DNA & RNA
DNA
Structure Double stranded (long) Nucleotides – deoxyribose, phosphate, Nitrogen base Nitrogen bases
Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine
Function Stores genetic information Transfers genetic info.
RNA
Structure Single stranded (short) Nucleotides – ribose, phosphate, Nitrogen base Nitrogen bases
Adenine URACIL Cytosine Guanine
Function Carries genetic information from nucleus to ribosome
3 types of RNA
1- mRNA = messenger RNA
2- rRNA = ribosomal RNA3 – tRNA = transfer RNA
By controlling PROTEIN SYNTHESIS…..
DNA controls cellular structure and function
THE GENETIC CODE
The “code” refers to the message in the
RNA (not DNA)
Genetic Language
CODON“triplet” code with 3 RNA bases
Acts as a word in the genetic language
Each codon codes for a specific amino acid
Ribosomes of any living creature can produce protein from any creature’s RNA………..
AMAZING HUH?
Reading the DNA code
Codon Dictionary
Reading the DNA code
Codon Dictionary
Find the following amino acids
1- TAC
2-TGG
3-AAA
Find the following amino acids
1- AAT
2-ACG
3-ACT
Special codons
AUG Start – tells us to start making a new protein here
If used after a stop codon Methonine – met – amino acid
UAA, UAG,UGA Stop – tells the cell to stop making protein here
