Global perspecti ve of childcare in United State of America
CHILDCARE IN UNITED STATES
History and Origin of Canada
• Early childhood programs started in the 19th century
• In the 1830’s, infant schools were introduced
• In the 1850’s, there was a growth in nursery schools.
• The federal government stopped funding for child care after the war
• In 1946, the DNA was established
• Originated from the welfare and reform movements in 19th century.
• In the 1840’s, daycare nurseries began in Boston• The early nurseries cared for children from poor
income families• Daycare was known as a social service • During the great depression, daycare was
sponsored by the federal government• In 1943, privately sponsored childcare centers
opened in Portland, Oregon
History and Origin of United States
• More daycares are evolving • Daycares are providing more quality childcare• Corporations are starting to fund child care
projects and provide child care subsidies and services
• Several groups have helped improve childcare for families
Evolution of service in United State
• In the 20th century, there was an increase in the early childcare and education
• Some early crèches and day nurseries continued to run
• In the 1920’s, the Mother’s Allowance Act was introduced
Evolution of Service in Canada
Structural Quality in United states
• Aspects of structure • 1. Group size and adult-
child ratio…– Similar to Canada, Ontario
young children need a lot of care and attention
– Two adults for group of 18 children ; a certified and teacher assistant/aide
– Pre-Kindergarten classed of 19 or 20 students need 1 certified teacher and 2 teacher assistants
– Family childcare (in a home) can only have 10 children, NO MORE!
• 2. Staff Qualifications…
• Must have in-depth knowledge of child development. How children learn• Must have a state
certification valid for service in early childhood grades… • Example – New York
State certification• Bilingual certification is
required
• Aspects of structure• 1. Group size and
adult-child ratio…– Infants 1:3– Toddlers 1:5– Preschool 1:8– School – age 1:15– 5 Years 1:10
• 2. Staff qualifications…– College diploma – Register under Ontario’s ECEs– Up to-date medical forms, police
record check, and standard first aid certificate
– Maintain a focus on a framework for curriculum and pedagogy rather than develop a specific curriculum.
– Statement of Principles – Understanding children’s
development – Assessment, Evaluation and
monitoring
Structural Quality in Canada
• Passionate• Perseverance• Willingness to take risks• Patience • Pragmatism• Flexibility • Respect• Creativity • High energy • Sense of humour• Love for learning• Authenticity
Characteristics of childcare in United States and Canada
• Child Care and Development Fund• The federal government provides
subsidies to families• Temporary Assistance to Needy
Families• Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit• The Dependent Care Assistance
Program (DCAP)
Childcare Support System in United State
• In 2006, the universal child care benefit was introduced
• The Canadian government provides financial transfers
• In 2007, the tax credit for child care spaces was introduced
• The provincial government is primarily responsible for education and child care
• The federal government provides direct funds to certain groups
• Funded by the early childhood development imitative
Childcare Support System in Canada
UNITED STATES- Children are active learners, creating
knowledge and learning through their daily experiences with materials and people.
- Learning is most meaningful when it happens in the context of the child's everyday experiences at home and in the classroom.
- Development is promoted by practices that do not emphasize competition between children, are individually and age-appropriate, are carried out in an atmosphere of acceptance and respect, and are interesting and challenging to children.
Philosophy In United State & Canada
CANADA- Today’s ideas are not new- Better understanding of how to implement current teaching strategies to the curriculum- Inspires professionals
UNITED STATES - Child care system is evaluated based on:
- the environment - safety and security- programs - curriculum- communication - policies - staff CANADA
- Child care system is evaluated based on: - the accessibility, affordability and
inclusiveness- the care for children in a safe, nurturing
environment- foster early childhood development- support children and their families
Evaluation of the System
Role & Training of ECE in the United States
• Bachelor’s degree• Work as an ECE in a public school
system• Owns a teaching license• To pursue to a high level of
teaching, a master’s degree is mandatory with years of teaching experiences
• All ECE licenses have to be renewed
Role & Training of ECE in Canada
• Maintain procedures and policies for health and safety
• Meet the needs of each individual
• Encourage development in all domains
• Maintain a positive relationship with children and their families
Availability and Accessibility in the United States
• The availability in child care centers is equally questioned among communities
• In larger geographical areas, there are more centers than family day care providers
• Child care centers are the least available in poor communities
• Family day cares are the most available in mix-income communities
Availability and Accessibility in the Canada
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