Body Systems Enduring Understandings The body is an exquisite, intricate, interconnected mechanism Knowing how your body works allows you to make appropriate.

Body SystemsBody Systems

Enduring UnderstandingsEnduring Understandings

The body is an exquisite, intricate, The body is an exquisite, intricate, interconnected mechanisminterconnected mechanism

Knowing how your body works Knowing how your body works allows you to make appropriate allows you to make appropriate choices and better care for it.choices and better care for it.

Learning TargetsLearning Targets

Essential QuestionsEssential QuestionsWhat are the systems of the body? What are the systems of the body? What makes up each system? How do What makes up each system? How do they work? they work?

How does each system affect other How does each system affect other systems – how do they interact?systems – how do they interact?

What choices can you make to help What choices can you make to help support each body system?support each body system?

The Digestive SystemThe Digestive System

Functions:

breaks down food so it can provide the minerals, vitamins, proteins, and other substances that produce energy, build and repair tissues, and keep the body functioning

The liver transforms toxins into harmless substances that can be excreted.

Diseases include:

•Ulcers – of any part•Cancer – of any part•Appendicitis•Gallstones•Pancreatitis•Ulcerative Colitis/ Chron’s Disease•Eating Disorders

Structures of the Digestive SystemEsophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small & large intestine (colon)

The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal SystemStructuresligaments, joints, bones.

Types of bonesflat, irregular, long, short

Flexible JointsHingeBall and SocketPivotGliding (Ellipsoidal)

Functions•shapes and provides support for your body•protects many vital organs

Injuries and Diseases can

include:

•Osteoporosis•Fractures•Scoliosis•Bursitis•Bunion•Arthritis•Torn Cartilage•Spina Bifida

The Muscular SystemThe Muscular SystemStructures: tendons and muscles

Types of muscles: smooth, skeletal, and cardiac

Tendons: connect muscles to bones

Voluntary vs. Involuntary Muscles

Voluntary: what you can controlflexion & extension

Involuntary: breathing, digestion

If you did not have this system, you would not be able to move or breathe,

because your muscles perform these functions.

Diseases and Injuries:

•Fibromyalgia

•Muscular Dystrophy

•Hernia

•Tendonitis

•Strain or Sprain (RICE)

Integumentary SystemIntegumentary SystemThe Largest Organ in the

Body because it

includes the Skin

plus all of the Mucous

Membranes

Diseases and Injuries include:

•Skin Cancer•Eczema

•Acne

Layers of the Skin (the STRUCTURES)

Epidermis: the top or outside layer, including the nails

Dermis: contains main functions of the skin, including:

hair follicles, sweat and oil glands

Hypodermis: mainly fat

MAIN FUNCTIONS – what does it do?

•waterproofs your body•keeps bacteria and viruses out

• regulates heat

The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System

Functions: The urinary system cleanses the body by removing waste and toxic substances produced by the body.

How does it work? The kidneys filter the blood to create urine.

The urine travels through the ureters to the bladder, where it is held until it is emptied through the

urethra.

Injuries and Diseases include:

•Kidney Stones•Cystitis, Urethritis, Nephritis•Bladder Infections•Kidney Failure – acute or chronic

Main Structures

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra, Sphincter Muscle.

The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

Function: Brings oxygen into your body and gets rid of toxins, including carbon dioxide. This system is vital because your muscles, including your heart which

supplies oxygen to the body, need oxygen to work.

Injuries and Diseases include:

•Asthma•Bronchitis•Emphysema•Lung Cancer•Lung Punctures•Pneumonia•Tuberculosis

Main Structures of the Respiratory SystemSinuses, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi, Alveoli, Diaphragm

Cardio-Vascular SystemCardio-Vascular SystemStructures:Structures:

HeartHeart

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

ArteriesArteries

CapillariesCapillaries

VeinsVeins

Functions: transports nutrients to entire body and picks up Functions: transports nutrients to entire body and picks up waste.waste.

Injuries/Diseases include:Injuries/Diseases include:

StrokeStroke

EmbolismEmbolism

Cardio-vascular DiseaseCardio-vascular Disease

Blood ClotsBlood Clots

Varicose VeinsVaricose Veins

The Immune SystemThe Immune System

Structures

Bone marrow: Makes white blood cells (leucocytes). Spleen: Forms lymphocytes and destroys your worn out red blood cells. Lymph nodes: Filters filled with lymphocytes that destroy bacteria and viruses. Thymus: Makes T cells, a type of lymphocyte. Antibodies: Proteins used to attack antigensAntigens: Substances that stimulate a response from the immune system. B Cells & T Cells Specialized cells that fight pathogens

Diseases include:•AIDS Arthritis•Lymphoma osteo: cartilage breaks down•Leukemia rheumatoid: inflammation •Allergies Diabetes

Function: Defend your body against foreign materials, mainly bacteria and viruses.

The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System

Structures: brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Parts of the nerve cell:

Dendrites, Cell Body, Axon, Myelin Sheath, Axon Terminal, Synapse (Neurotransmitters – the chemical messengers)

Functions:

The brain is the center of the nervous system, receiving, sending and interpreting signals.

The spinal cord is like a highway, connecting the brain to nerves in all parts of your body.

Your nerves are the messengers which the brain uses to communicate and send messages.

WHAT WOULD LIFE BE LIKE WITHOUT YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM???

Injuries and Diseases include:

•Epilepsy Cerebral Palsy•Concussions Alzheimer’s Disease•Meningitis Parkinson’s Disease•Spinal Cord Injuries Multiple Sclerosis

•Care: ???

Presentation SchedulePresentation ScheduleDay 1Day 1

1) 1) Skeletal Skeletal 2)2) Muscular Muscular 3) 3) IntegumentaryIntegumentary

Day 2Day 21) 1) UrinaryUrinary2)2) RespiratoryRespiratory3) 3) Cardio-Vascular (Circulatory)Cardio-Vascular (Circulatory)

Day 3Day 31)1) Nervous systemNervous system2)2) Immune systemImmune system

Body Systems Test ReviewBody Systems Test ReviewSystems ReviewSystems Review– Fill in any missing information for each system Fill in any missing information for each system

in your journal or on note-taking sheet.in your journal or on note-taking sheet.

Structures – what makes up the systemStructures – what makes up the system

Functions – what it doesFunctions – what it does

Care – what is the best care for this system?Care – what is the best care for this system?

Problems/ Diseases of systemProblems/ Diseases of system

Interactions with other systemsInteractions with other systems

AssignmentsAssignments

HW: Body System Interactive HW: Body System Interactive

Journal Check #2 – Body Systems NotesJournal Check #2 – Body Systems Notes

Presentations – Individual & Group gradePresentations – Individual & Group grade

Reflections on Goal #1: IntellectualReflections on Goal #1: Intellectual

Set Goal #2: Social areaSet Goal #2: Social area

Body System Test Body System Test *T/F: if F, then correct for extra points*T/F: if F, then correct for extra points

Decision MakingDecision Making

Organ TransplantsOrgan Transplants

What is your Body worth?What is your Body worth?

Decision-Making process – ‘Kidney Machine’Decision-Making process – ‘Kidney Machine’

John Q segment – Who makes the decisions John Q segment – Who makes the decisions about organ transplants? And how? about organ transplants? And how?