THE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
Site
Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine(from pancreas)
Small intestine
Site
Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine(from pancreas)
Small intestine
EnzymeEnzyme Role in DigestionRole in Digestion
Section 38-2
Salivary amylase
Pepsin
Amylase
Trypsin
Lipase
Maltase, sucrase, lactase
Peptidase
Breaks down starches into disaccharides
Breaks down proteins into large peptides
Continues the breakdown of starch
Continues the breakdown of protein
Breaks down fat
Breaks down remaining disaccharides into monosaccharides
Breaks down dipeptides into amino acids.
Mouth
Salivary glands
Stomach
Pancreas (behind stomach)Large intestine
Small intestine
Rectum
Gallbladder (behind liver)
Liver
Esophagus
Pharynx
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Section 38-2
Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Bile duct
Pancreas
Pancreatic duct
To rest of small intestine
THE LIVER AND THE PANCREASSection 38-2
Small Intestine Villus
Circular folds
Villi
Epithelial cells
Capillaries
Lacteal
Vein
Artery
THE SMALL INTESTINE
Section 38-2
FUNCTIONS
Helps maintain homeostasis. Rids the body of the wastes of
metabolism. Excess salts Carbon dioxide Urea Excess water
Maintains blood volume and pH.
LIVER
Blood from the intestines flows through the liver to be detoxified before traveling to the rest of the body.
Breaks down excess proteins into the waste product urea.
KIDNEYS
Remove waste products from the blood. Excess water, excess salts and urea which
make up urine. Maintain blood pH. Regulate water content of blood
(volume).
Kidney (Cross Section)
Cortex
Medulla
Vein Artery
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
THE URINARY SYSTEMSection 38-3
KIDNEY FUNCTION
Filtration – everything but cells are filtered out of the blood (passive).
Reabsorption – water and nutrients are absorbed back into the blood (active). What remains behind is urine. Excess water Salts Urea
Kidney Nephron
Cortex
Medulla Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
To the bladder
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus
Capillaries
Collecting duct
To the ureter
Loop of Henle
Artery
Vein
STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEYSSection 38-3
KIDNEY FAILURE
Having two kidneys provides a backup. If both fail, a transplant or dialysis is
needed.
Vein
Artery
Shunt
Air detector Dialysis machine
Blood pump
Blood in tubing flows through dialysis fluid
Used dialysis fluid
Compressed air
Fresh dialysis
fluid
KIDNEY DIALYSISSection 38-3