Chapter 4 and 5 Review
What type of succession occurs after a natural process such as a volcanic eruption or flood?
primary su
ccessi
on
old-field su
ccessi
on
seco
ndary su
ccessi
on
clim
ax community
25% 25%25%25%
1. primary succession2. old-field succession3. secondary succession4. climax community
What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem?
food w
eb
energy p
yramid
food ch
ain
energy t
ransfe
...
25% 25%25%25%
1. food web2. energy pyramid3. food chain4. energy transfer
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain?
leopard
seal
shark
Algae
kille
r whale
25% 25%25%25%
1. leopard seal2. shark3. Algae4. killer whale
Which of the following is an example of secondary succession?
breaking down ...
pioneer plants.
..
growth
of plan...
appearance of ..
.
25% 25%25%25%
1. breaking down of bare rock by fungi and mosses
2. pioneer plants begin to grow after glacial melting
3. growth of plants after a forest is destroyed by fire
4. appearance of weeds in cracks in a concrete surface
Succession is possible because
clim
ates c
hang...
it is
a rapid ...
existing plant..
.
new specie
s ma..
.
25% 25%25%25%
1. climates change over time.2. it is a rapid and chaotic process
that is very difficult to control.3. existing plants reproduce quickly.4. new species make the
environment less suitable for previous ones.
Plants play a crucial role in the carbon cycle because they
do not releas
e...
allow ca
rbon t..
.
have specia
l b...
are chemica
lly...
25% 25%25%25%
1. do not release carbon dioxide during cellular respiration.
2. allow carbon to enter an ecosystem through photosynthesis.
3. have special bacteria that live in their root systems.
4. are chemically converted into fossil fuels when burned.
Consumers are organisms that
eat only
other..
.
get s
olar or o
...
are also known...
occupy a
n ecos..
.
25% 25%25%25%
1. eat only other animal species.
2. get solar or other energy indirectly.
3. are also known as self-feeders.
4. occupy an ecosystem’s lowest energy level.
Where would you not find primary succession?
a new islan
d f...
a gravel-fille
...
a lock
ed, aban...
the Amazo
n Rai...
25% 25%25%25%
1. a new island formed by a volcanic eruption
2. a gravel-filled valley that had been covered by a glacier until recently
3. a locked, abandoned asphalt parking lot in New York City
4. the Amazon Rain Forest
What kind of natural disaster helps some forest communities by allowing some trees to release their
seeds, by clearing away deadwood, and by encouraging new growth?
Fire
Windsto
rm Fl
ood
drought
25% 25%25%25%
1. Fire2. Windstorm3. Flood4. drought
Which of the following plants is likely to be a pioneer species?
Lich
en sh
rub
Gras
s
oak tree
25% 25%25%25%
1. Lichen2. shrub3. Grass4. oak tree
Which of the following does not contain carbon from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of years ago?
Coal
natura
l gas
Oil
phosphate sa
lt...
25% 25%25%25%
1. Coal2. natural gas3. Oil4. phosphate salts
If an insect eats a plant and a bird eats the insect, about how much energy from the plant is stored in the insect for the bird to
use?
90 percent
10 percent
50 percent
1 percent
25% 25%25%25%
1. 90 percent2. 10 percent3. 50 percent4. 1 percent
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?
Deco
mposers
omnivore
s
Herb
ivores
carn
ivores
25% 25%25%25%
1. Decomposers2. omnivores3. Herbivores4. carnivores
Which two kingdoms contain organisms that can use energy from the sun to make food?
protists
and p...
fungi
and prot..
.
fungi
and plan...
plants and ani...
25% 25%25%25%
1. protists and plants2. fungi and protists3. fungi and plants4. plants and animals
Single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nuclei are
fungi.
protists
.
bacteria
.
sponge
s
25% 25%25%25%
1. fungi.2. protists.3. bacteria.4. sponges
Which of the following is not a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
Roots
leave
s
Inse
cts
oxygen
25% 25%25%25%
1. Roots2. leaves3. Insects4. oxygen
One way that bacteria and fungi are important to the environment is that they
produce
oxyge
n...
use th
e sun’s
...
are a major f
o...
break down dea...
25% 25%25%25%
1. produce oxygen.2. use the sun’s energy to
make their own food.3. are a major food source in
many ecosystems.4. break down dead
organisms.
Which of the following best describes a population?
members
of the...
all the re
d bi...
all typ
es of o
...
all members
of...
25% 25%25%25%
1. members of the same species living in the same place at the same time
2. all the red birds in an forest, park and zoo
3. all types of organisms living in the same place at different times
4. all members of the same species
Humans have inadvertently promoted the evolution of insects that are resistant to insecticides by
tryin
g to co
nt...
using in
secti
c...
using th
e wro
n...
using herb
icid...
25% 25%25%25%
1. trying to control pests with chemicals.
2. using insecticides that are outdated.
3. using the wrong insecticide.4. using herbicides
Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem?
abiotic fac
tor..
.
unnecessa
ry fa...
biotic facto
rs
selecti
on fact.
..
25% 25%25%25%
1. abiotic factors2. unnecessary factors3. biotic factors4. selection factors
Which of the following converts nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use?
Bacte
ria
protists
Fungi
animals
25% 25%25%25%
1. Bacteria2. protists3. Fungi4. animals
Most scientists classify organisms into
five kingdoms.
thre
e kingdoms...
six k
ingdoms.
two gro
ups.
25% 25%25%25%
1. five kingdoms.2. three kingdoms.3. six kingdoms.4. two groups.
In order for evolution to occur in a population, individuals with a trait that is “naturally selected for” must
live a lo
ng ti...
repro
duce.
leave
the ar
ea...
coevolve.
25% 25%25%25%
1. live a long time.2. reproduce.3. leave the area.4. coevolve.
The process of two species changing genetically in response to long-term interactions with each other is
artificia
l sel...
selecti
ve bree...
coevolution.
resis
tance
.
25% 25%25%25%
1. artificial selection.2. selective breeding.3. coevolution.4. resistance.
An organism is resistant to a chemical if it
has a ge
ne that
protects
i...
it evo
lved overnight t
o b...
did not eat a
nything w
it...
All of t
he above
25% 25%25%25%
1. has a gene that protects it from the chemical.
2. it evolved overnight to be resistant to it
3. did not eat anything with the chemical on it.
4. All of the above
Some organisms are more likely to survive because they
have certa
in physical tr
aits.
engage in
certa
in behavi...
lack
certa
in physica
l traits
.
All of t
he above
25% 25%25%25%
1. have certain physical traits.2. engage in certain
behaviors.3. lack certain physical traits.4. All of the above
The community of a pond is made up of all the
abiotic fac
tor..
.
reso
urces o
rga...
habitats
in an...
populations of..
.
25% 25%25%25%
1. abiotic factors in the water.2. resources organisms need.3. habitats in and around the
water.4. populations of fish, insects,
and other living organisms.
The organisms most likely to belong to the same species are
people at a fo
...
birds i
n a fo
r...
bacteria
insid
...
fish in
a pond...
25% 25%25%25%
1. people at a football game.2. birds in a forest.3. bacteria inside a person’s body.4. fish in a pond.
The energy in most ecosystems comes from
green plants.
wind.
the su
n. co
ws
25% 25%25%25%
1. green plants.2. wind.3. the sun.4. cows
Which of the following is not an ecosystem?
Dese
rt
cora
l reef
oak fore
st
utility pole
25% 25%25%25%
1. Desert2. coral reef3. oak forest4. utility pole