BIO DIVERSITY❑DEFINITION❑GENETIC BIODIVERSITY ❑SPECIES BIODIVERSITY❑ECOSYSTEM BIODIVERSITY❑ BIOGEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF INDIA ❑ VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY AT GLOBAL❑ THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY ENDANGERED AND ENDEMIC SPECIES OF INDIA ❑ CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
BY AKSHAYA SAI.VCSE-A
DEFINITION:
◼ BIO DIVERSITY REFERS TO THE TOTALITY OF SPECIES POPULATION,COMMUNITIES,ECOSYSTEM,BOTH WILD AND DOMESTIC THAT CONSTITUTE LIFE.
◼BIO=LIFE◼DIVERSITY=VARIETY OR VARIABILITY
CLASSIFICATION :
◼ BIODIVERSITY MAINLY DEPENDS ON THREE CATEGORIES:
◼ GENETIC DIVERSITY
◼ SPECIES DIVERSITY
◼ ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
GENETIC DIVERSITY:
◼ VARIATION OF GENES WITHIN SPECIES◼ Eg VARIATION IN EYE COLOUR, SKIN COLOUR,
HAIR, HEIGHT, WEIGHT etc
SPECIES DIVERSITY:
◼ VARIOUS RANGE OF SPECIES THAT EXIST ON EARTH
◼ Eg BACTERIA, ALGAE, PROTOZOA etc
ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY:
◼DEFINITION:◼ DIFFERENCE IN
ECOSYSTEM◼ DIFFERENCE IN
HABITAT◼ DIVERSITY IN
FOOD CHAIN◼ DIVERSITY IN
PHYSICAL NATURE
◼CLASSIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEM:
◼ FOREST◼ GRASSLAND◼ DESERT◼ AQUATIC◼ POLAR
FOREST ECOSYSTEM
GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM:
DESERT ECOSYSTEM:
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM:
POLAR ECOSYSTEM:
BIO GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF INDIA:
◼Trans-Himalayas◼Himalayas◼ Indian desert◼Semi-Arid ◼Western Ghats◼Deccan
Peninsula◼Gangetic Plain◼Coast◼ Islands
VALUE OF BIO DIVERSITY:
◼ CONSUMPTIVE USE:◼ Use of animals ,plants ,for the purpose of
food◼ ANIMALS:◼ Animals mainly used for consumption are:
◼ FISH:◼ It has become a
new kind of domesticated animal
◼ PLANTS:◼ Out of 150 species
of edible plants only 15 are most commonly cultivated
PRODUCTIVE USE:
PESTICIDE:The calabar beans are used as pesticide to kill insects
MATERIAL:PyrethrumUsed in mosquito coils and lice killing shampoo
MEDICINE:Neem used in anti bacterial and anti fungal creams, soaps ,shampoo etc.
ENDEMIC SPECIES:
◼ UNIQUE SPECIES PRESENT IN SPECIFIC REGION
NILGIRI LEAF MONKEY NILIGIRI TAHR
FOREST OWLET
BROAD TAIL GRASSBIRD BROWN PALM CIVET
THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY:
◼Various threats to biodiversity are:◼ Habitat Degradation-Destroying natural habit
,deforestation destroys the ecosystem ◼Invasion of non-native species-The
extinction of endemic species by other non native species◼Pollution-Pollution makes the habitat unfit for
living◼Over-exploitation of resource-Over
harvesting , fishing, hunting , logging leads to endangered species◼Global environmental change-Change in
weather, Global warming ,floods, drought, ice storms
ENDANGERED SPECIES:
◼ GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES FOR EXTINCTION
SLENDER LORIS RED PANDA
BENGAL TIGER
LION TAILED MACAQUE BLACK BUCK
EXTINCT SPECIES:
◼ The species whose existence is wiped out of the earth
KENYA ORBI DODO BIRD
MAMMOTH
BARBARY LION GREAT AUK
CONSERVATION OF BIO DIVERSITY:
◼ PROJECT TIGER:◼ ANIMAL RESERVES TO MAINTAIN NATURAL
ECOSYSTEM◼ INCREASE THE COUNT OF TIGER◼ ENFORCING ANTI POACHING MEASURES◼ PROJECT ELEPHANT:◼ PROTECTED AREA FOR FREE MOVEMENT OF
HERDS◼ ESTABLISHING BREEDING CENTRES◼ REPOSITORIES TO CONSERVE THE
PRODUCERS◼ MAINTAING THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF
FLORA AND FAUNA◼ AWARENESS OF FOOD CHAIN
