Bell Ringer
Grab your text-book Define the word Culture Look at our school as a culture
List traits that are part of our schools culture Food/eating, customs, languages, traditions,
accepted behaviors, fashion, etc.
Identify at least three geographic factors that have contributed to growth of West Point
Island
Chapter 3
Population
And
Culture
Chapter Outline
Wednesday and Thurdsay Section 1
Monday/Tuesday Section 2
Project/Activity Start Chapter 4 Wednesday/Work on Activity Thursday/Friday Section 1 & 2 and Work time
Chapter 3 Activity Project
Project Due the day of the Ch.s 3 &4 Tests 2 Choices
Either grab two sheets of colored paper to create this project
-Or- Create this on a word document later but use scratch paper now
You will then create concept maps that answers the four questions under the reading focus on page 87
Population and Culture
Culture Beliefs and actions that define a group of
people’s way of life. Population Density
Average number of people in a square mile or km
People & Environments
People have always adapted to their surrounding environments
Have allowed people to survive in areas that could have been hostile earlier. Example from colder regions?
Where heavier clothing, store food for winter, etc. Remember the Arizona example from
movement in Ch.1? What made people able to move to Arizona from
1850-1950? Refrigerated cars, and air conditioning
People and Environment
People have also changed the earth’s physical landscape How has the physical landscape around
West Point Changed? Plowing lands, grazing animals, cutting trees,
and damming/changing river patterns.
Population Density
Easiest Way Divide total Population by regions total
land area Problems?
Could be areas that are hostile (hard to live in)
Solutions Geographers then divide population by arable
land, instead of total land Arable land= land that can be farmed
Population Growth
Technology has increased the ability to increase food production, and healthcare
Effects of Population Growth (2 outlooks) Optimistic
As population increases, the level of technology and creativity will increase.
Pessimistic(negative) As population increases so will famine,
disease, and natural resources depletion
Comparing Growth Rates
World Growth Rate is very uneven Birthrate
Number of live berths each year, per 1,000 people
Death rate Number of deaths each year per 1,000
people
Uneven Growth Rate
Different Balances in Birth and death rates
Immigration/Emigration numbers also affect the growth rate of a country
Immigration People moving into a country
Emigration People leaving the country
Growth Rate
Zero population growth BR + Immigration = DR + Emigration Happens in many industrialized nations
Increasing Population Growth BR + Immigration exceeds DR +
Emigration Happens in many developing countries,
because of high BR and lower DR due to technology
Patterns of Settlement
Densest Concentrations of people Lie in East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and eastern
N. America
Metropolitan Areas Central Cities surrounded by suburbs
Rural Countryside
Urbanization Growth of city populations
Cities growing twice as fast as rural
Answer
Questions to captions on pg 88 & 90 Answer in notes
Have Ready to start tomorrow Work on Sect. 1 G.R.R.
Bell Work
Let me see you answers in notes to 88/89 captions Why are the densest concentrations of people in
urban areas? Why is urbanization a problem in many countries? Most Densely populated areas?
N.East U.S., W. Europe, India, East Asia By 2015, how many urban areas will have more
than 14 million inhabitants Fifteen urban areas
Simulation Activity
This activity is done to demonstrate the strains that population growth can cause
Everyone take out a piece of scratch paper and write a random 7 digit phone number on it.
3 Volunteers (rest quiet please) Class Participation Discussion
Nature of Culture
Culture is reflected in 2 ways Objects and Ideas (Material/Non-material)
Material Culture Things made: food, clothing, buildings,
arts, crafts, and technology Non-Material Culture
Religions, language, spiritual beliefs, and behavior patterns.
Class/gender roles, gov’t systems, etc
Nature of Culture
Culture Hearths Places where
important ideas begin and from which they spread to surrounding cultures
Usually refers to ancient times
SW Asia is a cultural hearth for the taming and herding of animals and crop growing
Culture Hearth
What would be the Cultural Hearth of the Olympics and organized athletics?
Greece What would be the
cultural Hearth of Football?
Rugby in UK
Nature of Culture
Language Cornerstone of culture All cultures have language and use it as
tool to pass on knowledge/beliefs to other generations
Reflects a cultures identity Same language can often mean similar
customs. Many societies/cultures speak different
languages
Nature of Culture
Religion Helps people answer basic questions
about meaning/purpose of life Supports values that culture/society deem
important Monotheistic/Polytheistic two types
Nature of Culture
Cultural Landscapes Uniqueness of these that
reflect specific cultures caused by
Cultures use of natural resources
Cultures altering of earths surface
Example: Rural areas in U.S. & China U.S. filled w/ big barns/open
fields China filled w/ flooded
paddy fields, use of hand-held tools
Nature of Culture
Social Organization Every culture organizes its members into
smaller units. Meant to help people of a culture work
together to meet basic needs Value can depend on culture Family = most important
Social Organization
Value by culture example Social Class
Can be based on money, occupation, ancestry, etc.
Why does the U.S. have so many immigrants?
Social Class is more based on education and hard work over ancestry or money
Those values make it easier to move b.t. classes
Nature of Culture
Women and Minorities Many cultures do have restrictions on
social mobility Most restrictions are imposed on what?
Women, and ethnic/religious minorities Majority Groups often use economic
measures to discriminate I.E. jobs, land, preferences, etc.
Review
Most important of the cultural elements Language
Family is the most important of these? Social Organizations
Place where important Ideas begin and spread Cultural Hearth
Humans using natural resources, and changing physical landscapes leads to? Varying Cultural Landscapes
Cultural Change
Changed by both internal and external influences
New discoveries, ideas, technology can bring change
Change is usually related to either new technology or new ideas on doing something
Cultural Change
Cultural Convergence Occurs when skills, arts, ideas, habits, and
institutions of one culture come in contact with those of another
Examples Hit song in U.S. can quickly become popular
around the world Mexican food’s popularity in U.S.
Cultural Change
Diffusion Process by which a cultural element is transmitted
across some distance from one group/individual to another.
Often occurs because of what? Migration/Immigration
Example E. & W. hemispheres come in contact with one
another. (Europeans and Native Americans) Europeans take the ideas of growing corn, beans,
and potatoes back to their cultures
Cultural Change
Some cultures limit cultural contact and spreading of ideas
Why? B/c they are repressive and are seeking ways to
control people Cultural Divergence
Restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences
Example: Fall of Communism cause? May have been ability of their culture to see the
ideas of freedom and rights of other cultures
Lesson Closing
Complete Skills for life on page 99 Finish any of Section 1 G.R.R.
Bell Work: Monday
Get out Section 1 Quiz and complete it to best on knowledge
Chapter 3 Section 2
Political and Economic Systems
Worlds Countries
Every country has four common characteristics Clearly defined territories Population Sovereignty Government
Worlds Countries
Territory Includes land, water, and natural resources
w/in boundaries Can be determined in two major ways
Naturally (rivers, mountain) Politically (treaties, wars, etc.)
Natural resources more important than size
Oil, coal, iron, etc. can make a country wealthier than size may imply
Population How/Why is population
density important? The size of a country
doesn’t reflect its population
Some countries (Canada/Russia) have large areas and only concentrations in certain places
What countries could be examples of small areas but big populations
Can have both a wide variety of people/cultures as well as similar
Citizens (people of a population) are assured protection by paying? Taxes
Sovereignty
Sovereignty Nations freedom from outside control.
Sovereign nations est. own policies Sovereignty allows a country to:
Act independently Deal equally w/other sovereign countries Protect territory and citizens
Lesson Closing:Project Activity
Get with 12 o’clock partner and read about one of the assigned gov’t structures and authority types and fill in the chart.
When instructed then go around and Give 1 Take 1 With other students until yours is complete!
Bell Work
Finish any of chart yourself, then answer captions on pages 101-103
Types of Government
Government Classified according to basis and structure The institution a society uses to
make/enforce its public policies and provide common needs.
Common needs Keeping order Protecting society Providing services
Government Structures
Classified according to the relationship b.t. the smaller units and the central government
3 Main Types Unitary Federation Confederation
Unitary System
One Central Gov’t Runs nation Central Gov’t makes laws for entire
nation Local gov’t only has powers given them by
central gov’t Examples
Great Britain Japan
Federation
Some powers are given to nat’l gov’t; others reserved for local
U.S is a federation Many articles in constitution outline
powers held by federal/state powers
Confederation
Smaller political units keep power, with limited powers to central
Separate states keep powers to retain own identities but to also come together to cooperate in common concerns
Example? Confederate States during 1860s Civil War
era
Government Authority
Another way to classify a government 5 Main types Authoritarian
Leaders hold all/nearly all political power Dictatroship
Most common form of Authoritarian today Power is concentrated in a small group or
single person Usually use military force or political terror to
gain/keep power
Totalitarianism
Most extreme form of dictatorship Government tries to control every aspect
of society Politics Economy Personal Lives
Examples? Germany under Hitler Soviet Union under Stalin
Monarchy
Historically most common Authoritarian Monarchs--Kings, queens, pharoahs
inherit position by birth into ruling family Past---- ruled w/ dictorial power Today: Constitutional Monarchies
Power rests with elected lawmaking body Monarch serves as symbol
Democracies
People choose leaders Have power to set policies Eligible citizens have the right to choose
representatives who make laws Examples:
U.S. -- Russia post communism Germany/China post WWII
Economic Systems
Attempts to answer 3 basic questions What (and how many) goods/services will
be produced How will these products be produced? How will the products and wealth gained
from their sale be distributed?
Types of Economies
Traditional Economy Often in rural/less developed Families produce goods/services for their
own use w/little surplus and exchange of goods
Types of Economies
Market Individuals/groups decide
what will be produced. How much will be produced Prices charged charged for goods/services
Influenced by law of supply and demand Supply up/demand down = lower prices set Supply down/demand up= higher prices set
Little Government Regulations
Types of Economies
Command Economy Controlled by single, central government All decisions made by government leaders
How much to produce Where to produce them How much to charge (prices)
Often made to achieve social/political goals
Economic Systems
Mixed Economy Mix of traditional, market, command Government controls some, private
controls other aspects
Lesson Closing
Answer questions to captions on pages 104-105 Work on Chapter 3 Projects (Web concepts) Work on Chapter 3 G.R.R.’s