Chem 17 Concepts and Equations 1st LE Topics

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C 17 C E

1 E

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•  

= ∆

= C∆

= ∆H ×

•  

= ∆ (∆ =   )

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•   1 : ∆ = +

∆

( )

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,

•   : H =

  , ∆H, .

 ∆H = (   )

 F , , .

 ∆∆∆∆

∆H > 0

∆H < 0

∆H = 0

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C E ∆

∑ ∆ () − ∑ ∆ ()

•

  ∆

H 

LR 

speciesspeciesOHOHcalrxn

n)cmcmT(CH 22 ++∆−=∆

•   () )

LR 

speciesspeciescalrxn

n)cmT(CH +∆−=∆

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 –   B !

 –   A 1 2 F 2  F23  .

•   E , , , .•   ∆H , , , .

•   I ∆H .

(s)322(g)(s)OFe2O4FeO   →+

1: ,

2

2:

 kJ/mole)8108H 2O4Fe4FeO2[-1]

kJ/mole)454(2H )OFe2FeO2(22[-1]

o

2(g)(g)(s)

o

2(g)(g)(s)

+=∆+→

+=∆+→

[ ] kJ1648H O2Fe3O4Fe2 o3(s)22(g)(s)   −=∆→+

kJ/mole-568H OFe2O4FeO rxn(s)322(g)(s)   =∆→+

[ ][ ] kJ1648H OFe2O3Fe42

kJ454H FeO2OFe21o

3(s)22(g)(s)

o

(g)2(g)(s)

−=∆→+−=∆→+

(s)322(g)(s)OFeOFeO   →+

G :

D ∆H  :

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F ( )

∆H = ∑ BE − ∑ BE

•  

Relationship of ∆H and ∆U:

For reactions with gases:

∆H= ∆U + (∆ngas)RTwhere ∆ = ( ) (

)

F :

∆H = ∆

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,

  ∆ > 0

∆ < 0

2 :I

( )

3 :

, , 0

∆

o

reactantsreactants

o

 products products

o

rxn SnSnS ∑∑   −=∆

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, ∆G > 0

∆G < 0

∆G = 0

o

reactantsf reactants

o

 productsf  products

o

rxn GnGnG   ∆−∆=∆   ∑∑

F E

D E

∆G = ∆H ∆

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∆G = ∆H ∆∆∆∆∆   ∆∆∆∆   ∆∆∆∆

  +  

+ +

+ +

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•   C

∆G = ∆H  ∆

∆G = ∑ ∆G (dc)  − ∑ ∆G (eaca) 

∆H = ∑ ∆H (dc)  − ∑ ∆H (eaca) 

∆ = ∑ S (dc) + ∑ ∆S (eaca)

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A() + B() → C() + D()

:

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]tD

d

1

t

C

c

1 

t

B

 b

1

t

A

a

1=Rate ∆

∆+=∆

∆+=∆

∆−=∆

∆−

I   I

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E

  (

)

A   = /

A   = A  F A,

F   1/

A   = A2  2 A,

2   1/

A + B   = AB

1 A, 1

B, 2

1/

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D I F

( :

+ )

A   =

( )

A   = A

1 A

A   = A2 2

A

A + B

= AB

1

A B, 2

[ ] k t

A=

∆∆−

[ ]k[A]t

A

=∆

∆

−

[ ] 2k[A]

t

A=

∆

∆−

[ ] [ ]k[A][B]

t

B

t

A=

∆

∆−=

∆

∆−

[ ] [ ] k t-AA 0=

[ ] [ ]0Alnk tAln   +−=

[ ] [ ]0A

1k t

A

1+=

2k 

A][t 02

1   =

k 

ln2

t 21   =

[ ]02

1Ak 

1t   =

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F A

1. .

2. .

3. .4. .

:

  C

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C

•   . , :

1. .

2. C .3. C  

.

  ,

, .

 F , .◦     .

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D

A E

 Ae=k  RTE

-a

K ineTemperatur T

K -mole

Joule 8.314constantgasR 

energyActivationEfactor frequencyA

constantratek 

a

→

→

→→

→

 =

 −=

12

12a

1

2

21

a

1

2

TT

T-T

R 

E

k 

k lnor

T

1

T

1

R 

E

k 

k ln

RTE-Aln=k ln a

= +

2 (2

2 )

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E  

F ,  

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G

1. G :

A + B → C + D

1

d[C]d 

  = 1

d[D]d 

  = + A   B  

1

d[A]d 

  = 1

d[B]d 

  = − A   B  

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G

2. G

:

A + B

C + D

1

d[C]d 

  = 1

d[D]d 

  =  A   B   + −      

1

d[A]

d   =

1

d[B]

d   = − A   B   +  

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:

I ,

I .

∴

  = 0

A + B

 eedae

eedae

P

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•  

d eedae

d   = 0

•  

 – I

= / = /