ARTIFICIAL HEART
A Concise Presentation
By
Mr. Deepak Sarangi
M.Pharm.(Ph.D)
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An artificial heart is a prosthetic device that is implanted into the body to replace the biological heart.
Artificial heart a pumping mechanism that duplicates the rate, output, and blood pressure of the natural heart; it may replace the function of a part or all of the heart.
INTRODUCTION
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ARTIFICIAL HEART HISTORY
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Artificial heart are of three types
VENTRICULAR ARTIFICIAL
HEART
VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE
TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART
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VENTRICULAR ARTIFICIAL HEART
Each pump is small enough to be
implanted into the void that was left
behind from the extraction.
Both pumps receive power from a
large external console. The console
pushes air through the tubing.
Air enters inside the pump and is
expelled through a series of thin
flexible diaphragms.
The jarvik-7 design incorporates two heart pumps that are connected to a power console.
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VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE
Michael has pioneered the development
of heart pumps since the early 1960s.
In 1966, he performed the first
successful implantation of a ventricular
assist device.
The patient's heart recovered while the
VAD took over its pumping chores.
Ventricular assist device, invented by Dr Michael DeBakey was
implanted in 1966 at Methodist hospital in Texas.
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TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART
The AbioCor™ implantable replacement
heart is the first completely self-contained
total artificial heart. It is the product of
30 years of research, development,
and testing conducted by ABIOMED, Inc.
in order to extend and improve the lives of
patients who would otherwise die of heart
failure.
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The AbioCor, along with other
components is surgically
implanted; it is designed to fit
within chest and abdomen.
The AbioCor System consists of
the following implanted
components: Replacement Heart Implanted TET Implanted Controller Implanted Battery
ABIOCOR SYSTEM
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The thoracic unit weighs slightly more than two pounds (0.9 kg) and is
about the same size and shape of a natural heart.
It is made of titanium, and Angioflex, a polyurethane plastic.
REPLACEMENT HEART
The thoracic unit is implanted in the chest,
and connects to the right and left atria, the
aorta, and the pulmonary artery.
The thoracic unit contains two hydraulic
motors; one keeps the blood pumping from
each ventricle (blood pump), and the other
operates the motion of the four heart
valves.
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IMPLANTED TRANSCUTANEOUS ENERGY
TRANSMISSION (TET)
The implanted TET is an electric coil that
provides all of the AbioCor System’s
internal devices with electrical energy.
It is connected to the thoracic unit, the
implanted controller, and the implanted
battery.
The implanted TET is located on the
upper-left area of the chest (opposite of
the artificial heart).
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The job of the implanted controller is to
oversee the internal components of the
AbioCor System.
The implanted controller is also able to
manage the artificial heart’s cardiac output
rate to make sure that the artificial heat
generates the necessary blood flow.
IMPLANTED CONTROLLERThe implanted controller is a small automatic computer located in
the abdomen of the patient’s body.
It is secured in a titanium case and connects to all internal
components.
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The implanted battery is placed in the abdomen,
opposite from the implanted Controller.
It is implanted when the implanted controller and the
artificial heart are placed in the patient’s body.
The implanted battery is kept in a titanium case, it
receives energy from the external TET.
It is connected to all other internal components.
If the patient were to separate himself from the
external TET and battery pack (such as to take a
shower), the implanted battery would provide energy
for 30 - 40 minutes.
IMPLANTED BATTERY
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External Components:
TRANSCUTANEOUS ENERGY
TRANSMISSION (TET)
PATIENT-CARRIED ELECTRONICS.
PCE BATTERY BAG
PCE BATTERIES
PCE CONTROL MODULE
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TRANSCUTANEOUS ENERGY TRANSMISSION (TET)
The external TET is placed directly over the location of the internal
TET to transfer energy through the skin.
If the patient is stationary and is near a power outlet, his source for
energy may be the console.
If the patient is mobile and has
no intentions of remaining in
the same location for a long
period of time, he may use the
PCE as a power source.
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PATIENT-CARRIED ELECTRONICS
The patient using the AbioCor System is
not forced to stay in bed hooked up to the
system’s console;
He is also given the option to move around
and not have to depend on a power outlet to
power the system’s components.
If the patient chooses to be
mobile(movable) he may use the Patient-
Carried Electronics
(PCE) by plugging the external TET into
the PCE’s control module.
PCE BATTERY BAG
PCE Battery Bag weighs : 10 pounds.
Carried by using : An attached shoulder strap (Abiomed).
Inside of the bag contains : Four batteries, plastic cardholders.
Outside of the bag contains : PCE control module.
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PCE BATTERIESEach pair of PCE Batteries supplies the AbioCor’s internal system
with power for about one hour (Abiomed).
The battery bag can carry two pairs of PCE batteries.
The internal system may be supplied with power for about two
hours .
Additionally, since the PCE batteries don’t last very long,
they must be changed several times a day so patient can take extra
batteries if necessary.
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PCE CONTROL MODULE
The PCE control module is to be placed in one of the
pockets of the PCE battery bag.
It is connected to the batteries by a battery cable and is
also connected to the external TET.
If a problem occurs within one of the internal devices,
the control module immediately notifies the patient.
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To maintain operation, the AbioCor System must first have a
source of power depending on whether or not the patient is
mobile.
This power source will either be the console or the PCE control
module.
If the power source detects a problem, an alarm light or an
alarm sound notifies the patient.
Otherwise, if no problems are detected the AbioCor System
follows a cyclic function and continues to operate.
FUNCTION
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COST OF IMPLANTATION
Complete heart replacement device
can cost about $75,000.
Procedure expenses cost about
$175,000.
It is financed by the national heart
research fund.
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There are many obstacles to overcome before any TAH is widely
accepted.
The AbioCor System consists of a set of internal components and
external components.
The internal and external TETs work together to convert this
energy into usable energy for all internal components.
All of these provide power for the artificial heart and components
keep the artificial heart pumping blood and keep sending that
blood throughout the patient’s body.
CONCLUSION
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“ARTIFICIAL HEART IS NOT AS A
BRIDGE TO
TRANSPLANTATION BUT AS A LIFE
EXTENDING DEVICE”
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REFERENCESAbiomed. Product details. http://www.abiomed.com/products/heart_replacement/product_details.cfm
Bonsor, Kevin. How Artificial Hearts Work. http://science.howstuffworks.com/artificial-heart.htm
Brain, Marshall. How Hydraulic Machines Work.http://science.howstuffworks.com/hydraulic.htm
Cho, B.H., Gyu Bum Joun. “An energy transmission system for an artificial heart using leakage inductance compensation of transcutaneous transformer”. IEEE. Nov. 1998http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?arNumber=728328
Factmonster. heart, artificial. <http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0823119.html>
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