Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer

Grab your text-book Define the word Culture Look at our school as a culture

List traits that are part of our schools culture Food/eating, customs, languages, traditions,

accepted behaviors, fashion, etc.

Identify at least three geographic factors that have contributed to growth of West Point

Island

Chapter 3

Population

And

Culture

Chapter Outline

Wednesday and Thurdsay Section 1

Monday/Tuesday Section 2

Project/Activity Start Chapter 4 Wednesday/Work on Activity Thursday/Friday Section 1 & 2 and Work time

Chapter 3 Activity Project

Project Due the day of the Ch.s 3 &4 Tests 2 Choices

Either grab two sheets of colored paper to create this project

-Or- Create this on a word document later but use scratch paper now

You will then create concept maps that answers the four questions under the reading focus on page 87

Population and Culture

Culture Beliefs and actions that define a group of

people’s way of life. Population Density

Average number of people in a square mile or km

People & Environments

People have always adapted to their surrounding environments

Have allowed people to survive in areas that could have been hostile earlier. Example from colder regions?

Where heavier clothing, store food for winter, etc. Remember the Arizona example from

movement in Ch.1? What made people able to move to Arizona from

1850-1950? Refrigerated cars, and air conditioning

People and Environment

People have also changed the earth’s physical landscape How has the physical landscape around

West Point Changed? Plowing lands, grazing animals, cutting trees,

and damming/changing river patterns.

Population Density

Easiest Way Divide total Population by regions total

land area Problems?

Could be areas that are hostile (hard to live in)

Solutions Geographers then divide population by arable

land, instead of total land Arable land= land that can be farmed

Population Growth

Technology has increased the ability to increase food production, and healthcare

Effects of Population Growth (2 outlooks) Optimistic

As population increases, the level of technology and creativity will increase.

Pessimistic(negative) As population increases so will famine,

disease, and natural resources depletion

Comparing Growth Rates

World Growth Rate is very uneven Birthrate

Number of live berths each year, per 1,000 people

Death rate Number of deaths each year per 1,000

people

Uneven Growth Rate

Different Balances in Birth and death rates

Immigration/Emigration numbers also affect the growth rate of a country

Immigration People moving into a country

Emigration People leaving the country

Growth Rate

Zero population growth BR + Immigration = DR + Emigration Happens in many industrialized nations

Increasing Population Growth BR + Immigration exceeds DR +

Emigration Happens in many developing countries,

because of high BR and lower DR due to technology

Patterns of Settlement

Densest Concentrations of people Lie in East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and eastern

N. America

Metropolitan Areas Central Cities surrounded by suburbs

Rural Countryside

Urbanization Growth of city populations

Cities growing twice as fast as rural

Answer

Questions to captions on pg 88 & 90 Answer in notes

Have Ready to start tomorrow Work on Sect. 1 G.R.R.

Bell Work

Let me see you answers in notes to 88/89 captions Why are the densest concentrations of people in

urban areas? Why is urbanization a problem in many countries? Most Densely populated areas?

N.East U.S., W. Europe, India, East Asia By 2015, how many urban areas will have more

than 14 million inhabitants Fifteen urban areas

Simulation Activity

This activity is done to demonstrate the strains that population growth can cause

Everyone take out a piece of scratch paper and write a random 7 digit phone number on it.

3 Volunteers (rest quiet please) Class Participation Discussion

Nature of Culture

Culture is reflected in 2 ways Objects and Ideas (Material/Non-material)

Material Culture Things made: food, clothing, buildings,

arts, crafts, and technology Non-Material Culture

Religions, language, spiritual beliefs, and behavior patterns.

Class/gender roles, gov’t systems, etc

Nature of Culture

Culture Hearths Places where

important ideas begin and from which they spread to surrounding cultures

Usually refers to ancient times

SW Asia is a cultural hearth for the taming and herding of animals and crop growing

Culture Hearth

What would be the Cultural Hearth of the Olympics and organized athletics?

Greece What would be the

cultural Hearth of Football?

Rugby in UK

Nature of Culture

Language Cornerstone of culture All cultures have language and use it as

tool to pass on knowledge/beliefs to other generations

Reflects a cultures identity Same language can often mean similar

customs. Many societies/cultures speak different

languages

Nature of Culture

Religion Helps people answer basic questions

about meaning/purpose of life Supports values that culture/society deem

important Monotheistic/Polytheistic two types

Nature of Culture

Cultural Landscapes Uniqueness of these that

reflect specific cultures caused by

Cultures use of natural resources

Cultures altering of earths surface

Example: Rural areas in U.S. & China U.S. filled w/ big barns/open

fields China filled w/ flooded

paddy fields, use of hand-held tools

Nature of Culture

Social Organization Every culture organizes its members into

smaller units. Meant to help people of a culture work

together to meet basic needs Value can depend on culture Family = most important

Social Organization

Value by culture example Social Class

Can be based on money, occupation, ancestry, etc.

Why does the U.S. have so many immigrants?

Social Class is more based on education and hard work over ancestry or money

Those values make it easier to move b.t. classes

Nature of Culture

Women and Minorities Many cultures do have restrictions on

social mobility Most restrictions are imposed on what?

Women, and ethnic/religious minorities Majority Groups often use economic

measures to discriminate I.E. jobs, land, preferences, etc.

Review

Most important of the cultural elements Language

Family is the most important of these? Social Organizations

Place where important Ideas begin and spread Cultural Hearth

Humans using natural resources, and changing physical landscapes leads to? Varying Cultural Landscapes

Cultural Change

Changed by both internal and external influences

New discoveries, ideas, technology can bring change

Change is usually related to either new technology or new ideas on doing something

Cultural Change

Cultural Convergence Occurs when skills, arts, ideas, habits, and

institutions of one culture come in contact with those of another

Examples Hit song in U.S. can quickly become popular

around the world Mexican food’s popularity in U.S.

Cultural Change

Diffusion Process by which a cultural element is transmitted

across some distance from one group/individual to another.

Often occurs because of what? Migration/Immigration

Example E. & W. hemispheres come in contact with one

another. (Europeans and Native Americans) Europeans take the ideas of growing corn, beans,

and potatoes back to their cultures

Cultural Change

Some cultures limit cultural contact and spreading of ideas

Why? B/c they are repressive and are seeking ways to

control people Cultural Divergence

Restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences

Example: Fall of Communism cause? May have been ability of their culture to see the

ideas of freedom and rights of other cultures

Lesson Closing

Complete Skills for life on page 99 Finish any of Section 1 G.R.R.

Bell Work: Monday

Get out Section 1 Quiz and complete it to best on knowledge

Chapter 3 Section 2

Political and Economic Systems

Worlds Countries

Every country has four common characteristics Clearly defined territories Population Sovereignty Government

Worlds Countries

Territory Includes land, water, and natural resources

w/in boundaries Can be determined in two major ways

Naturally (rivers, mountain) Politically (treaties, wars, etc.)

Natural resources more important than size

Oil, coal, iron, etc. can make a country wealthier than size may imply

Population How/Why is population

density important? The size of a country

doesn’t reflect its population

Some countries (Canada/Russia) have large areas and only concentrations in certain places

What countries could be examples of small areas but big populations

Can have both a wide variety of people/cultures as well as similar

Citizens (people of a population) are assured protection by paying? Taxes

Sovereignty

Sovereignty Nations freedom from outside control.

Sovereign nations est. own policies Sovereignty allows a country to:

Act independently Deal equally w/other sovereign countries Protect territory and citizens

Lesson Closing:Project Activity

Get with 12 o’clock partner and read about one of the assigned gov’t structures and authority types and fill in the chart.

When instructed then go around and Give 1 Take 1 With other students until yours is complete!

Bell Work

Finish any of chart yourself, then answer captions on pages 101-103

Types of Government

Government Classified according to basis and structure The institution a society uses to

make/enforce its public policies and provide common needs.

Common needs Keeping order Protecting society Providing services

Government Structures

Classified according to the relationship b.t. the smaller units and the central government

3 Main Types Unitary Federation Confederation

Unitary System

One Central Gov’t Runs nation Central Gov’t makes laws for entire

nation Local gov’t only has powers given them by

central gov’t Examples

Great Britain Japan

Federation

Some powers are given to nat’l gov’t; others reserved for local

U.S is a federation Many articles in constitution outline

powers held by federal/state powers

Confederation

Smaller political units keep power, with limited powers to central

Separate states keep powers to retain own identities but to also come together to cooperate in common concerns

Example? Confederate States during 1860s Civil War

era

Government Authority

Another way to classify a government 5 Main types Authoritarian

Leaders hold all/nearly all political power Dictatroship

Most common form of Authoritarian today Power is concentrated in a small group or

single person Usually use military force or political terror to

gain/keep power

Totalitarianism

Most extreme form of dictatorship Government tries to control every aspect

of society Politics Economy Personal Lives

Examples? Germany under Hitler Soviet Union under Stalin

Monarchy

Historically most common Authoritarian Monarchs--Kings, queens, pharoahs

inherit position by birth into ruling family Past---- ruled w/ dictorial power Today: Constitutional Monarchies

Power rests with elected lawmaking body Monarch serves as symbol

Democracies

People choose leaders Have power to set policies Eligible citizens have the right to choose

representatives who make laws Examples:

U.S. -- Russia post communism Germany/China post WWII

Economic Systems

Attempts to answer 3 basic questions What (and how many) goods/services will

be produced How will these products be produced? How will the products and wealth gained

from their sale be distributed?

Types of Economies

Traditional Economy Often in rural/less developed Families produce goods/services for their

own use w/little surplus and exchange of goods

Types of Economies

Market Individuals/groups decide

what will be produced. How much will be produced Prices charged charged for goods/services

Influenced by law of supply and demand Supply up/demand down = lower prices set Supply down/demand up= higher prices set

Little Government Regulations

Types of Economies

Command Economy Controlled by single, central government All decisions made by government leaders

How much to produce Where to produce them How much to charge (prices)

Often made to achieve social/political goals

Economic Systems

Mixed Economy Mix of traditional, market, command Government controls some, private

controls other aspects

Lesson Closing

Answer questions to captions on pages 104-105 Work on Chapter 3 Projects (Web concepts) Work on Chapter 3 G.R.R.’s