Q: Which ones are natural resources in Canada?
Maple Syrup
Snow
Forests
Fish
Justin BieberOil
Hockey players
Write down plus anything in a
Also write down the titles of each natural resource when you see them
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(except maps and diagrams)
2 types of natural resources:
1. Renewable: a resource that replaces itself.
Ex. Trees, fish
2. Non-Renewable: a resource that DOES NOT replace itself. It can only be used once.
Ex. Oil, iron ore
Natural Resource:
A natural material that is useful and valuable to humans.
•Precipitation soaks into the ground. This is called groundwater.
•Groundwater is used by plants, farmers, and wells for drinking water
•The water table is the level of groundwater in the earth
•Wetlands are areas that are saturated with water (e.g. marshes, swamps). They cover 14% of Canada’s area
•The rest is fossil water that is in lakes, underground aquifers, and glaciers
•More than half of this water drains into the Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay…
•We have 20% of the world’s fresh water
•BUT, only 7% of the world’s renewable fresh water
•So it is unavailable to the 85% of people who live in southern Canada
•So our water supply is actually very
stressed!
Washing machine 230 l/use
Bath 130 l/use
Shower 25 l/minute
Dishwasher 65 l/use
Toilet flush 20 l/use
Running faucet 12 l/minute
•An average Canadian uses 330 l/day
•Canadians are the second-largest water users in the world!
Water Water PollutionPollution
Can come Can come from:from:
•PesticidesPesticides
•ChemicalsChemicals
•SewageSewage
•FertilizersFertilizers
•ManureManure
•GarbageGarbage
Did you know...?Did you know...?Canada’s largest oil refinery is in Canada’s largest oil refinery is in Saint John, New Brunswick. The Saint John, New Brunswick. The Irving Oil refineryIrving Oil refinery accounts for accounts for more than 40% of Canada’s total more than 40% of Canada’s total petroleum exports.petroleum exports.
CountryCountry BarrelsBarrels
• Venezuela (OPEC) 297,570,000,000
• Saudi Arabia (OPEC)264,600,000,000
• Canada 255,200,000,000
• Iran (OPEC)150,600,000,000
• Iraq (OPEC)143,500,000,000
• Kuwait (OPEC) 104,000,000,000
• United Arab Emirates (OPEC) 97,800,000,000
• Russia 74,200,000,000
• Libya (OPEC) 47,000,000,000
• Nigeria (OPEC) 37,200,000,000
Oil is measured in barrels:
1 barrel = 42 US gallons or about 159 L
How Much Oil Does Canada Have?How Much Oil Does Canada Have?
•Oil comes from petroleum
•Petroleum is formed by decayed plants and animals over millions of years.
•The weight of the layers above compresses the lower layers into _________________ rock
•Eventually they get converted into oil and natural gas
Where is the Oil in Canada?Where is the Oil in Canada?
Where is there sedimentary rock?
Southern Interior Southern Interior PlainsPlains Athabasca Oil
Sands
Also on the ocean floor, off the coast of NFLD
Hibernia
•Only about 7% of Canada’s land is used for farming; (3 times bigger than Great Britain)
•It is worth more than $11 billion a year
•In the 1880s, 80% of Canadians were farmers; today only 3%
•Mechanization has brought many changes
4 Main Types of 4 Main Types of Farming…Farming…
WheatWheat
Dairy & LivestockDairy & Livestock
Fruits & VegetablesFruits & Vegetables
Beef Cattle & GrainBeef Cattle & Grain
IntensiveIntensive ExtensiveExtensiveSmall farms
Lots of labour and money needed
Ontario, Quebec
Fruits, vegetables, dairy, poultry, hogs (perishable products)
Large farms
Lots of machinery, few workers
Prairies
Cattle, ranching
Less perishable products
Mechanization on the farm:
· The increase in new technologies and equipment in farming is called “mechanization.”
Soil is damaged by Erosion, Contamination, & Overuse
Today, there are more than twice as many tractors and combines as agricultural workers.
·Use of machines has resulted in loss of jobs
·But, farms are more profitable now
Canada has 10% of the world’s forests!
How Much is Harvested?
•less that 1 percent per year (slightly larger than PEI)
What is a…
A tree with cones and needle leaves (evergreen); softwood
A tree that sheds its leaves every autumn (broad-leaved); hardwood
2) Coniferous tree?
1) Deciduous tree?
TechniquesTechniquesCutCut tingtingClear-Cutting Shelterwood
CuttingSelective Cutting
•Every tree is cut down
•Cheap and fast
•Clear-cutting only part of the forest (the old growth part)
•Cutting only mature trees of the right size and type
Metallic Minerals:Metallic Minerals:
Fossil Fuels:Fossil Fuels:
Industrial Minerals:Industrial Minerals:
•GoldGold, , SilverSilver, , CopperCopper, Platinum, , Platinum, IronIron
•Coal, Natural Gas, OilCoal, Natural Gas, Oil
•Diamonds, Salt, SandDiamonds, Salt, Sand
Cod
Haddock
Tuna
The fish caught by Canadian fishers can be classified into 3 types.
1) Groundfish: feed on the bottom. Cod, Haddock, Halibut
2) Pelagic: feed near surface in open water. Salmon, Tuna, Mackerel
3) Shellfish: Shrimp, Lobster, Scallops
3 Types of fish caught in Canada:
What Makes It So Good?
There are shallow areas called continental shelves and even shallower areas called fishing banks
It’s so shallow (<200m) that sunlight can penetrate to the bottom, causing a lot of plankton to grow, which fish feed on
Also, this area is where the Labrador Current and Gulf Stream meet, which causes a lot of nutrients to be stirred up
EAST COAST FISHING: