Nationalism and Unification Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia and China.

Nationalism and UnificationNationalism and Unification

Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia and China

Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia and China

Italian UnificationItalian Unification

Cavour Prime Minister of Sardinia

What parts of Italy did Austria Control Northern territories of Venetia and Lombardy.

How did Cavour obtain the state of Lombardy? Provoked Austria into war, and with the help of his ally

France, won and received Lombardy as a result.

Cavour Prime Minister of Sardinia

What parts of Italy did Austria Control Northern territories of Venetia and Lombardy.

How did Cavour obtain the state of Lombardy? Provoked Austria into war, and with the help of his ally

France, won and received Lombardy as a result.

Italian UnificationItalian Unification

How did Cavour incorporate the middle states? Able to convince the middle states to join the unification

movement. (They held a plebiscite or vote to join the movement.)

Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi? A Military leader who would lead the Southern

unification of Italy. Who were the “Red Shirts” and what did they do?

A volunteer army. Fought successfully to liberate Sicily and Naples (the

southern part of the boot) from foreign control.

How did Cavour incorporate the middle states? Able to convince the middle states to join the unification

movement. (They held a plebiscite or vote to join the movement.)

Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi? A Military leader who would lead the Southern

unification of Italy. Who were the “Red Shirts” and what did they do?

A volunteer army. Fought successfully to liberate Sicily and Naples (the

southern part of the boot) from foreign control.

Italian UnificationItalian Unification

What did Cavour have to convince Garibaldi to do? To join his unification movement.

How did Cavour obtain Venetia? Italy became allies with Prussia against Austria.

Prussia fought a quick war against Austria (the Austro-Prussian War) and they won. Italy was rewarded for loyalty to Prussia.They received Venetia.

What did Cavour have to convince Garibaldi to do? To join his unification movement.

How did Cavour obtain Venetia? Italy became allies with Prussia against Austria.

Prussia fought a quick war against Austria (the Austro-Prussian War) and they won. Italy was rewarded for loyalty to Prussia.They received Venetia.

Italian UnificationItalian Unification

How did Italy fit a final piece (Rome) into its puzzle? Papal states of Rome stocked with French troops. Prussia fought a major war against France. France was losing this war they could not afford to

keep their troops in Rome so they called them home. Italians moved in. It was 1870 Unification was

complete.

How did Italy fit a final piece (Rome) into its puzzle? Papal states of Rome stocked with French troops. Prussia fought a major war against France. France was losing this war they could not afford to

keep their troops in Rome so they called them home. Italians moved in. It was 1870 Unification was

complete.

Italian UnificationItalian Unification

How did the German unification movement impact Italian Unification? Prussia did much of actual fighting against Italy’s enemies. The last two territories that Italy needed to complete their

unification came courtesy of the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian Wars.

Could Italy have unified without Prussia? Probably not at that time.

Why/Why not? Italy wasn’t powerful enough to take on and win wars

against Austria or France without help from allies.

How did the German unification movement impact Italian Unification? Prussia did much of actual fighting against Italy’s enemies. The last two territories that Italy needed to complete their

unification came courtesy of the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian Wars.

Could Italy have unified without Prussia? Probably not at that time.

Why/Why not? Italy wasn’t powerful enough to take on and win wars

against Austria or France without help from allies.

Austria - Hungary UnificationAustria - Hungary Unification In the 1500’s what was the extent of Hapsburg

holdings? Not only Central Europe but also Spain and

Netherlands.

How were they split? Austrian Hapsburgs control Central Europe Charles’ son Phillip II took Spain, Netherlands and

Spanish New World Possessions.

In the 1500’s what was the extent of Hapsburg holdings? Not only Central Europe but also Spain and

Netherlands.

How were they split? Austrian Hapsburgs control Central Europe Charles’ son Phillip II took Spain, Netherlands and

Spanish New World Possessions.

Austria - Hungary UnificationAustria - Hungary Unification

How did Austria attempt to control European politics post - 1800? Their influence in European affairs was

profound. Hosted Congress of Vienna in 1815 Took charge of the “Confederation of the Rhin

e”

How did Austria attempt to control European politics post - 1800? Their influence in European affairs was

profound. Hosted Congress of Vienna in 1815 Took charge of the “Confederation of the Rhin

e”

Austria - Hungary UnificationAustria - Hungary Unification

What was Austria’s 19th century fate? Austria’s power in Europe decreased in the

1800’s. Falling behind economically as they were

largely industrialized Plagued by the nationalist uprisings of their

minority groups.

What was Austria’s 19th century fate? Austria’s power in Europe decreased in the

1800’s. Falling behind economically as they were

largely industrialized Plagued by the nationalist uprisings of their

minority groups.

Austria - Hungary UnificationAustria - Hungary Unification

What was the ethnic problem in Austria? They ruled over more than a DOZEN different

ethnic groups. Each group had its own culture, history and

language These groups became increasingly vocal about

their desire for self-government.

What was the ethnic problem in Austria? They ruled over more than a DOZEN different

ethnic groups. Each group had its own culture, history and

language These groups became increasingly vocal about

their desire for self-government.

Austria - Hungary UnificationAustria - Hungary Unification

What happened in 1848 in Austria? Austria faced a series of significant uprisings

within its Empire. Demonstrations for democratic reforms in the

capital city of Vienna, Austria.

What happened in 1848 in Austria? Austria faced a series of significant uprisings

within its Empire. Demonstrations for democratic reforms in the

capital city of Vienna, Austria.

Austria - Hungary UnificationAustria - Hungary Unification

What did Austria agree to in 1867? Why did they agree to this? The largest ethnic group (Magyars) who were

Hungarians. 1867 Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to the

Hungarian Compromise of 1867 Created the Dual Monarchy of Austria and Hungary

What did Austria agree to in 1867? Why did they agree to this? The largest ethnic group (Magyars) who were

Hungarians. 1867 Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to the

Hungarian Compromise of 1867 Created the Dual Monarchy of Austria and Hungary

Austria - Hungary UnificationAustria - Hungary Unification

What was the extent of the Compromise? Emperor would continue to rule from Vienna A second capital city was created in Budapest

(Hungary) to rule Eastern part of Empire. Second Parliament was created Hungarians or Magyars were granted enormous

ruling power. Austria became Austria-Hungary (Flag now

had eagle with two heads)

What was the extent of the Compromise? Emperor would continue to rule from Vienna A second capital city was created in Budapest

(Hungary) to rule Eastern part of Empire. Second Parliament was created Hungarians or Magyars were granted enormous

ruling power. Austria became Austria-Hungary (Flag now

had eagle with two heads)

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

RussiaRussia

What was the PERCEPTION of Russia in the 18th and 19th Centuries? Because Russia was large and populous, people

(incorrectly) assumed that it was militarily powerful.

What was the PERCEPTION of Russia in the 18th and 19th Centuries? Because Russia was large and populous, people

(incorrectly) assumed that it was militarily powerful.

RussiaRussia What was the economic condition of Russia

in the 19th Century? Not Industrialized Until 1861 still had serfs! Economy was mostly agricultural Small Middle Class Very Small Upper Class Most population serfs or peasant farmers.

What was the economic condition of Russia in the 19th Century? Not Industrialized Until 1861 still had serfs! Economy was mostly agricultural Small Middle Class Very Small Upper Class Most population serfs or peasant farmers.

RussiaRussia

Describe Alexander II’s motivations for freeing the serfs. He genuinely wanted to strengthen the bond between the

Russian people and the monarchy. He hoped that the move would establish a surplus of labor

to be employed in urban factories. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXPP1j1yahg Take notes on Alexander II and Alexander III to help on

your test!

Describe Alexander II’s motivations for freeing the serfs. He genuinely wanted to strengthen the bond between the

Russian people and the monarchy. He hoped that the move would establish a surplus of labor

to be employed in urban factories. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXPP1j1yahg Take notes on Alexander II and Alexander III to help on

your test!

RussiaRussia

What were the results? Did not happen Most serfs remained on the land they had

worked for centuries No movement into cities

What were the results? Did not happen Most serfs remained on the land they had

worked for centuries No movement into cities

RussiaRussia

Why didn’t economic and political reforms occur in Russia? Small middle class Powerful landowning aristocracy Little change Alexander II was assassinated His son Alexander III cracked down hard on

any reforms in Russia.

Why didn’t economic and political reforms occur in Russia? Small middle class Powerful landowning aristocracy Little change Alexander II was assassinated His son Alexander III cracked down hard on

any reforms in Russia.

RussiaRussia

What was the ethnic make-up of Russia? Like the Austrian and Ottoman Empires Had a large number of Ethnic minorities Poles,Fins,Ukrainians,Slavs and a large Jewish

Population.

What was the ethnic make-up of Russia? Like the Austrian and Ottoman Empires Had a large number of Ethnic minorities Poles,Fins,Ukrainians,Slavs and a large Jewish

Population.

RussiaRussia What was RUSSIFICATION?

Campaign in which the government attempted to force all minorities to adopt : The Russian language The Russian customs Supposed to be a nationalistic and unifying ploy DID IT WORK?

No People resisted and became more committed to

maintaining their own culture!

What was RUSSIFICATION? Campaign in which the government attempted

to force all minorities to adopt : The Russian language The Russian customs Supposed to be a nationalistic and unifying ploy DID IT WORK?

No People resisted and became more committed to

maintaining their own culture!

RussiaRussia

What were pogroms? Murderous raids on Jewish communities. What were the results of these?

Many Jews emigrated to the United States during this time.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PFQ7Th_rAs

What were pogroms? Murderous raids on Jewish communities. What were the results of these?

Many Jews emigrated to the United States during this time.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PFQ7Th_rAs

RussiaRussia

What caused the Russo-Japanese War of 1905? The war was a result of the imperialistic clash

of Russia and Japan in Korea.

What caused the Russo-Japanese War of 1905? The war was a result of the imperialistic clash

of Russia and Japan in Korea.

RussiaRussia

What was the result of the war? Russia was defeated by the thoroughly modern

Japan in 1905. This was a terrible embarrassment for Russia,

and signaled the rise of a powerful Asian state.

What was the result of the war? Russia was defeated by the thoroughly modern

Japan in 1905. This was a terrible embarrassment for Russia,

and signaled the rise of a powerful Asian state.