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Activity 3:PROTISTA
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K. ProtistaGeneral Characteristics:
Eukaryotic
With true nucleus (enclosed in a nuclear
membrane)
Genetic material: DNA+proteins
CHROMOSOMES
Membrane bound organelles (more complex
in structure and function, specialization of
cell processes)
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Diverse considered as the
Waste bin
Plant-like
Animal-like
Fungal-like
K. Protista
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Mode of nutrition
Photoautotroph
Heterotroph
Myxotroph (decomposers)
Form: unicellular or multicellular
Solitary, filamentous, colonial
K. Protista
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Mode of Reproduction
Asexual: binary fission
Sexual: conjugation
Motility:
non motile (sessile)
motile (flagella, cilia,pseudopods)
K. Protista
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Life cycle
haplonticdiplontic
diplohaplontic
K. Protista
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Plant-like
Stramenophiles Oomycetes Watermolds
Bacillariophyta Navicula
Phaeophyta Sargassum
Red algae Rhodophyta Galaxaura
Green algae Chlorophyta Volvox, Spirogyra
Plant-like,Animal-like Euglenophyta Euglena
Animal like
Alveolates Apicomplexans Plasmodium falciparum
Pyrrophyta Pyrodinium
Ciliophora Paramecium
Fungal-like Mycetozoans Physarum
K. Protista
s
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Plant-like Protists
Stramenophiles- with hair-likeprojections on their flagella (tinsel)
Heterokonts- 2 different flagella
OOMYCETES- water molds Fungal-like organisms that thrive in running
water and humid places
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Bacillariophyta (DIATOMS or grass of the
sea)
CW made up of silica and pectin
Frustules- epitheca, hypotheca
Stored food: Chrysolaminarin
Navicula
Plant-like Protists
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Phaeophyta (Brown algae)
CW made up of pectin and alginic acid
Stored food: Laminarin and mannitol Sargassum
Plant-like Protists
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Plant-like protists
Rhodophyta (Red algae)
CW made of agar and carrageenan
Stored food: floridean starch
Pigment: Phycobillin- Phycoerythrin
Galaxaura, Porphyra, Gracillaria
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Plant-like protists
Chlorophyta (green algae)
CW made of cellulose
Stored food: Starch
Pigment: chl a and b
Volvox, Spirogyra
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Plant-like-Animal-like
Euglenophyta: Euglenoids
Euglena
Unicellular, flagellated, autotrophic,
facultative heterotroph
Stored food: paramylon
No cell wall; has pellicle which is a thin
pliable membrane for support andflexibility
Euglenoid movement: metaboly
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Animal-like Protists Alveolates- with the structure: alveoli (small
membrane bound cavities beneath the cellsurface
ApicomplexansDinoflagellates
Ciliates Rhizopods
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Animal-like Protists
Apicomplexans Known as pathogenic to humans
Plasmodium falciparum a parasite living
in the female mosquito (Anopheles), known
to cause malaria
infective stage: sporozoites
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Animal-like Protists
Pryrrophyta : Dinoflagellates Pyrodinium
blooms can cause RED TIDE; someproduce neurotoxins that can cause
paralysis, or worse, death Cellulosic plates (armor)
2 flagella: 1 lies in the longitudinal groove,the other at the transverse groove---
movement is spinning while movingforward
Photosynthetic: with chl a and c orheterotrophic
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Animal-like Protists
Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliates
Paramecium
Bristle-like organelles- CILIA (outgrowths of
the protoplasm, used for locomotion andfeeding)
With 2 types of nucleus: MACRONUCLEUS
(for cell control and asexual reproduction:
binary fission), MICRONUCLEUS (sexualreproduction: conjugation)
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Animal-like Protists Phylum Rhizopoda: Rhizopods: Amoeba
Gray, jell-like, single celled
Parasitic: Entamoeba histolyticaintestinal
walls: cau
ses amoebic dysentery With pseudopods that creep towards food
source
PHAGOCYTOSIS- the pseudopodia will
engulf a particle and package it in a foodvacuole. The food vacuole will fuse with the
lysosome, that will release the digestive
enzymes
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Fungi- like Protists
Division Myxomycota (myxomycete) Known also as the plasmodial slime mold
Physarum
has structural adaptations for decomposition
Plasmodium- (diploid/2n) multinucleatedfeeding stage that move through protoplasmic
streaming
Fruiting body- production of sporangium with
spores (haploid/n) that will germinate to be
either a myxamoebae (n) or swarm cells (n)
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end