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Welcome to the International Right of Way
Association’s
Course 901Engineering Plan
Development and Application
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Introductions
Who you are. . .
What you do . . .
Where you work . . .
How long . . .
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Objectives• Identify and Use Plan Information
• Understand Engineering Terms
• Use Engineering Tools
• Explain Plans
• Apply Principles to Your Work
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Schedule• Follow Participant’s Manual
8:00 – 8:30 Introductions, etc.8:30 – 2:45 Use of Engineering Plans
and Plan Development
2:45 – 3:45 Other Plans and Maps3:45 – 4:15 Summary and Review4:15 – 5:00 Exam
Engineering Plans
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• Graphic Language
➢ Lines
➢ Graphs
➢ Charts
➢ Symbols
Right of Way Plans used by:
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• Appraiser
• Negotiator
• Attorney
• Engineer/Surveyor
Value Property
Explain detailsAcquire Property
Present in CourtLegal Documents
Design & Construct
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Three View ConceptTop View
Side View
End View
Plan View
Profile View
Cross Section
Length and Width
Height and Length
Width and Height
Gives 3 Dimensional Picture Of Project
Each View is Perpendicular to Others
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Plan View (Top View)
• Existing Features - Dashed Line• Proposed Construction - Solid Line
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• Property Information
• Drawn to Scale
Plan View (Top View)
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Engineers Scale
Inches divided into multiples of 10 per inch
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Architects Scale
Divides feet into inches and fractions
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Three Norths - Geographic True North
- Datum North- Magnetic North
North Arrow - Orientation of Plan
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• Centerline - Control Line
➢ Horizontal Direction of Project
➢ Deflection Angle Changes - Delta ()
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Compass Bearings
• Four Cardinal (Main) Directions
➢ “N” , “E”, “S”, & “W”
• Quadrants (90°)
➢ “NE” , “SE”, “SW”, & “NW”
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Compass Bearings Shows Direction of Centerline or Property line
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Stations• Marked in 100’, 100 m or 1000 m Intervals
• Intermediate Points Called “+” (Plus)
• Directions: “BK”, “AH”, “LT”, “RT”
• Always Numbered Positive
• Used for Reference and Location
POB, Sta 20+00 Scale: 1” = 500’
N23
°-15
’E
1962
’N81°-45’E2126’
PISta 39+62
Sta 60+88
20+00=2000
3962+2126
3962
+1962
60+88
81°-45’ -23°-15’
6088
= 58°-30’, Rt
58° -30’
= 58°-30’
39+62
N
Exercise #1 - Utility Centerline
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Station Equations/Equalities
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• Used When Stations Not Continuous
• Point has Two or More Station Numbers
Calculating Correct Distance Between Stations
➢ Add Individual Segment Lengths
➢ One Back and One Ahead
Station Equations
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CL
R/W
R/W
NEW HIGHWAY
Highway & Railway Curves
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T - Tangent - Straight Section of Centerline
PI - Point of Intersection
- Delta Angle - Deflection Angle
T
T
PI
Simple Curve
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PC - Point of Curvature
PT - Point of Tangency
L - Length of Curve
R - RadiusR
PTPCPI
POC - Point on Curve
POT - Point on Tangent
POCPOT
L
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Two Curves, Adjacent, Opposite Directions
PRC - Point of Reverse Curvature
Has 2 PIs
Reverse Curve
PRC
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Two Curves, Adjacent, Same Direction
PCC - Point of Compound Curvature
Different Radii
Compound Curve
PCC
Spiral Curve
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Spiral on Each End of a Simple Curve
TS - Tangent to Spiral SC - Spiral to Curve
CS - Curve to Spiral ST - Spiral to Tangent
Constantly Changing Radius
Degree of Curvature
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• Measured 100’ Along Centerline• Angle at center of arc
100’
D
Degree of Curvature-D
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➢ Small D - Large Radius
• Examples:
➢ Large D - Small Radius
➢ 10° Curve Radius = 572.96’
• Indicates Flatness/Sharpness of Curve
➢ 1° Curve Radius = 5,729.58’
Exercise #2 – Highway Centerline
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PI: 3962-T = - 802PC = 3160
PC: 3160+ L = +1463
PT: 4623
Sta 31+60
Sta 46+23
PI: 3962+ T = +802PT = 4764Sta 47+64
(1463’)
46+23
Offsets
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• Perpendicular Distance Right or Left of Centerline
➢ Locate any Point off Centerline
➢ Use Radial Line on Curve
14+00 21+00
65’ Lt, Sta 14+50
90’ Rt, Sta 21+00LENGTH =
(155
’)
(650’)
6502 + 1552 = 668.2’
PL
Contours
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•Lines of Equal Elevation
•Shows Shape and Slope of Land
•Interval - Elevation Difference•Between Contour Lines
Contours
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➢ Close Lines = Steep Slope
• Contours Point Upstream
• Relative Spacing of Lines Indicates Slope
Contours
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1. Map Scale? 1” =
2. Contour Interval:
3. Sidewalk Width:
4. Elevation Difference:
5. Ball Rolls:
6. In Flood Plain:
7. Elevation:
8.Equation: Saratoga = Bridge St
9. Saratoga St. R/W:
10: Bridge St. R/W:
Exercise #3 - Contours
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50’
1’
8’
1.2’
South
238 & 240
9+9 5
60’
60’
863
0+00
State Plane Coordinate System
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• Survey Control - Latitude & Longitude Converted to Coordinates
• Establishes Precise Location
• Four Datums:
• Zones - Depends on Size & Shape of State
➢ Two Horizontal – NAD 27 & NAD 83
➢ Two Vertical – NGVD 29 & NAVD 88
State Plane Coordinate System
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• Point Identified by Two Coordinates
• Vertical Control Surveys Establish Elevations
• Advantages:
“➢ X” is “Easting”
“➢ Y” is “Northing”
➢ Excellent Control over Large Areas
➢ Accurate Locations
Exercise #4 – State Plane Coords
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1. PI Curve GV-2: a. Station __________ Offset _______ b. N ____________ E ___________
2. Drill Hole B1: a. Station __________ Offset _______ b. N ____________ E ___________
3. Telephone Pole “TEL-25”: a. Station __________ Offset _______ b. N ____________ E ___________
21+89.46 7’ Lt10,152.824 5,473.141
21+53
24+53 5’ Lt10,210 5,733
44’ Lt10,177 5,428
Exercise #4 – State Plane Coords
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4. PL Intersection with R/W line: a. Station __________ Offset _______ b. N ____________ E ___________
21+53
5. BM “A-267”: a. Station __________ Offset _______ b. N ____________ E ___________
10,089 5,453
24+86 28’ Lt10,240 5,761
47’ Rt
Profile View
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• Side View – (Length & Height)
• Stations & Elevations on Centerline Only
➢ Existing – Dashed Line ➢ Proposed – Solid Line
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Profile View
• Horizontal Scale same as Plan View• Vertical Scale exaggerated for Clarity• Datum - Reference Elevation• Bench Marks - Known Location & Elevation
Profile View - Pipeline
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Profile View - Overhead Line
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Profile View - Highway
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Profile Grade Line/Point
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• Profile Grade Line - Stations & Final Elevations on Centerline
• Profile Grade Point - Centerline Elevation at Specific Station
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Profile Grade Line
• Percent Grade - Rise (+) or Fall (-) ➢ % = 100 V/H
V = Change in Elevation
H = Horizontal Distance in Feet
Vertical Highway Curve
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• Parabolic Curves ➢ Sag or Crest
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Vertical Highway Curve
• PVT - Point of Vertical Tangent• Length = PVT - PVC
• PVI - Point of Vertical Intersection• PVC - Point of Vertical Curve
Highway Plan – Profile Sheet
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➢ Provides Two Dimensional View
Exercise #5 – Vertical Curves
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1. Percent Grade:
2. 600’ Curve: PVC: ______ PVT: _______
3. 400’ Curve: PVC: ______ PVT: ______
4. Cut or Fill @: 11+00: _____ 25+00:______
5. Datum:_________________
100(19.5)/(650)=
18+50
24+00
12’ F 4’ C
Mean Sea Level
- 3.0%
20+00
12+50
Utility Typical Cross-Section
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Overhead Line (H frame)Typical Section
Highway Typical Cross-Section
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Highway Cross-Section
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• Perpendicular to Centerline
• Shows Construction Details
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Highway Cross-Section
• In Ahead Direction
• Existing and Proposed Elevations at Specific Station
• Right (RT) and Left (LT) of Centerline
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Highway Cross-Section
• Shows Cut and/or Fill
• Profile Grade Point from Profile
• Construction Limits
• Slope Ratio
Superelevation
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• Counters Centrifugal Force
• Sloping Pavement Surface
Exercise #6 – Highway Cross-Section
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1. Station 2. P G P Elevation 3. Pavement Width 4. Shoulder Width
29+50827.524’
8’ Lt, 10’ Rt
Exercise #6 – Highway Cross-Section
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5. Fill on Centerline 7.5’
6. Side Slope Ratio
7. Construction Limit
8. Min Cover
3:1 Lt, 2:1 Rt
33’ Lt, 32’ Rt
3’ Lt, 3.5’ Rt
9. Ditch Elevation 822.5 Lt, 822 Rt
Highway Cross-Sections
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Several Sections per Sheet
Read from Bottom to Top of Sheet
Shows Excavation (Cut)
or Embankment (Fill)
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Right of Way Plans
Right of Way Plans
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• Multipurpose Land Map
• Property Boundaries, Areas and Rights Existing and to be Acquired
• Establish R/W Limits and Points of Ingress and Egress
• Map of Record
Right of Way Plans
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• Ownership Index Contains: ➢ Parcel Numbers & Names ➢ Areas of Acquisition and Remainders
➢ Deed Data
• Topography - Ground Features & Improvements
• Political Boundaries
• Survey Data & Centerline with Stations
Exercise #7 – Right of Way Plans
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1. Scale of Drawing: 1” =
2. New Bridge Length:
3. Affected Property Owners:
4. a. Ellis
b. Wendell
c. Lowe
d. Lowe
20’
102.60’
6
73 Temp. Construction Easement
67 Right of Way
68 Right of Way 68 Permanent Drainage Easement
Exercise #7 – Right of Way Plans
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5. Culvert Through:
6. Distance to Basic Creek:
7. P. D. E. Area:
8. Garage to New Pavement:
9. Driveway Width:
10. Distance Between Poles:
Lowe
74’
1830 SF
101’
20’
215’
Exercise #7 – Right of Way Plans
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11. Sta. Rte 81 = Sta. Basic Creek
12. What Happens to “A 267”:
13. Basic Creek Separates:
25+23.35
Removed
Lowe & WilliamsWurtz & Criss
17+06.10
Aerial Photogrammetry
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Aerial Photogrammetry
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• Measurement by Photographs
• Combine With Ground Control Points
• Drawings Can be Prepared to Desired Scale
• Easier to Understand Than Regular Plans
Aerial Photogrammetry
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• Photos Used by:
➢ Surveyors - Property Lines, Size & Shape of Parcel
➢ Appraisers - Land Use & Indicates Access
➢ Negotiators - Explain to Owner
➢ Attorney - Present Details in Court
Aerial Photogrammetry
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• Photos Used for:
➢ Route & Site Location
➢ Public Hearings
➢ Property Inventory
➢ Tax Maps & Land Use
➢ Mining & Forestry
➢ Military
Types of Aerial Photographs
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• Vertical (perpendicular to the earth’s surface)
• Oblique (at an angle to the earth’s surface)
• Ground (taken at ground level)
• High Altitude (by aircraft or satellite)
Aerial Photogrammetry
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• Government:
➢ US Geological Survey
➢ www.usgs.gov
• Private Contracts
Summary:Engineering Plan Development
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• Three View Concept
• State Plane Coordinates
• Right of Way Plans
➢ Plan, Profile, Cross-Section
• Aerial Photography
Review Objectives
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• Read and interpret engineering plansand nomenclature (terms)
• Use tools to plot information to scale
• Be able to explain plans
• Apply principles of interpreting engineeringdrawings to work activities
Finally, The End!Woo-Hoo!
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