1
STOmP
Sustainable Tomato Production: plant defense
enhancement, development of new biopesticides
and optimization of environmental, water and
chemical inputs
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Project Evaluation Meeting
12 October 2017, Montpellier, France
Coordinator Lucia ZAPPALA’
University of Catania, Italy
CONSORTIUM & OTHER
STAKEHOLDERS
Partner 1 (Coordinator): University of Catania, Dept. of
Agriculture, Food and Environment , ITALY (UNICT) /
Entomology, sustainable crop protection, ecotoxicology
Partner 2: University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences, TUNISIA
(FSS) / Phytochemistry, Botany
Partner 3: University of Reggio Calabria, Dept. of
Agriculture, ITALY (UNIRC) / Entomology, sustainable
crop protection, plant physiology, horticulture
Partner 4: Italian Agricultural Research Council –
Horticulture Research Center, ITALY (CREA-ORT) /
Agronomy, protected crops technology
Partner 5: University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Institute of
Chemistry, FRANCE (ICN) / Phytochemistry, Analytical
Chemistry, Botany
Project start date: 01/052016 - Project end date: 30/04/2019
Overall budget: 842 k€ - ARIMNet2 grant: 592.5 k€
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
CONSORTIUM & OTHER
STAKEHOLDERS
• Partner 6: French National Institute for Agricultural
Research, Sophia-Antipolis, FRANCE (INRA) / Plant
physiology, entomology, ecotoxicology
• Partner 7: University of Napoli “Federico II”, Dept. of
Agriculture, ITALY (UNINA) / Entomology, biological
control, plant resistance
• Partner 8: Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II -
Complexe Horticole d’Agadir, MOROCCO (IAVHII)
/ Entomology, IPM, horticulture
• Partner 9: Hellenic Agricultural Organisation, GREECE
(DEMETER) / Insect physiology, insecticide resistance
Project start date: 01/052016 - Project end date: 30/04/2019
Overall budget: 842 k€ - ARIMNet2 grant: 592.5 k€
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
BACKGROUND
Tomato has a very high social and economic relevance
in Europe and the whole Mediterranean area
New tomato diseases and invasive pest is promoted by
climate change and globalized trade
Pest and disease control often relies on agrochemicals
which can
– disrupt the existing integrated pest management programs
(IPM);
– induce resistance in target pests
– Increase production costs
– Can have side effects on farmers, consumers and non-target
organisms.
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
Goal:
Developing and implementing environmental friendly methods
for the management of tomato key pests and pathogens,
limiting the use of chemicals and improving integrated control
techniques
Objective 1
Characterize insecticide resistance of two invasive tomato
pests (T. absoluta and B. tabaci) in populations coming from
various Mediterranean countries
Objective 2
Include insecticides derived from plants in tomato IPM
schemes, and develop new carriers and formulations for
increased pest control efficacy and minimized toxicity to plants
and non-target insects
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
Objective 3
Apply beneficial fungi and microbial consortia to enhance
the defense barriers of tomato plants against biotic (pests and
pathogens) stress agents
Objective 4
Optimize irrigation and fertilization in terms of nutritional
value or chemical defenses, and their consequences on
herbivorous and insect natural enemies
Objective 5
Validate a newly designed insect-proof ventilated
greenhouse in terms of tomato yields, pest and natural
enemies population dynamics
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
- WP1 Insecticide resistance characterization
- WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts
- WP3 Plant defense enhancement against biotic (pests
and pathogens) stress agents
- WP4 Reduced irrigation and fertilization bottom-up
effects at the multi-trophic levels
- WP5 Evaluation of a newly designed greenhouse
model
- WP6 Project management, Communication and
Dissemination Plan
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP1 Insecticide resistance characterization Task 1.1. Characterization of resistance using
classical assays
– Tuta absoluta
– Chlorantraniliprole
– Flubendiamide
– Indoxacarb
– Emamectin benzoate
– Spinosad
– Bemisia tabaci – Imidacloprid (adults)
– Spiromesifen (L2)
– Spirotetramat (L2)
– LC50 and Resistance Ratio (RR)
Tuta absoluta Bemisia tabaci
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP1 Insecticide resistance characterization Task 1.1. Characterization of resistance using
classical assays
– Tuta absoluta
– Resistance to chlorantraniliprole widespread in Italy and Greece
with high RR (> 64-fold) . Also detected in Israel (RR: 22,573-fold).
– Low/moderate resistance to emamectin benzoate and to
indoxacarb was detected for the first time. Reports of poor field
performance are currently absent.
– Bemisia tabaci – Very high resistance to spiromesifen (RR > 5000) and spirotetramat
(RR > 1000) reported for the first time in strains from the MED
region.
– Key finding for future resistance management in ketoenol group.
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP1 Insecticide resistance characterization Task 1.2. Molecular analysis of resistance
– Tuta absoluta
– Mechanisms of diamide resistance were elucidated
– Four mutations in the RyR gene, are involved in the resistant
phenotypes
– The role of biochemical resistance needs to be investigated
– Bemisia tabaci – Alternative resistance mechanism could be associated with
the ketoenol resistant phenotype.
– The role of detoxification enzymes is currently investigated
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP1 Insecticide resistance characterization Dissemination
– Data will be included and available for end users on
‘Galanthus’ an online open resistance database including
data from several Mediterranean countries on several pests
Access at:
http://en.galanthos.gr
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.1. Plant extract preparation and
characterization
Task 2.2. Increasing pest control efficacy
Task 2.3. Evaluating and reducing
phytotoxicity
Task 2.4. Evaluating non-target toxicity on
natural enemies survival and biological
control services
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.1. Plant extract preparation and characterization
Dilution of EOs
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.1. Investigated plants
Thymus zygis Juniperus
phoenicea
Artemisia
herba-alba Eucalyptus alba
Rosmarinus
officinalis Pelargonium
capitatum Mentha peprita Pistacia lentiscus
Lavandula angustifolia Pinus nigra Olea europaea
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.1. Plant extract preparation and characterization
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.1.
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.1. Formulation
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.1. Formulation
Nanoemulsion
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.1. Formulation
Nanoemulsion
Sonicator
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.1. Emulsion characterization
– Appearance (aspect, color, transparency)
– Stability in time (phase separation, sedimentation, creaming)
– Stability at centrifugation (3000 rpm during 5 minutes)
– Size of the emulsion – by Dynamic Light Scattering
– by Zetasizer
Zetasizer Nano
series Malvern®
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.1.
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Control potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.2. Increasing pest control efficacy
– On bacteria and fungi
– On insect pests
– sap-feeders
– chewers
Task 2.3. Evaluating and reducing
phytotoxicity
– Phytotoxicity index (P𝑖)
Macrosiphum euphorbiae
Bemisia tabaci
Solanum lycopersicum
Tuta absoluta
Ephestia kuehniella
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.2.; Task 2.3. Experimental setup
Thyme Lavender Rosemary Fennel Anise Clove Mugwort.
Insects direct exposure
to treated tomato leaflets
(Leaf-dip method)
Insects indirect exposure
to essential oil vapour-phase (fumigation with treated filter paper)
Citrus.
Translaminar, ingestion and
contact toxicity, oviposition
repellency
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts direct exposure to treated tomato leaflets
− On aphids
Unbalanced entomotoxicity and phytotoxicity tradeoff
No effective EOs in a non-phytotoxic dose range
VS
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
% Of formulated EO
M. eu
ph
orb
iae
mo
rtality
rate
(%
) 2
4h
Ph
yto
toxic
ity in
dex
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts indirect exposure to essential oil vapour-phase
Fumigation method sucessfully balanced the entomotoxicity and phytotoxicity trade-off
VS Effective EOs in a non-phytotoxic dose range
0 1 2 3 4
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Essential oil concentration (µL.L-1air)
M. e
up
ho
rbia
em
orta
lity ra
te (
%) 2
4h
Phyto
toxic
ity ind
ex
LD50 rosemary mugwort µL(EO).L-1(air) 2,92 0,91
LD50 fennel Anise µL(EO).L-1(air) 2,43 1,79
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
0 20 40 60 80 100
Ctrl waterSpinosad 2x fr
NE-Anise EO 0.5%NE-Anise EO 1%NE-Anise EO 2%NE-Anise EO 5%
NE-Anise EO 10%NE-Anise EO 20%
NE-Artemisia EO 10 %NE-Artemisia EO 20 %
NE-Fennel EO 0.5%NE-Fennel EO 1%
NE-Fennel EO 2 %NE-Fennel EO 5 %
NE-Fennel EO 10 %NE-Fennel EO 20 %
NE-Rosemary EO 20%NE-Lavender EO 20%
NE-Peppermint EO 20%NE-Sage EO 5 %
NE-Sage EO 10%NE-Sage EO 20%
% mean mortality
Contact toxicity on Tuta absoluta eggs
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Translaminar, ingestion and contact toxicity, oviposition repellency
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts On T. absoluta
− Citrus peel EOs as emulsions and included in
polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles (EO-
NPs) ‒ overall good insecticidal activity
‒ higher mortality through contact on eggs and larvae by EO
emulsions and through ingestion on larvae by EO-NPs
‒ the nanoformulation also significantly reduced the visible
toxic effects on the plants
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal extracts Task 2.4. Evaluating non-target toxicity on natural
enemies survival and biological control services ‒ Side effects on the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis and on
bumblebees were evaluated under laboratory conditions at
IAVHII
‒ On the predator ‒ Residual contact toxicity was evaluated releasing adults in cages with
treated plants
‒ On pollinators ‒ Residual contact toxicity
‒ Ingestion via treated pollen and nectar
‒ Dermal contact: spraying on the abdominal parts of the insect
‒ Products tested ‒ Garlic extract
‒ Thymus vulgaris essential oil
‒ Abamectin 5%,
‒ Azadirachtin 0.1%,
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP2 Insecticide potential of vegetal
extracts Task 2.4.
‒ On N. tenuis ‒ the highest mortality was recorded for garlic
(94.0%) and Abamectin (92.8%); Azadirachtin had moderate toxicity (64.8%), followed by thymus (38.8%)
‒ On bumblebees ‒ direct dermal contact caused high mortality
rate for all the treatments ‒ in the ingestion toxicity trials through pollen
and nectar the highest mortality was given by Abamectin (40.1%) followed by Azadirachtin and thymus
‒ Garlic extract and Azadirachtin have a slightly lower acute toxicity than Thymus extract and Abamectin on bumblebees
ACTIVITIES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP3 Plant defense enhancement against biotic (pests
and pathogens) stress agents Task 3.1. Use of beneficial fungi (PGPF, Plant Growth
Promoting Fungi) ‒ The root symbiont Trichoderma harzianum T22 enhances the
production of VOCs that are responsible of superior attraction
of parasitoids towards aphid infested tomato plant
ACTIVITIES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP3 Plant defense enhancement against biotic (pests
and pathogens) stress agents Task 3.1. Use of beneficial fungi
‒ DEGs involved in VOCs related pathways (cis-3-exenol, β-
caryophyllene, methyl salicylate) and identified in tomato T22,
tomato aphids, tomato T22 + aphids
GENE fold change
SMT22+Aph
Annotation
Solyc07g052150.2.1 7,383503225 Sesquiterpene synthase
Solyc07g052140.2.1 6,18848554 (-)-germacrene D synthase
Solyc01g005230.2.1 2,009382507 S-adenosyl-L-methionine salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase
Solyc01g014330.2.1 1,668374865 S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxyl methyltransferase family protein
Solyc08g080670.1.1 2,603222167 Osmotin-like protein
Solyc01g087840.2.1 2,576193326 Subtilisin-like protease
Solyc01g106620.2.1 1,565662871 Pathogenesis-related protein 1a
Their up-regulation explains A. ervi flight behaviour
ACTIVITIES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP3 Plant defense enhancement against
biotic (pests and pathogens) stress agents Task 3.2. Use of beneficial bacteria (PGPR,
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria)
Verticilium dahliae: an important vascular
fungal pathogen (a biotic stress) ‒ In vitro study
‒ The antifungal activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain
C2 has been characterized.
‒ In vivo study ‒ The efficacy of the strain C2 of B. amylolisquefaciens in
protecting tomato against V. dahliae, and promoting its
growth has been evidenced
ACTIVITIES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP4 Irrigation and fertilization bottom-up effects at the
multi-trophic levels Task 4.1. Effects of reduced irrigation and fertilization
on plant physiology - primary and secondary
metabolism
Task 4.2. Effects of reduced irrigation and fertilization
inputs on pests (T. absoluta and whiteflies) and their
natural enemies (predators and parasitoids)
Objective: Can we detect bottom-up effects of moderate limitation of nitrogen and/or water
supply on the first, second, and third trophic level?
ACTIVITIES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP4 Irrigation and fertilization bottom-up effects at
the multi-trophic levels
Optimization of seed
germination
Optimization of the
hydroponic system and
nutrient solution
ACTIVITIES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP4 Irrigation and fertilization bottom-up effects at
the multi-trophic levels
Optimization of drought and N stress
ù
ACTIVITIES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP4 Irrigation and fertilization bottom-up effects at
the multi-trophic levels
Optimization of electrophysiological measurementnt
Experimental design
Nutrient solution:
10 vs 2.5 mM nitrogen
-H2O = 50% of +H2O
Location: climate controlled
greenhouse
Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
Tuta absoluta Spodoptera
littoralis
Bemisia
tabaci
Aphelinus
abdominalis
Necremnus tutae
• Nutritional value:
Carbon & Nitrogen
• Direct defense:
Phenolics & Alkaloids (LC-MS)
• Indirect defense:
Herbivore-induced volatiles
(SPME, GC-MS)
Infestation:
• B. tabaci: 120 adults, 10 days
• M. euphorbiae: 30, mixed stages, 7 days
• T. absoluta: 6 larvae, L2-L3, 2 days
• S. littoralis: 1 larvae, L1-L2, 2 days
Parasitism:
• A. abdominalis: 2 couples, 24h
• N. tutae: 2 couples, 48h
Sap-feeders: populationsize
Leaf-chewers: larval weight increase, consumed leaf area
Successful parasitism,
emergence rate
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP4 Irrigation and fertilization bottom-up effects at
the multi-trophic levels Diluted bottom-up effects
Nutritional value Defense
compounds
Nutritional value
(Growth rate)
(Successful parasitization)
(Parasitoid emergence rate)
Population size
Nutritional value
Consumed leaf area
(Nutritional value)(Growth rate)
Clear effect of irrigation and
fertilization on 1st trophic
level.
Some clear effects 2nd level.
Some weak and somepotential (indirect) effects on
3rd level.
Herbivore-induced
plant volatiles?
(Biocontrol success rate)
(Parasitoid emergence rate)
Herbivore-induced
plant volatiles?
Two papers are currently in progress
ACTIVITIES – M&M
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP5 Evaluation of a newly designed greenhouse
model Task 5.1 Yields evaluation
Task 5.2 Insect pest population dynamics
Experiment carried out in 2016 and 2017
in a natural ventilation greenhouse divided into two
bodies (14.4 x 20.0 m each) One closed frontally, sideways and at the roof with an
aphid net having a porosity of 46% (Net Greenhouse - NG),
with a double door.
The second one closed at the front, side and top with a
95% bumblebee net (No Net Greenhouse - NNG).
ACTIVITIES – RESULTS
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
WP5 Evaluation of a newly designed greenhouse
model Production, LAI and T. absoluta attack were
significantly greater in NNG than in NG;
The differences between treatments in NG were not
significant and therefore only the treated net
determined that result. The net as a bug insect limitation tool was only partially
successful.
Net performance greatly improves when locally treated with
a suitable insecticide.
DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
Workshops “Chemical Ecology Inputs in Biological control” (ChEcKInBio) on 13
July 2017 (organized by ISA and ICN)
Website https://www.researchgate.net/project/Sustainable-Tomato-
Production-plant-defense-enhancement-development-of-new-
biopesticides-and-optimization-of-environmental-water-and-
chemical-inputs-STomP
Congress oral or poster presentations on the project activities Italian Congress of Entomology, Padova (I), June 2016;
Intl Congress of Entomology, Orlando (FL), Sept 2016;
Intl congress of the French Ecological Society, Marseille, (F), 24-29
Oct 2016;
Workshop on “Essential oils: phytochemistry and new
applications”, Catania (I) 30 June 2017;
International symposium on insect-plant interactions (SIP), Tours
(F) 2-6 July 2017.
TRAINING & MOBILITY
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
Natural products and Biocontrol congress,
Perpignan, France 20-24 Sept 2016;
SFE international congress, Marseille, France, 24-
29 Oct 2016;
Meeting “GDR Mediatech”, Marseille, France, 24-
29 Oct 2016;
Meeting “GDR Mediatech”, Montpellier, France, 2-
4 Nov 2017;
ERINI Grasse, Some days in May, August, Sept
and Oct 2016 of a post-doc at INRA to train on
Chemical analyses and Metabolomics
NEXT STEPS / PERSPECTIVES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
Next steps
Ganttchart SCHEDULE
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
WP / Task 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
WP1
Leader: DEMETER
Contributing partners: UNICT
x x x x x x x x x x x x
WP1 - T1.1
Leader: DEMETER x x x x x x x
WP1 - T1.2
Leader: DEMETER x x x x x x x x x x
WP2
Leader: ICN
Contributing partners: FSS,
UNICT, UNIRC, IAVHII, ISA
x x x x x x x x x x x x
WP2 - T2.1
Leader: FSS x x x x x x x x
WP2 - T2.2
Leader: ISA x x x x x x x x x
WP2 - T2.3
Leader: ICN x x x x x x x x
WP2 - T2.4
Leader: UNICT x x x x x x x x x
SCHEDULE
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
WP / Task 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
WP3 Leader: UNINA Contributing partners: ISA, FSS, IAVHII
x x x x x x x x x x x x
WP2 – T3.1 Leader: UNINA
x x x x x x x x x x x x
WP2 – T3.2 Leader: FSS
x x x x x x x x x x x x
WP4 Leader: UNIRC, ISA Contributing partners: ICN, UNICT, IAVHII
x x x x x x x x x x x x
WP4 – T4.1 Leader: UNIRC
x x x x x x x x x
WP4 – T4.2 Leader: ISA
x x x x x x x x x x x
WP5 Leader: CREA-ORT Contributing partners: UNINA
x x x x x x x x x x x x
WP6 Leader: UNICT Contributing partners: ALL
x x x x x x x x x x x x
NEXT STEPS / PERSPECTIVES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
Next steps
WP1: further data on resistance phenotype;
progress in mechanisms
WP2: Biopesticide formulation and activity testing
still in progress; large scale production of
extracted EOs; non-target toxicity trials
WP3: characterization of Trichoderma strain that
enhances direct pest control; selection of
beneficial Bacillus strains; protocols for field
applications of PGPF
NEXT STEPS / PERSPECTIVES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
Next steps
WP4: Physiological and biochemical traits of water
and nutrient stressed tomato plants; effects of
reduced irrigation and fertilization of Tuta absoluta
and its natural enemies
WP5: production level evaluation in the newly
designed greenhouse
WP6: a progress meeting will be organized in
Naples in July 2018 (European Congress of
Entomology, 2-6 July 2018); a final workshop will
be organized, most likely in Crete
NEXT STEPS / PERSPECTIVES
ARIMNet2 Mid-Term Evaluation Meeting, 12 October 2017, Montpellier
Next steps
WP4: Physiological and biochemical traits of water and
nutrient stressed tomato plants; effects of reduced
irrigation and fertilization of Tuta absoluta and its
natural enemies
WP5: production level evaluation in the newly designed
greenhouse
WP6: a progress meeting will be organized in Naples in
July 2018 (European Congress of Entomology, 2-6 July
2018); a final workshop will be organized, most likely in
Crete
Perspectives
Networking among partners for further project proposals