Canada's Natural Resources!

Q: Which ones are natural resources in Canada?

Maple Syrup

Snow

Forests

Fish

Justin BieberOil

Hockey players

Write down plus anything in a

Also write down the titles of each natural resource when you see them

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(except maps and diagrams)

2 types of natural resources:

1. Renewable: a resource that replaces itself.

Ex. Trees, fish

2. Non-Renewable: a resource that DOES NOT replace itself. It can only be used once.

Ex. Oil, iron ore

Natural Resource:

A natural material that is useful and valuable to humans.

•Precipitation soaks into the ground. This is called groundwater.

•Groundwater is used by plants, farmers, and wells for drinking water

•The water table is the level of groundwater in the earth

•Wetlands are areas that are saturated with water (e.g. marshes, swamps). They cover 14% of Canada’s area

•The rest is fossil water that is in lakes, underground aquifers, and glaciers

•More than half of this water drains into the Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay…

•We have 20% of the world’s fresh water

•BUT, only 7% of the world’s renewable fresh water

•So it is unavailable to the 85% of people who live in southern Canada

•So our water supply is actually very

stressed!

There are 5 drainage basins of Canada…

Washing machine 230 l/use

Bath 130 l/use

Shower 25 l/minute

Dishwasher 65 l/use

Toilet flush 20 l/use

Running faucet 12 l/minute

•An average Canadian uses 330 l/day

•Canadians are the second-largest water users in the world!

Water Water PollutionPollution

Can come Can come from:from:

•PesticidesPesticides

•ChemicalsChemicals

•SewageSewage

•FertilizersFertilizers

•ManureManure

•GarbageGarbage

Did you know...?Did you know...?Canada’s largest oil refinery is in Canada’s largest oil refinery is in Saint John, New Brunswick. The Saint John, New Brunswick. The Irving Oil refineryIrving Oil refinery accounts for accounts for more than 40% of Canada’s total more than 40% of Canada’s total petroleum exports.petroleum exports.

CountryCountry BarrelsBarrels

• Venezuela (OPEC) 297,570,000,000

• Saudi Arabia (OPEC)264,600,000,000

• Canada 255,200,000,000

• Iran (OPEC)150,600,000,000

• Iraq (OPEC)143,500,000,000

• Kuwait (OPEC) 104,000,000,000

• United Arab Emirates (OPEC) 97,800,000,000

• Russia 74,200,000,000

• Libya (OPEC) 47,000,000,000

• Nigeria (OPEC) 37,200,000,000

Oil is measured in barrels:

1 barrel = 42 US gallons or about 159 L

How Much Oil Does Canada Have?How Much Oil Does Canada Have?

Oil ConsumptionOil Consumption

•Oil comes from petroleum

•Petroleum is formed by decayed plants and animals over millions of years.

•The weight of the layers above compresses the lower layers into _________________ rock

•Eventually they get converted into oil and natural gas

Where is the Oil in Canada?Where is the Oil in Canada?

Where is there sedimentary rock?

Southern Interior Southern Interior PlainsPlains Athabasca Oil

Sands

Also on the ocean floor, off the coast of NFLD

Hibernia

•Only about 7% of Canada’s land is used for farming; (3 times bigger than Great Britain)

•It is worth more than $11 billion a year

•In the 1880s, 80% of Canadians were farmers; today only 3%

•Mechanization has brought many changes

4 Main Types of 4 Main Types of Farming…Farming…

WheatWheat

Dairy & LivestockDairy & Livestock

Fruits & VegetablesFruits & Vegetables

Beef Cattle & GrainBeef Cattle & Grain

IntensiveIntensive ExtensiveExtensiveSmall farms

Lots of labour and money needed

Ontario, Quebec

Fruits, vegetables, dairy, poultry, hogs (perishable products)

Large farms

Lots of machinery, few workers

Prairies

Cattle, ranching

Less perishable products

Mechanization on the farm: 

· The increase in new technologies and equipment in farming is called “mechanization.”

Soil is damaged by Erosion, Contamination, & Overuse

Today, there are more than twice as many tractors and combines as agricultural workers.

·Use of machines has resulted in loss of jobs

·But, farms are more profitable now

Canada has 10% of the world’s forests!

How Much is Harvested?

•less that 1 percent per year (slightly larger than PEI)

What is a…

A tree with cones and needle leaves (evergreen); softwood

A tree that sheds its leaves every autumn (broad-leaved); hardwood

2) Coniferous tree?

1) Deciduous tree?

Found in every region EXCEPT…

Innuition Mountains

Arctic Lowlands

Southern Interior Plains

TechniquesTechniquesCutCut tingtingClear-Cutting Shelterwood

CuttingSelective Cutting

•Every tree is cut down

•Cheap and fast

•Clear-cutting only part of the forest (the old growth part)

•Cutting only mature trees of the right size and type

Do You Know Where This Is?Do You Know Where This Is?

“The Big Nickel” in Sudbury

Metallic Minerals:Metallic Minerals:

Fossil Fuels:Fossil Fuels:

Industrial Minerals:Industrial Minerals:

•GoldGold, , SilverSilver, , CopperCopper, Platinum, , Platinum, IronIron

•Coal, Natural Gas, OilCoal, Natural Gas, Oil

•Diamonds, Salt, SandDiamonds, Salt, Sand

Diavik Diamond Mine, NWT

Quarry on Escarpment

Runoff

Bagger 288, Germany

Gold

Nickel

Diamonds

Coal

Cod

Haddock

Tuna

The fish caught by Canadian fishers can be classified into 3 types.

1) Groundfish: feed on the bottom. Cod, Haddock, Halibut

2) Pelagic: feed near surface in open water. Salmon, Tuna, Mackerel

3) Shellfish: Shrimp, Lobster, Scallops

3 Types of fish caught in Canada:

What Makes It So Good?

There are shallow areas called continental shelves and even shallower areas called fishing banks

It’s so shallow (<200m) that sunlight can penetrate to the bottom, causing a lot of plankton to grow, which fish feed on

Also, this area is where the Labrador Current and Gulf Stream meet, which causes a lot of nutrients to be stirred up

EAST COAST FISHING:

http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/stat/2012/important-2012-eng.pdf

A method of managing economic growth A method of managing economic growth that also protects the environment and that also protects the environment and

natural resources.natural resources.

Sustainable Sustainable Development:Development: