustainable Waste Management Act
and the Waste management plan of Croatia for the period 2017.— 2022;
- Composting — a continuous increase of solid waste generated through composting is assumed;
- Waste incineration — a sustained increase in the amount of hospital waste incinerated and a reduction in the number
of human bodies created;
- Waste water management — a continuous increase in the volume of waste water processed by industry and a
decrease in the quantity of household waste water treated by households, the number of population with the
individual sewerage system (septic tanks) and the population of households without sanitary nodes is assumed.
- Other waste — assumed a mild continuous increase in the number of fires in almost all categories.
Greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions included in the Waste sector (according to IPCC and EMEP/EEA methodology)
have been assessed on the basis of sector analyses and projected macroeconomic indicators on the annual rate of GDP
growth and population reduction. The scenario covers the application of measures defined by the strategic and planning
sector-specific documents.
Assumptions for “additional measures” scenario (WAM):
It includes projections of greenhouse gas (GHG) and pollutant emissions from solid waste disposal and composting of
solid waste.
- Solid waste disposal — a reduction in the amount of solid waste produced and deposited is presumed to be due to the
application of measures defined by strategic documents that are compatible with EU legislation. Quantitative targets
for the quantity and composition of solid waste and other parameters in the models for estimating emissions from
solid waste which are not defined in strategic documents have been estimated by the expert evaluation.
- Composting — assumes a continuous increase in solid waste generated through composting for measures defined by
strategic documents that are in line with EU legislation (depending on the reduction of the amount of biodegradable
waste deposited).
In good practice, projections for activity data, the emission factors and the parameters included in models for the
estimation of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions are:
— Level 1, 2 and 3 projections methodologies have been used (projections of macroeconomic parameters, _______
impact of PAM, sectoral analyses and studies, expert valuation). _____________________________________________
Data source: [18], [19], [20]
Table P 2-5: Projection parameters — general parameters
Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
GDP — annual growth rate % — 0,4 1,6 1,8 1,2 1,3 1,9
Population apartment. 4.238 4.229 4.194 4.140 4.081 4.018
Prices of coal Euro/GJ 2,5 2,2 2,2 2,6 3,2 3,4
Price of heavy fuel oil (1 % S) Euro/GJ 8,1 7,8 11,6 13,2 14,5 15,1
Price of gas Euro/GJ 6,5 6,7 7,5 8,1 8,8 9,4
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Data source: [21]
Data source: [21]
Data source: cement producers, glass and nitric acids, [23], [19], [8]
Table P 2-6: Projection parameters — energy: total fuel consumption, electricity production, ‘with
measures’ scenario ____________________________________________________________________
Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Total fuel consumption
Coal and coke PJ 31,6 31,7 24,3 23,1 22,0 16,5
Petroleum oil liquid fuels PJ 125,8 130,7 125,9 122,3 118,5 116,2
Gas PJ 84,6 91,8 104,7 109,2 118,7 119,7
Renewable PJ 146,0 137,8 171,2 198,1 218,9 239,4
Production of electricity
Coal TWh 2,0 2,2 1,5 1,4 1,3 0,7
Petroleum oil liquid fuels TWh IE IE IE IE IE IE
Gas TWh 1,5 1,8 2,4 2,6 1,6 3,4
Renewable TWh 10,1 7,2 9,5 12,2 14,3 16,4
Imports of electricity TWh 4,0 6,8 6,4 4,6 2,9 2,6
Table P 2-7: Projection parameters — energy: final (end-use) energy consumption
Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Final (end-use) energy consumption
Industry PJ 40,6 10,9 44,9 46,4 48,0 50,4
Turnover PJ 84,5 84,5 87,3 89,8 92,9 93,3
Households PJ 92,0 112,5 11,9 112,0 111,9 111,6
Agriculture, forestry and fishing PJ 9,7 9,4 9,5 9,2 8,9 8,7
Services PJ 29,5 31,3 33,1 35,1 37,0 38,9
Others PJ 4,2 4,2 4,7 4,7 4,8 5,0
Table P 2-8: Projection parameters — climate
Benchmark
Heating step days: 2.228
Number of cooling days in the cooling season: NO Data source: [22]
Table P 2-9: Projection parameters — industry
Benchmark 1990 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Production growth index: *
Production of cement % 2.643 kt 5 — 4 33 36 40 41
Manufacture of glass 275 kt — 16 2 14 21 29 41
Nitric acid production % 332 kt 1 — 13 — 13 — 13 — 10 — 10
CO 2 emissions * *
Benchmark 1990 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
% use of solvent
93,99 kt
Co 2 e 49 62 58 56 54 50
HFC emissions * * *
HFC consumption by cooling and cooling
system
(1995)
29,32 kt
Co 2 e
1292 1431 1582 1658 1743 1885
*, * *, * * *% change compared to 1990(1995) Year
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Data source: [22], [21]
Table P 2-10: Parameters for projections — traffic
Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Number of passenger-kilometres, all 10 9 pkm
formats 40,56 40,98 43,09 45,32 47,58 49,05
Freight transport 10 9 tkm 11,59 11,64 11,90 12,16 12,42 12,69
Energy consumption ^
road transport 74,17 75,59 76,84 78,73 80,61 80,45
Table P 2-11: Projection parameters — agriculture
Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Milch cows 1000 Head 179 165 168 175 180 185
Non-dairy
bovine 1000 Head 264 240 270 285 320 340
sheep 1000 Head 605 590 620 f 650 675 700
goats 1000 Head 65 65 68 70 72 75
horses 1000 Head 20 20 22 23 24 25
mule//donkeys 1000 Head 4 2,0 2,2 2,5 3,0 3,5
pigs 1000 Head 551 480 504 528 600 672
poultry 1000 Head 5327 6048 6231 6414 6597 6719
wheat t 648.917 758.638 879.847 1.002.001 1.042.030 1.178.645
maize t 2.046.966 1.709.152 2.187.640 2.205.554 2.239.040 2.256.114
potatoes t 160.847 171.179 203.239 160.630 132.738 104.879
sugar beet t 1.392.000 756.509 1.428.948 1.408.317 1.471.355 1.497.069
tobacco t 9.164 10.132 11.766 12.041 12.794 13.712
sunflower t 99.489 94.075 92.333 109.745 114.592 129.556
oilseed rape t 71.228 56.783 70.866 70.933 90.782 99.821
tomatoes t 19.374 36.273 44.884 41.278 50.494 53.804
barley t 175.592 193.451 228.296 243.098 250.955 278.746
oats t 56.555 71.743 61.295 76.089 74.009 82.453 cabbages and others
crucifer
t 24.703 38.413 61.109 57.412 63.091 63.099
garlic t 4.272 4.634 4.912 4.534 5.288 5.757
onions t 24.160 26.204 33.438 33.475 40.069 44.763
rye t 2.800 3.356 0 0 0 0
sorghum t 1.205 1.205 1.554 1.891 2.357 2.761
watermelons t 25.598 15.771 32.599 31.346 33.683 35.274
Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
soya t 131.424 196.431 153.926 174.867 185.521 190.140
beans, dry t 1.329 1.156 0 0 0 0
field peas,
dry t 1.413 1.346 2.210 3.050 3.903 4.708
lentils t 83 83 13 0 0 0
peas, dry t 579 194 356 98 0 0
vetches t 1.500 1.500 1.923 1.585 1.512 1.462 fescue seed for sowing (Sampling card)
t 70.873 82.992 147.241 143.473 148.600 157.171
lucerne t 128.702 112.876 226.824 247.731 283.849 317.840
Applied kg 80.707.11 99.000.00 99.000.00 99.000.00 99.000.00 99.000.00 nitrogen 2 0 0 0 0 0
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Data source: [18], [19], [24], [23]
Data source:
Table P 2-12: Projection parameters — Waste
Benchmark
2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
‘WITH MEASURES’ (WM) SCENARIO
Solid waste disposal Amount of solid waste
generated t/st 0,386 0,393 0,436 0,463 0,494 0,542
Amount of solid waste
deposited kt 1349 1361 1463 1533 1612 1743
Share of biodegradable
organic waste % 68 65 65 65 65 65
Composting of solid waste Quantity of solid waste
composted kt 29 62 83 87 91 99
Waste incineration Amount of hospital
hospitalisation t 51 52 54 56 59 64
Number of dyed human
bodies
4803 5373 5094 5028 4957 4880
Waste water management Quantity of waste water
processed from households
and services 10 m 6 m 268 257 266 263 259 255
Quantity of waste water
processed from industry 10 m 6 m 13 13 13 13 14 15
Industrial production (food
and drink, paper, chemicals) kt 6586 6692 8236 8743 9326 10246
Population of the
individual’s drainage system
(septic tanks)
10 3 (st time)
2254 2232 2231 2203 2172 2138
Population in households
without sanitary nodes.
10 3 (st time)
380 378 367 356 344 333
Protein consumption t/st 0,031 0,032 0,034 0,035 0,037 0,040
Other wastes Number of fire on road
vehicles
314 433 335 350 364 377
Number of fires on detached
houses
767 845 767 767 767 767
Benchmark
2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Number of fires on houses
installed and semi-installed.
89 98 100 104 111 119
Number of fires on buildings
19 21 21 22 24 26 Number of fire on industrial
installations
626 690 702 731 780 841
“WITH ADDITIONAL MEASURES” SCENARIO (WAM)
Solid waste disposal Amount of solid waste
generated t/st 0,386 0,393 0,380 0,371 0,363 0,356
Amount of solid waste
deposited kt 1349 1361 797 298 148 107
Share of biodegradable
organic waste % 65 65 24 18 12 9
Composting of solid waste Quantity of solid waste
composted kt 29 62 277 537 753 975
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• GHG Inventory report in the Republic of Croatia for the period 1990— 2016(NIR 2018), HAOP, 2018
• Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air in the Republic of Croatia 2018(1990.2016), HAOP, 2018.
• Report on greenhouse gas projections of the Republic of Croatia, HATP, 2017
• Implementation report on PAM for reducing emissions and an increase in sinks of greenhouse gases of the Republic of
Croatia, HATP, 2017.
• Waste management strategy of the Republic of Croatia (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia)
No 130/05)
• Sustainable Waste Management Act (NN No 94/13, 73/17)
• Waste management plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2017— 2022 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of
the Republic of Croatia) No 3/17)
• Recommended parameters for reporting on plans in 2015, Final after consultation, 17 June 2014, EC