According to Henry Fayol “ to co-ordinate is to harmonize all the activities of a concern so as to facilitate its working and its success”
Common objectives are achieved without much wastage of time, efforts and money with the help of co- ordination.
Unity of action Common goal Group effort Continuous process Managerial responsibility Necessary Obligation
Non routine Job Dynamic Activities Standards of Performance Interdependence of Activity Specialization Growing organization
Coordination while planning Coordination while Organizing Coordination while Staffing Coordination while Directing Coordination while Controlling
Unity of command Early Beginning Scalar Chain Continuity Span of management Direct contact Reciprocity Dynamism
Clearly defined Goals Harmonised Policies and procedures Co-operation Managerial Hierarchy Communication System Liaison Officers Committees
Increased specialization High interdependence among various units Different approach towards the same problem Uncertainty about future Lack of skill Informal groups
1. To prevent collision between aircraft.
2. To prevent collision between aircraft and obstructions like vehicles building etc. on ground Air, Approach, Aerodrome Control control. Service
3. To provide orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic
4. To provide advice and information for the safe and efficient conduct of flights Flight Information Service
5. To notify appropriate organizations in case of search and rescue and provide assistance. Alerting Service
Human factors and ergonomics (HF&E), is the science of fitting the job to the worker
Good ergonomic design makes the most efficient use of worker capabilities
WORKERS - what they bring to the job
TOOLS - what they bring to the worker
TASKS - what the worker must do
ENVIRONMENT- the conditions surrounding the worker and the tool
Analysis of farm accidents and assessment Design and development of safety devices
Studies on man-machine-environment interaction
30.5% accidents were due to farm machines
34.2% accidents were due to hand tools
35.3% were due other sources The overall incidence rate per year was 334 accidents per lakh
workers whereas the fatality rate was 18.3 per lakh workers
Safety gadgets for chaff cutters and sugarcane crushers Safety cover for pedal operated paddy thresher Belt and chain type conveyor feeding system for high capacity
thresher A tractor with lighting system and other safety features
Fixing of SMV symbols and fluorescent stickers on tractor-trailers
Demonstration of spraying safety kits
Demonstration of ergonomically improved tools and equipment
Training programmed and demonstrations of women friendly tools and equipment
Benefits after the strength data was collected
Higher labor productivity Better safety and less occupational health hazards Lower Cardiac Lower muscular discomfort
Antivibration devices for tractor Antivibration devices for power tiller Improved muffler for power tiller for reduced noise level Tractor workplace layout recommendations for Indian operators
based on ergonomical considerations