Body SystemsBody Systems
Enduring UnderstandingsEnduring Understandings
The body is an exquisite, intricate, The body is an exquisite, intricate, interconnected mechanisminterconnected mechanism
Knowing how your body works Knowing how your body works allows you to make appropriate allows you to make appropriate choices and better care for it.choices and better care for it.
Learning TargetsLearning Targets
Essential QuestionsEssential QuestionsWhat are the systems of the body? What are the systems of the body? What makes up each system? How do What makes up each system? How do they work? they work?
How does each system affect other How does each system affect other systems – how do they interact?systems – how do they interact?
What choices can you make to help What choices can you make to help support each body system?support each body system?
The Digestive SystemThe Digestive System
Functions:
breaks down food so it can provide the minerals, vitamins, proteins, and other substances that produce energy, build and repair tissues, and keep the body functioning
The liver transforms toxins into harmless substances that can be excreted.
Diseases include:
•Ulcers – of any part•Cancer – of any part•Appendicitis•Gallstones•Pancreatitis•Ulcerative Colitis/ Chron’s Disease•Eating Disorders
Structures of the Digestive SystemEsophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small & large intestine (colon)
The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal SystemStructuresligaments, joints, bones.
Types of bonesflat, irregular, long, short
Flexible JointsHingeBall and SocketPivotGliding (Ellipsoidal)
Functions•shapes and provides support for your body•protects many vital organs
Injuries and Diseases can
include:
•Osteoporosis•Fractures•Scoliosis•Bursitis•Bunion•Arthritis•Torn Cartilage•Spina Bifida
The Muscular SystemThe Muscular SystemStructures: tendons and muscles
Types of muscles: smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
Tendons: connect muscles to bones
Voluntary vs. Involuntary Muscles
Voluntary: what you can controlflexion & extension
Involuntary: breathing, digestion
If you did not have this system, you would not be able to move or breathe,
because your muscles perform these functions.
Diseases and Injuries:
•Fibromyalgia
•Muscular Dystrophy
•Hernia
•Tendonitis
•Strain or Sprain (RICE)
Integumentary SystemIntegumentary SystemThe Largest Organ in the
Body because it
includes the Skin
plus all of the Mucous
Membranes
Diseases and Injuries include:
•Skin Cancer•Eczema
•Acne
Layers of the Skin (the STRUCTURES)
Epidermis: the top or outside layer, including the nails
Dermis: contains main functions of the skin, including:
hair follicles, sweat and oil glands
Hypodermis: mainly fat
MAIN FUNCTIONS – what does it do?
•waterproofs your body•keeps bacteria and viruses out
• regulates heat
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
Functions: The urinary system cleanses the body by removing waste and toxic substances produced by the body.
How does it work? The kidneys filter the blood to create urine.
The urine travels through the ureters to the bladder, where it is held until it is emptied through the
urethra.
Injuries and Diseases include:
•Kidney Stones•Cystitis, Urethritis, Nephritis•Bladder Infections•Kidney Failure – acute or chronic
Main Structures
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra, Sphincter Muscle.
The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System
Function: Brings oxygen into your body and gets rid of toxins, including carbon dioxide. This system is vital because your muscles, including your heart which
supplies oxygen to the body, need oxygen to work.
Injuries and Diseases include:
•Asthma•Bronchitis•Emphysema•Lung Cancer•Lung Punctures•Pneumonia•Tuberculosis
Main Structures of the Respiratory SystemSinuses, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi, Alveoli, Diaphragm
Cardio-Vascular SystemCardio-Vascular SystemStructures:Structures:
HeartHeart
Blood VesselsBlood Vessels
ArteriesArteries
CapillariesCapillaries
VeinsVeins
Functions: transports nutrients to entire body and picks up Functions: transports nutrients to entire body and picks up waste.waste.
Injuries/Diseases include:Injuries/Diseases include:
StrokeStroke
EmbolismEmbolism
Cardio-vascular DiseaseCardio-vascular Disease
Blood ClotsBlood Clots
Varicose VeinsVaricose Veins
The Immune SystemThe Immune System
Structures
Bone marrow: Makes white blood cells (leucocytes). Spleen: Forms lymphocytes and destroys your worn out red blood cells. Lymph nodes: Filters filled with lymphocytes that destroy bacteria and viruses. Thymus: Makes T cells, a type of lymphocyte. Antibodies: Proteins used to attack antigensAntigens: Substances that stimulate a response from the immune system. B Cells & T Cells Specialized cells that fight pathogens
Diseases include:•AIDS Arthritis•Lymphoma osteo: cartilage breaks down•Leukemia rheumatoid: inflammation •Allergies Diabetes
Function: Defend your body against foreign materials, mainly bacteria and viruses.
The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System
Structures: brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Parts of the nerve cell:
Dendrites, Cell Body, Axon, Myelin Sheath, Axon Terminal, Synapse (Neurotransmitters – the chemical messengers)
Functions:
The brain is the center of the nervous system, receiving, sending and interpreting signals.
The spinal cord is like a highway, connecting the brain to nerves in all parts of your body.
Your nerves are the messengers which the brain uses to communicate and send messages.
WHAT WOULD LIFE BE LIKE WITHOUT YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM???
Injuries and Diseases include:
•Epilepsy Cerebral Palsy•Concussions Alzheimer’s Disease•Meningitis Parkinson’s Disease•Spinal Cord Injuries Multiple Sclerosis
•Care: ???
Presentation SchedulePresentation ScheduleDay 1Day 1
1) 1) Skeletal Skeletal 2)2) Muscular Muscular 3) 3) IntegumentaryIntegumentary
Day 2Day 21) 1) UrinaryUrinary2)2) RespiratoryRespiratory3) 3) Cardio-Vascular (Circulatory)Cardio-Vascular (Circulatory)
Day 3Day 31)1) Nervous systemNervous system2)2) Immune systemImmune system
Body Systems Test ReviewBody Systems Test ReviewSystems ReviewSystems Review– Fill in any missing information for each system Fill in any missing information for each system
in your journal or on note-taking sheet.in your journal or on note-taking sheet.
Structures – what makes up the systemStructures – what makes up the system
Functions – what it doesFunctions – what it does
Care – what is the best care for this system?Care – what is the best care for this system?
Problems/ Diseases of systemProblems/ Diseases of system
Interactions with other systemsInteractions with other systems
AssignmentsAssignments
HW: Body System Interactive HW: Body System Interactive
Journal Check #2 – Body Systems NotesJournal Check #2 – Body Systems Notes
Presentations – Individual & Group gradePresentations – Individual & Group grade
Reflections on Goal #1: IntellectualReflections on Goal #1: Intellectual
Set Goal #2: Social areaSet Goal #2: Social area
Body System Test Body System Test *T/F: if F, then correct for extra points*T/F: if F, then correct for extra points
Decision MakingDecision Making
Organ TransplantsOrgan Transplants
What is your Body worth?What is your Body worth?
Decision-Making process – ‘Kidney Machine’Decision-Making process – ‘Kidney Machine’
John Q segment – Who makes the decisions John Q segment – Who makes the decisions about organ transplants? And how? about organ transplants? And how?