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Prospects for Carbon Capture
and Storage in Southeast Asia(Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam)
Asian Development BankAsian Development Bank
Pradeep Tharakan
Climate Change Specialist, Energy Division
Southeast Asia Department
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AT FIRST GLANCE,AT FIRST GLANCE,
PROSPECTS LOOKPROSPECTS LOOKLIMITEDLIMITED
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Per capita emissions and total GHGPer capita emissions and total GHG
emissions from the energy sector are lowemissions from the energy sector are low
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Focus on enhancing energyFocus on enhancing energy
access and energy securityaccess and energy security
World Bank (2010)
World Energy Outlook (2010)
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Very low appetite for increased tariffsVery low appetite for increased tariffs
in the power sectorin the power sector
World Bank (2010)
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RenewablesRenewables vsvs CCSCCS where shouldwhere should
S.E. Asia focus?S.E. Asia focus?
Significant portion of the potential is base load power
geothermal and hydropower
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Growing public opposition to fossilGrowing public opposition to fossil
energy projects and possibly CCSenergy projects and possibly CCS
Coal-slaw, coaliflower, and coalcuts
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Land and Water AvailabilityLand and Water Availability
can be a Local Issuecan be a Local Issue
Southern Companys BarryPower Plant s 500 tpd CCSdemo in a coal-fired powerplant
2600 MW power plant
CCS
on 25 MWslip
stream DOE provided nearly $300
million
Source: MHI (2010)
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ON A CLOSER LOOK,ON A CLOSER LOOK,
HOWEVER, SOMEHOWEVER, SOMEOPPORTUNITIES EMERGEOPPORTUNITIES EMERGE
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GHG emissions from energyGHG emissions from energy
sector are set to rise steeplysector are set to rise steeply
APERC (2010)
Ins
ti
tute of
Energy, Vi
et NAM, 2010
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CCS in relation to high CO2CCS in relation to high CO2
associated with natural gas fieldsassociated with natural gas fields
APEC (2010)
APEC (2010)
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Interest in CCS in S.E.Asia
White Tiger Project
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ADB REGIONAL TA ON CCSADB REGIONAL TA ON CCS
IN S.E. ASIAIN S.E. ASIA $1.3 million
October 2010 October 2011
Focus on INO, PHI, THA and VIE
Financed by GCCSI through the ADBsCCS Fund
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TA ObjectivesTA Objectives
Build awareness
Strengthen capacity to plan for CCS
Develop CCS roadmap
Remove Barriers
Establish Enabling Mechanisms
Identify 2+ demo projects
Learn by doing -- Leave each countrycapable of carrying forward its own CCSactivities
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TA ActivitiesTA Activities
Catalogue existing CCS activities Baseline and projected emissions analysis
Screening of storage sites and source-sink
matching Identify issues: policy, technical, geological,
regulatory, financial, economic, publicacceptance
Identify investment opportunities
Draft road maps
Establish CCS working groups
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ADB Consulting TeamADB Consulting Team
International Expert team
Canada, USA, Australia
CO2 Capture and Transport
Power Generation
CO2 Storage and Enhanced Oil Recovery
CCS Regulation
Project finance Partner with experts and institutes in
each country (e.g. IE, VPI, NIGS, Lemigas)
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TA ScheduleTA Schedule
Consultation / Inception Workshops
Information gathering Sep 2010 - May 2011
Road map development Jan May 2011
Study tour to pilot projects Early Fall 2011
Regional workshop September 2011
Philippines, Thailand November 2010
Viet Nam January 2011
Indonesia April 2011 (longer schedule)
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Outline of AnalysisOutline of Analysis
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COCO22
Sources DataSources Data
Existing and planned
Power industry
Oil & Gas
Refining
Gas Processing
Petrochemicals Fertilizer
Cement
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Data RequestedData Requested
Fuel type + Analysis
CO2
quantity, and concentration insource stream
Contaminants (NOx, SOx, O2, pm)
Service factor and variability
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COCO22
Sink Data CollectionSink Data Collection
Conventional Geological Storage Targets
Depleted Oil & Gas Fields
Deep Saline Aquifers
Emerging Geological Storage Targets
Coalbeds Geothermal Fields
Ophiolites
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Depleted Oil & Gas FieldsDepleted Oil & Gas FieldsMethodology
Use Production data, Reserve data, Pressure,Temperature and Well Numbers to calculateCapacities, Injection Rates & Availability forCO2Storage
Progress
Thailand: Completed. Some fields have capacities
exceeding 100 megatonnes CO2 Philippines: Data being collected
Vietnam: Methodology under discussion
Indonesia: First Meeting planned forApril
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Saline AquifersSaline Aquifers
Methodology Calculate Volume ofSedimentary Basins
Calculate Porosity Volume forStorage from % ofSuitable BasinSediments and theirAverage Porosity
Calculate CO2 Storage Potential using Efficiency Factor
PROGESS
Thailand: 10 of94 Sedimentary Basins being Analyzed
Philippines: Data being collected Vietnam: In Negotiation Stage for Type ofAnalysis
Indonesia: First Meeting planned forApril
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Finance: Key Analysis inFinance: Key Analysis in
ReportReport Financial model, accommodates any arrangement
of revenues, OPEX, CAPEX and capitalization
(grant, debt and equity) and calculates LCOEbased on 0 NPV and set discount rate.
Existing sources ofgrant funding forfirstgeneration projects reviewed along with structuring
issues with traditional energy funding sources. Financing, structuring and incentives required to be
in place forsecond generation plants areexamined.
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Regulatory Issues: KeyRegulatory Issues: Key
Analysis in ReportAnalysis in Report Review existing laws and regulations pertaining to oiland gas, powersector, environment, public disclosureand long-term liability ofindustrial activity.
Ownership ofpore space a crucial issue.
Map relevance ofexisting legal framework to CCS andidentify gaps, modifications required
Engage regulatorsin the
focuscountr
ies
andincrea
seawareness about model regulatory frameworks being
developed in OECD countries and evaluate relevanceto S.E. Asian contexts.
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Thank you