Chem 17 Concepts and Equations 1st LE Topics

8/19/2019 Chem 17 Concepts and Equations 1st LE Topics

1/23

C 17 C E

1 E


2/23


3/23

•

= ∆

= C∆

= ∆H ×

•

= ∆ (∆ = )


4/23

• 1 : ∆ = +

∆

( )


5/23

,

• : H =

, ∆H, .

∆H = ( )

F , , .

∆∆∆∆

∆H > 0

∆H < 0

∆H = 0


6/23

C E ∆

∑ ∆ () − ∑ ∆ ()

•

∆

H

LR

speciesspeciesOHOHcalrxn

n)cmcmT(CH 22 ++∆−=∆

• () )

LR

speciesspeciescalrxn

n)cmT(CH +∆−=∆


7/23

– B !

– A 1 2 F 2 F23 .

• E , , , .• ∆H , , , .

• I ∆H .

(s)322(g)(s)OFe2O4FeO →+

1: ,

2

2:

kJ/mole)8108H 2O4Fe4FeO2[-1]

kJ/mole)454(2H )OFe2FeO2(22[-1]

o

2(g)(g)(s)

o

2(g)(g)(s)

+=∆+→

+=∆+→

[ ] kJ1648H O2Fe3O4Fe2 o3(s)22(g)(s) −=∆→+

kJ/mole-568H OFe2O4FeO rxn(s)322(g)(s) =∆→+

[ ][ ] kJ1648H OFe2O3Fe42

kJ454H FeO2OFe21o

3(s)22(g)(s)

o

(g)2(g)(s)

−=∆→+−=∆→+

(s)322(g)(s)OFeOFeO →+

G :

D ∆H :


8/23

F ( )

∆H = ∑ BE − ∑ BE

•

Relationship of ∆H and ∆U:

For reactions with gases:

∆H= ∆U + (∆ngas)RTwhere ∆ = ( ) (

)

F :

∆H = ∆


9/23

,

∆ > 0

∆ < 0

2 :I

( )

3 :

, , 0

∆

o

reactantsreactants

o

products products

o

rxn SnSnS ∑∑ −=∆


10/23

, ∆G > 0

∆G < 0

∆G = 0

o

reactantsf reactants

o

productsf products

o

rxn GnGnG ∆−∆=∆ ∑∑

F E

D E

∆G = ∆H ∆


11/23

∆G = ∆H ∆∆∆∆∆ ∆∆∆∆ ∆∆∆∆

+

+ +

+ +


12/23

• C

∆G = ∆H ∆

∆G = ∑ ∆G (dc) − ∑ ∆G (eaca)

∆H = ∑ ∆H (dc) − ∑ ∆H (eaca)

∆ = ∑ S (dc) + ∑ ∆S (eaca)


13/23

A() + B() → C() + D()

:

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]tD

d

1

t

C

c

1

t

B

b

1

t

A

a

1=Rate ∆

∆+=∆

∆+=∆

∆−=∆

∆−

I I


14/23

E

(

)

A = /

A = A F A,

F 1/

A = A2 2 A,

2 1/

A + B = AB

1 A, 1

B, 2

1/


15/23

D I F

( :

+ )

A =

( )

A = A

1 A

A = A2 2

A

A + B

= AB

1

A B, 2

[ ] k t

A=

∆∆−

[ ]k[A]t

A

=∆

∆

−

[ ] 2k[A]

t

A=

∆

∆−

[ ] [ ]k[A][B]

t

B

t

A=

∆

∆−=

∆

∆−

[ ] [ ] k t-AA 0=

[ ] [ ]0Alnk tAln +−=

[ ] [ ]0A

1k t

A

1+=

2k

A][t 02

1 =

k

ln2

t 21 =

[ ]02

1Ak

1t =


16/23

F A

1. .

2. .

3. .4. .

:

C


17/23

C

• . , :

1. .

2. C .3. C

.

,

, .

F , .◦ .


18/23

D

A E

Ae=k RTE

-a

K ineTemperatur T

K -mole

Joule 8.314constantgasR

energyActivationEfactor frequencyA

constantratek

a

→

→

→→

→

=

−=

12

12a

1

2

21

a

1

2

TT

T-T

R

E

k

k lnor

T

1

T

1

R

E

k

k ln

RTE-Aln=k ln a

= +

2 (2

2 )


19/23

E

F ,


20/23

G

1. G :

A + B → C + D

1

d[C]d

= 1

d[D]d

= + A B

1

d[A]d

= 1

d[B]d

= − A B


21/23

G

2. G

:

A + B

C + D

1

d[C]d

= 1

d[D]d

= A B + −

1

d[A]

d =

1

d[B]

d = − A B +


22/23

:

I ,

I .

∴

= 0

A + B

eedae

eedae

P


23/23

•

d eedae

d = 0

•

– I

= / = /

Chem 17 Concepts and Equations 1st LE Topics

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Chem 17 Concepts and Equations 1st LE Topics