CHAPTER 16
Section 1: The Unification of Italy
Objectives
Describe the events that led to nationalist movements for unification in Italy.
Identify the important leaders in the fight for the unification of Italy.
Explain the problems Italy faced after unification.
Nationalism in Europe
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The Unification of Italy
Advantage:
Disadvantage:
Option 1
attack Garibaldi
Advantage:
Disadvantage:
Option 2
allow Garibaldi to take power
Problem: Garibaldi could take power from Cavour
16.1 Bell Ringer: What were Cavour’s options for preventing Garibaldi from taking power?
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Ideals of the French Revolution
United under Napoleon
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Congress of Vienna divided Italyinto several large & small states.
Austria ruled Lombardy andVenetia.
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Despite this, nationalismcontinued to grow…
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Early 1800s, thinkers & writers tried to revive interest in Italy’straditions …
RisorgimentoGoals?
LIBERATION
UNIFICATION
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Carbonari
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Mazzini
“neither pope nor king” but rather arepublic.
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…the first Italian democratic movement embracing all social classes – wealthy, intellectuals, farmers, students, workers…
Young Italy
…by 1833 there were 60,000 members
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1848 – revolts in various Italian states – they overthrow Austrian rule in Lombardy & Venetia.
In 1849 the revolutionaries seized Rome, setting up a republic governed by Mazzini and two other leaders.
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The revolts of 1848-49 failed.Only the Kingdom of Sardinia(Piedmont-Sardinia)remained a completelyindependent state.
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Italian nationalists had little success . . .
Conservatives = federation of Italian states ruled by the pope
Liberals = a constitutional monarchy under Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia
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Camillo Cavourchief minister of the Kingdomof Sardinia
Wanted Sardinia to lead the way inuniting Italy
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Austria was the greatestbarrier in Italian unification.
The Two Players ….CavourNapoleon III
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Guiseppe Garibaldi1854Red ShirtsRed Shirts
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“Expedition ofthe Thousand”
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The Unification of Italy
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In the fall of 1860 Garibaldiand Victor Emmanuel metin Naples.
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Unification and Its Problems
• Little experience with self-gov’t
• Cultural differences divided the country
• Tensions between industrialized north and agricultural south
• Standard of living was very low
• Labor problems
Political Cartoon
The Unification of Italy
Visual SourcesThe Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
The Right Leg in the Boot at Last!!
Garibaldi:"If it won't go on Sire, try a little powder." (as in GUNpowder)
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The Unification of ItalyCarbonariCavourRepublicYoung Italy movement RisorgimentoVictor EmmanuelGaribaldiCavour dealing with AustriaSardinia’s war with AustriaUnification efforts after 1848 revolutionsMazzini
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The Unification of Italy
Political Cartoon
The Unification of Italy
Political Cartoon
The Unification of Italy
Political Cartoon
The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
Advantage:
Disadvantage:
reasserts the leadership of Sardinia
decreases likelihood of capturing northern Italy
Option 1
attack Garibaldi
Advantage:
Disadvantage:
increases likelihood of taking northern Italy from Austria
gives Emmanuel II’s power to Garibaldi
Option 2
allow Garibaldi to take power
Problem: Garibaldi could take power from Cavour