CVE 4070
ENG-1000 Intro to EngineeringCVE-1000 Intro to Civil EngineeringConstruction OverviewProf. Ralph V. Locurcio, PE
Class Objectives…
Understand project delivery process Understand the phases of engineering Describe the construction profession
Construction contracts & issues Tools of the trade – skills you need Typical jobs in construction Leadership & management
Construction Intro…
The 4 phases of engineering1. Planning & Programming2. Design & Engineering3. Construction (Manufacturing)4. Maintenance
Design Process
Construction Process
Programming Process
Project Delivery Process…
Need for a projectIs recognized
Owner appointsProject Manager
Project Manager develops project
program: scope & cost parameters
Project is entered into an annual
capital program
Designer prepares concept design & preliminary cost
estimate
Designer completes plans &
specifications
Owner orders bid documents
Project Manager advertises for
construction bids
Contractors assemble team,
prepare & submit bid
Bids reviewed by owner
(with designer)
Builder’s credentials &
bonding approved
Owner approves program
Project Manager advertises for
designer
Owner hires designer
Owner authorizes final
design
Owner selectsbuilder
Notice to Proceed
Constructionbegins
Resident Engineeroversees
construction
Project phase(s)completed
All work completed final inspection
made
Progresspayment
Final paymentOwner accepts
facility
About Construction…
It’s an extremely complex process… Many players, many variables, many unknowns Design is never perfect
Unlike manufacturing process… Teams are variable; not trained on this project Production site is crude & unprepared Very large projects – rarely build more than one Very large risks – owner’s first and last experience Large penalties for error or contract failure Money drives all aspects of the process One chance to get it right
CM goal is to deliver a perfect product
Construction History
The oldest profession? The master builders… architects? Growth of Project Management Growth of Quality Management Construction Management Emerges
Hammurabi’s Code – 1780 B.C.228. If a builder build a house for some one and
complete it, he shall give him a fee of two shekels in money for each sar of surface.
229. If a builder build a house for some one, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death.
230. If it kill the son of the owner the son of that builder shall be put to death.
231. If it kill a slave of the owner, then he shall pay slave for slave to the owner of the house.
232. If it ruin goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means.
233. If a builder build a house for some one, even though he has not yet completed it; if then the walls seem toppling, the builder must make the walls solid from his own means.
Contracting – 487B.C.Contract for Rent & Repair of a House, One Year Term, Thirty-fifth year of Darius, 487 B.C. This contract is most interesting. Such business methods are not, therefore, altogether modern.
•In addition to the rent of the house of Shamash-iddin, son of Rimut, fifteen shekels of money in cash (shall go) to Iskhuya, son of Shaqa-Bel, son of the priest of Agish, for this year.
•Because of the payment he shall repair the weakness (of the house), he shall close up the crack of the wall. He shall pay a part of the money at the beginning, a part of the money at the completion. He shall pay it on the day of Bel, the day of wailing and weeping.
•In case the house is unfinished by Iskhuya after the first day of Tebet, Shamash-iddin shall receive four shekels of money in cash into his possession at the hands of Iskhuya. •The names of three witnesses and a scribe then follow… •Dated at Shibtu, the twenty-first of Kislimu, the thirty-fifth year of Darius.
Construction vs. Engineering
Construction Engineering1.Mostly outdoor 1. Mostly Indoor2.Teamwork 2. Individual work3.Business skills 3. Technical skills4.Multi-skills 4. Specialized skills5.Variable locations 5. Fixed location6.Leadership 6. Self-discipline7.Total project 7. One component8.Large budget 8. Small budget9.Great risk 9. Small risk10.End product 10. Partial product
Construction skills…
Skills you need in construction Fundamentals: science, math, business Contracting: risk, legal issues, changes Project Controls: schedule, cost, estimates Construction Operations: responsibility,
authority, planning, documents, productivity, quality, documentation, safety, closeout
Leadership: teams, organization, motivation, success, ethics
Planning… Pyramid Construction
Time2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
General Design
Planning Preparation Construct Core
Trim Exterior
Demobilize
Interior Design Room Const Interior Finishes
Bury Pharoah
Structure
Site Selection
Master Plan
Open Quarry Cut Blocks Cut Trim
Workforce
Train Train Train
Build Camp
DemobCamp
FinalInsp
What’s involved…
Engineering: 1.design the columns2.size the rebars3.draw the plans 4.specify the materials5.write the contract6.select the site7.inspect the work8.advise the owner
Construction: 1.read the plans 2.hire the workers3.organize the site4.schedule the work5.form the columns6.install the rebars7.purchase the materials8.satisfy the owner
Construction Process
Study the contract Study the site, labor, materials Plan the work
What teams are needed How will they interact in time Integrate materials & logistics Diagram the flow of work Check the timing from start to finish
Construction phase
Tape measure Hammer Square Circular saw Table saw (optional) Paintbrush Dust mask GogglesHearing Protection
4'x8' sheet of 5/8" exterior siding 1— 8' 2x4 (to be cut into 2x2's) 1— 10' 2x4, rated for outdoor use Nails—16d for base, 8d for house, and
short roofing nails if using shingles Shingles (optional) Finishing material (paint or nontoxic
wood preservative)
Tools
Materials
Construction Operations
CostTimingQualitySafetyLaborWeatherSitingTransportation
Payment calculations…pipe
A B
A
B
Plan Length = 315 feet
In Place Length = 325 feet
Delivered Length = 400 feet
Payment Method = Linear Feet of Pipe… plan, delivered, placed?Pipe cost = $150/lf = $47,250 or $60,000 or $48,750???
Change order cost estimate…
Study the plans Organize your estimate Determine critical dimensions Determine critical materials & methods Determine take off quantities Calculate the cost of each quantity Add overhead & profit Negotiate with the contractor
Foundation excavation-1…
3’
22’ 22’
19’
(18’10+16”+16 = 18’42”)
3’ 3’
3’3’
3’
(7’2”+6’4”+7’2”+7’16” = 27’24”)
4’(4’ = 7’-18”-18”
29’-6’=23’
Foundation excavation-3…
Add the pieces…3’x22’3’x22’3’x23’3’x19’3’x4’3’x3’3’x3’
Total = 3’ x 96’=288 SF x 3’ depth = 864 CF = 32 CY
Concrete volume…
Add the pieces…3’x22’3’x22’3’x23’3’x19’3’x4’3’x3’3’x3’
Total = 3’ x 96’=288 SF x 1.25’ depth = 360 CF
Cost Estimate of Change…Take-off item Label Units #Units Total #Units Cost/Unit Prod Hrs Tot Cost
Wall 12" CMU x 8' (8'above + 2'below) W1 LF 18 SFWall 12" CMU x 8' W2 LF 7.25 SFWall 12" CMU x 8' W3 LF 7.75 SF 330 $10.46 $3,451.80Wall 8" CMU x 4' (3'above + 2'below) W4 LF 10 SFWall 8" CMU x 4' W5 LF 7.25 SFWall 8" CMU x 4' W6 LF 7.75 SF 125 $8.48 $1,060.00Wall 8" CMU x 8' W7 LF 19 SFWall 8" CMU x 8' W8 LF 21.3 SFWall 8" CMU x 8' (8'above + 2'below) W9 LF 9.25 SF 495.5 $8.48 $4,201.84Brick veneer x 4' V1 LF 10 SFBrick veneer x 4' V2 LF 7.25 SFBrick veneer x 4' V3 LF 7.75 SF 100 $4.24 $424.00Rigid insulation 2.5" x R10.9 I1 LF 67 SF 536 $1.28 $686.08Column C-3 x 2 ea @12' x 8"x8" C1 EA 2 EA 2 $461.50 $923.00Steel doors-double 2 EA 2 EA 2 $551.00 $1,102.00Steel doors-single 1 EA 1 EA 1 $275.50 $275.50Floor slab 4" FS1 SF 399 CFFloor slab 4" FS2 SF 133 CF 159.6 $4.11 $655.96Masonry bond beam=V1+V2+V3 BB LF 26 LF 26 $3.26 $84.76Foundation=sum (F1:F7) FO CF 120 CF 120.0 $4.11 $493.20Excavation for foundation=sumE1:E7 EX CF 864 CY 32.0 $35.55 1.5 2.13 $75.84(assume loader does 10 buckets/hr)For finishing, ceiling, HVAC, MEP FIN CF 4256 CF 4256.0 $3.50 $14,896.00
Total Raw Cost Job $28,329.98Add 10% Overhead Job $31,162.97Add 10% Profit Job $34,279.27Grand Total Job $34,279.27
Cross check cost/CF for Sci Blds. CF 4256 $7.75 (low 1/4) $32,984.00
Project Organization…Owner
Quality Control
Superintendent Project Engineer
Project Engineer
Contractor
Project Manager, Construction Manager
and/orContracting Officer
Subcontractor
Subcontractor
Subcontractor
Subcontractor
Subcontractor
Design Manager
ProjectArchitect
StructuralEngineer
CivilEngineer
MechEngineer
ElectricalEngineer
A
B
C
Quality Assure
OfficeEngineer
TechnicalInspectors
A/E Const Staff
Resident Engineer
UsingAgency
Project Organization-designOwner
ProjectArchitect
StructuralEngineer
CivilEngineer
MechanicalEngineer
Design Manager
Corporate Management
Project Manager
ConstructionContract
UsingAgency
ElectricalEngineer
Design Staff Design Staff Design Staff Design Staff Design Staff
Consultant A Consultant B Consultant C
Project Organization-const opns
Owner
Quality Control
Superintendent Project Engineer
Project Engineer
Corporate Management
Corporate staff
Field site
Interpret Drawings & SpecsShop Drawings
RFI controlMaterialsSamples
Construction operationsCoordination of trades
SchedulesPayments
Safety-OSHAChanges
RFI responsesClarification of drawings
Monitor compliance
Monitor QC processPrepare QC reportsMake inspections
Take corrective actionDocument QC checks
Project Manager
ConstructionContract
Subcontractor A Subcontractor B Subcontractor C Subcontractor D Subcontractor E
Sub-contracts
Contractor orConstruction
Manager
Jobs in construction
Contractor – owns a company Contract specialist – interprets contract Estimator – prepares bid Project Manager – runs complete job Project Engineer – approves/orders matl. Site Engineer – plans site layout Superintendent – manages crews Quality control – inspects work
Construction vs. Engineering
Construction Engineering1.Mostly outdoor 1. Mostly Indoor2.Teamwork 2. Individual work3.Business skills 3. Technical skills4.Multi-skills 4. Specialized skills5.Variable locations 5. Fixed location6.Leadership 6. Self-discipline7.Total project 7. One component8.Large budget 8. Small budget9.Great risk 9. Small risk10.End product 10. Partial product