Chapter 17: Chapter 17: LeadershipLeadership
Creating Effective Creating Effective OrganizationsOrganizations
Does Leadership Does Leadership Matter?Matter? Examples from sports teams who Examples from sports teams who
change coacheschange coaches Examples from mission Examples from mission
experiencesexperiences
Career Progression and Career Progression and Skill MixSkill Mix
Entry Level
Top ManagementConceptualand Human
Relations Skills
TechnicalSkills
Skill Mixfor Success
Characteristics of Characteristics of Transactional Transactional LeadershipLeadership Establishes goals and objectivesEstablishes goals and objectives Designs work flow and delegates task Designs work flow and delegates task
assignmentsassignments Negotiates exchange of rewards for Negotiates exchange of rewards for
efforteffort Rewards performance and recognizes Rewards performance and recognizes
accomplishmentsaccomplishments Searches for deviations from Searches for deviations from
standards and takes corrective actionsstandards and takes corrective actions
Characteristics of Characteristics of Transformational Transformational LeadershipLeadership Charismatic:Charismatic: Provides vision and a sense Provides vision and a sense
of mission, gains respect and trust, of mission, gains respect and trust, instills prideinstills pride
Individualized consideration:Individualized consideration: Gives Gives personal attention, and treats each personal attention, and treats each person individually, coachesperson individually, coaches
Intellectually stimulating:Intellectually stimulating: Promotes Promotes learning, encourages rationality, uses learning, encourages rationality, uses careful problem solvingcareful problem solving
Inspirational:Inspirational: Communicates high Communicates high performance expectations, uses symbols performance expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, distills essential purposesto focus efforts, distills essential purposes
Theories of LeadershipTheories of Leadership
1.1. TraitsTraits EffectivenessEffectiveness2.2. PowerPower EffectivenessEffectiveness3.3. BehaviorBehavior EffectivenessEffectiveness4.4. Contingency/Situational TheoriesContingency/Situational Theories
5.5. Role TheoriesRole Theories
LeaderLeader
TraitsTraits
SituationsSituations
Behavior Effectiveness.Behavior Effectiveness.
Personality Factors Most Personality Factors Most Frequently Associated with Frequently Associated with Effective LeadershipEffective LeadershipCapacityCapacity AchievemeAchieveme
ntntResponsibiResponsibilitylity
ParticipaParticipationtion
StatusStatus
IntelligencIntelligencee
ScholarshipScholarship HonestyHonesty ActivityActivity SocioeconoSocioeconomic positionmic position
AlertnessAlertness KnowledgeKnowledge DependabilityDependability SociabilitySociability PopularityPopularity
Verbal Verbal facilityfacility
Athletic Athletic accomplishmaccomplishmentent
InitiativeInitiative CooperationCooperation
OriginalityOriginality Personality Personality adjustmentadjustment
PersistencePersistence AdaptabilityAdaptability
JudgmentJudgment AggressiveneAggressivenessss
HumorHumor
Self-Self-confidenceconfidence
Desire to Desire to excelexcel
Managerial Grid—One Managerial Grid—One best way to manage—best way to manage—Be 9-9Be 9-9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Concern for People
Con
cern
for Tas
k
(1,9)(1,9)
(9,1)(9,1)
(9,9)(9,9)
(5,5)(5,5)
(1,1)(1,1)
Leadership Styles—Leadership Styles—Participative Leaders Participative Leaders are Bestare BestLikert’s System FourLikert’s System Four
– System I—Exploitive AutocraticSystem I—Exploitive Autocratic– System II—Benevolent AutocraticSystem II—Benevolent Autocratic– System III—ConsultativeSystem III—Consultative– System IV—Participative GroupSystem IV—Participative Group
Hersey and Hersey and Blanchard’Blanchard’s s Situational Situational Leadership Leadership Theory Theory Model: Model: Defining Defining Maturity Maturity and Four and Four Leadership Leadership StylesStyles
HighHigh
relationshiprelationship
Low taskLow task
High taskHigh task
HighHigh
relationshiprelationship
LowLow
relationshiprelationship
Low taskLow task
High taskHigh task
LowLow
relationshiprelationship
S1S1
S2S2S3S3
S4S4
Par
tici
pating
Del
egat
ing Telling
Selling
HighHigh
LowLow HighHighTask BehaviorTask Behavior
Rela
tion
ship
Beh
avi
or
Rela
tion
ship
Beh
avi
or Style Style
of of LeadeLeade
rr
ImmatureImmatureMatureMature
AbilityAbility
WillingnessWillingness
M1M1M2M2M3M3M4M4HighHigh ModerateModerate LowLow
This person is This person is ableable(has the necessary(has the necessaryknowledge and knowledge and skill)skill)This person is This person is willingwilling(has the necessary (has the necessary confidence and confidence and commitment)commitment)
Maturity of FollowersMaturity of Followers
Psychological maturityPsychological maturity
Job maturityJob maturity
A great dealA great deal44
Quite a bitQuite a bit33
SomeSome22
LittleLittle11
UsuallyUsually44
OftenOften33
On occasionOn occasion22
SeldomSeldom11
Source: Hersey and Blanchard. Source: Hersey and Blanchard. Management of Organizational Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources, 4Resources, 4thth ed., ©1982, p. 152. ed., ©1982, p. 152. Adapted by permission of Adapted by permission of Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.Cliffs, NJ.
Roles of Effective Roles of Effective LeadersLeaders
1.1. Systems ThinkersSystems Thinkers
2.2. Organization DesignersOrganization Designers
3.3. Stewards (Share vision and Stewards (Share vision and purpose)purpose)
4.4. Creators of Creative TensionCreators of Creative Tension
5.5. TeachersTeachers
Source: Peter Senge, 1990Source: Peter Senge, 1990
Key Findings from Key Findings from Leadership Theory Leadership Theory Transformational leaders inspire higher Transformational leaders inspire higher
performance than do transactional leadersperformance than do transactional leaders Effective leaders must be concerned about Effective leaders must be concerned about
accomplishing the task and relationshipsaccomplishing the task and relationships Effective leaders know when to tell, sell, Effective leaders know when to tell, sell,
participate, or delegateparticipate, or delegate Effective leaders understand mission and Effective leaders understand mission and
strategy, know how to implement change, strategy, know how to implement change, motivate employees to high performance, and motivate employees to high performance, and teach effectivelyteach effectively
Effective leaders lead by example and are Effective leaders lead by example and are honest and fair. They inspire confidence.honest and fair. They inspire confidence.