Artificial heart ppt

ARTIFICIAL HEART

A Concise Presentation

By

Mr. Deepak Sarangi

M.Pharm.(Ph.D)

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An artificial heart is a prosthetic device that is implanted into the body to replace the biological heart.

Artificial heart  a pumping mechanism that duplicates the rate, output, and blood pressure of the natural heart; it may replace the function of a part or all of the heart.

INTRODUCTION

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ARTIFICIAL HEART HISTORY

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Artificial heart are of three types

VENTRICULAR ARTIFICIAL

HEART

VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE

TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART

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VENTRICULAR ARTIFICIAL HEART

Each pump is small enough to be

implanted into the void that was left

behind from the extraction.

Both pumps receive power from a

large external console. The console

pushes air through the tubing.

Air enters inside the pump and is

expelled through a series of thin

flexible diaphragms.

The jarvik-7 design incorporates two heart pumps that are connected to a power console.

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VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE

Michael has pioneered the development

of heart pumps since the early 1960s.

In 1966, he performed the first

successful implantation of a ventricular

assist device.

The patient's heart recovered while the

VAD took over its pumping chores.

Ventricular assist device, invented by Dr Michael DeBakey was

implanted in 1966 at Methodist hospital in Texas.

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TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART

The AbioCor™ implantable replacement

heart is the first completely self-contained

total artificial heart. It is the product of

30 years of research, development,

and testing conducted by ABIOMED, Inc.

in order to extend and improve the lives of

patients who would otherwise die of heart

failure.

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The AbioCor, along with other

components is surgically

implanted; it is designed to fit

within chest and abdomen.

The AbioCor System consists of

the following implanted

components: Replacement Heart Implanted TET Implanted Controller Implanted Battery

ABIOCOR SYSTEM

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The thoracic unit weighs slightly more than two pounds (0.9 kg) and is

about the same size and shape of a natural heart.

It is made of titanium, and Angioflex, a polyurethane plastic. 

REPLACEMENT HEART

The thoracic unit is implanted in the chest,

and connects to the right and left atria, the

aorta, and the pulmonary artery.

The thoracic unit contains two hydraulic

motors; one keeps the blood pumping from

each ventricle (blood pump), and the other

operates the motion of the four heart

valves.

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IMPLANTED TRANSCUTANEOUS ENERGY

TRANSMISSION (TET)

The implanted TET is an electric coil that

provides all of the AbioCor System’s

internal devices with electrical energy.

It is connected to the thoracic unit, the

implanted controller, and the implanted

battery.

The implanted TET is located on the

upper-left area of the chest (opposite of

the artificial heart).

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The job of the implanted controller is to

oversee the internal components of the

AbioCor System.

The implanted controller is also able to

manage the artificial heart’s cardiac output

rate to make sure that the artificial heat

generates the necessary blood flow. 

IMPLANTED CONTROLLERThe implanted controller is a small automatic computer located in

the abdomen of the patient’s body. 

It is secured in a titanium case and connects to all internal

components.

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The implanted battery is placed in the abdomen,

opposite from the implanted Controller.

It is implanted when the implanted controller and the

artificial heart are placed in the patient’s body.

The implanted battery is kept in a titanium case, it

receives energy from the external TET.

It is connected to all other internal components.

If the patient were to separate himself from the

external TET and battery pack (such as to take a

shower), the implanted battery would provide energy

for 30 - 40 minutes.

IMPLANTED BATTERY

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External Components:

TRANSCUTANEOUS ENERGY

TRANSMISSION (TET)

PATIENT-CARRIED ELECTRONICS.

PCE BATTERY BAG

PCE BATTERIES

PCE CONTROL MODULE

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TRANSCUTANEOUS ENERGY TRANSMISSION (TET)

The external TET is placed directly over the location of the internal

TET to transfer energy through the skin.

If the patient is stationary and is near a power outlet, his source for

energy may be the console.

If the patient is mobile and has

no intentions of remaining in

the same location for a long

period of time, he may use the

PCE as a power source.

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 PATIENT-CARRIED ELECTRONICS

The patient using the AbioCor System is

not forced to stay in bed hooked up to the

system’s console;

He is also given the option to move around

and not have to depend on a power outlet to

power the system’s components.

If the patient chooses to be

mobile(movable) he may use the Patient-

Carried Electronics

(PCE) by plugging the external TET into

the PCE’s control module.

PCE BATTERY BAG

PCE Battery Bag weighs : 10 pounds.

Carried by using : An attached shoulder strap (Abiomed).

Inside of the bag contains : Four batteries, plastic cardholders.

Outside of the bag contains : PCE control module.

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PCE BATTERIESEach pair of PCE Batteries supplies the AbioCor’s internal system

with power for about one hour (Abiomed).

The battery bag can carry two pairs of PCE batteries.

The internal system may be supplied with power for about two

hours .

Additionally, since the PCE batteries don’t last very long,

they must be changed several times a day so patient can take extra

batteries if necessary.

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PCE CONTROL MODULE

The PCE control module is to be placed in one of the

pockets of the PCE battery bag.

It is connected to the batteries by a battery cable and is

also connected to the external TET.

 If a problem occurs within one of the internal devices,

the control module immediately notifies the patient.

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To maintain operation, the AbioCor System must first have a

source of power depending on whether or not the patient is

mobile.

This power source will either be the console or the PCE control

module.

If the power source detects a problem, an alarm light or an

alarm sound notifies the patient.

Otherwise, if no problems are detected the AbioCor System

follows a cyclic function and continues to operate.

FUNCTION

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COST OF IMPLANTATION

Complete heart replacement device

can cost about $75,000.

Procedure expenses cost about

$175,000.

It is financed by the national heart

research fund.

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There are many obstacles to overcome before any TAH is widely

accepted.

The AbioCor System consists of a set of internal components and

external components.

The internal and external TETs work together to convert this

energy into usable energy for all internal components.

All of these provide power for the artificial heart and components

keep the artificial heart pumping blood and keep sending that

blood throughout the patient’s body.

CONCLUSION

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“ARTIFICIAL HEART IS NOT AS A

BRIDGE TO

TRANSPLANTATION BUT AS A LIFE

EXTENDING DEVICE”

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REFERENCESAbiomed. Product details. http://www.abiomed.com/products/heart_replacement/product_details.cfm

Bonsor, Kevin. How Artificial Hearts Work. http://science.howstuffworks.com/artificial-heart.htm

Brain, Marshall. How Hydraulic Machines Work.http://science.howstuffworks.com/hydraulic.htm

Cho, B.H., Gyu Bum Joun. “An energy transmission system for an artificial heart using leakage inductance compensation of transcutaneous transformer”. IEEE. Nov. 1998http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?arNumber=728328

Factmonster. heart, artificial. <http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0823119.html>

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