Earthquakes Mid Term

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Group presentation.

Presented by :

1) Nasir Kamal

2) Hafiz Muhammad ALI

3) M Sohib Manzor

Presented to :

Miss Rima A. rao

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WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?

Earthquake: Vibrations(seismic waves)within Earth surfacewhich are produced by the sudden release of energy.

> Earths crust is in constant motion because of tectonic forces.

> Earths crust can store elastic energy .

> when forces exceed the elastic limits and structural strength of the

rocks ,the rocks will break and/or move producing

vibrations that travel outward in all direction

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Earthquake

The actual place underground where the

rocks break producing vibration is called

the focus The place on the surface directly above

the focus is called the epicenter.

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What causes Earthquakes?

Tectonic forces

Volcanic eruptions

Hitting of mataerites on earth surface

Atomic bomb

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Earthquake Danger

Most injuries and death are caused by

falling objects and most property damage

results from fires that start

Tsunami : Seismic sea wave some times

generated when an earthquake

originates on the ocean floor

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Pakistan Earthquake

8 October 2005

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Seismicity of Pakistan

Concentrated in N and W of the country, along

the boundary of the Indian plate & the Iranian

& Afghan micro-plates

Thrust zones:

Kirthar

Sulaiman

Salt ranges

4 faults in & around Karachi

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Seismicity of Jammu & Kashmir

Earthquake, 8 Oct 2005:

One of the strongest earthquakes inthe area since a mammoth M7.6 in

Sep 1555 with max density XII inKashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) and India

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DeathMMain LocationDate236.3Gilgit-Astore20 Nov 2002

175.3Gilgit-Astore3 Nov 2002

15.5Gilgit-Astore1 Nov 2002

207.6Near Bhachau (Gujarat)26 Jan 2001

507.3Near Harnai (Baluchistan)27 Feb 1997

-7.0Hindukush Mountains9 Aug 1993

3006.7Hindukush Mountains31 Jan 199157.4Hindukush Mountains29 July 1985

147.4Hindukush Mountains30 Dec 1983

-6.1Gilgit Wazarat

(Jammu & Kashmir), India12 Sep 1981

History of earthquakes in Pakistan, 1980-2004

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Largest earthquake in Pakistan !

Date: 30 May 1935

Location: Quetta / Balouchistan

Magnitude: 8.1 on the Richter scale

Time: 19:00:46.9 UTC

Epicentre: 27.39N, 88.75

E

Depth: 17 Kms

Death: 30,000

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Pakistan Earthquake, 8 Oct 2005:

Geolocation: 34.402N, 73.560E

Region: Pakistani controlled Jammu &

Kashmir at N of Pakistan & Punjab& Himachal Pradesh at N of India.

Countries affected: Pakistan, India,

Afghanistan

Affected area: Forest-clad mountains

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Pakistan Earthquake, 8 Oct 2005:

Depth: 10 km (6.2 miles)

Epicentre Distances from Islamabad: 90 Km NNE

Magnitude: 7.6 on the Richter scale (USGS)

7.8 on the Richter scale (JMA)

Classification: Major

Aftershock: ~ 200 from 5.4 6.2

Date:Saturday 8 Oct 2005

Time: 8:50 AM at the local time

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Earthquake Statistics

Dead: 73,000 persons?This includes over 18,000 children

Injured: 70,000 persons?

Overall affected: 3.2- 3.5 million persons

Without Shelter: 2.8 million persons (approx.)

Without adequate food: 2.3 million persons Employment loss: 325,000 persons (30%)

Housing : 400153 shelter units destroyed or seriouslydamaged.

2.8 million persons without shelter

Education : 4844 destroyed2647 damaged

Health : 455 destroyed

119 damaged

Roads : 4429 km damaged (37%)

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Balakot area: The worst hit area

20,000 causalities

90% buildings

destruction

100% homeless

Muzaffarabad:

80% destroyed

City ofBagh:

Totally destroyed

Mainaffectedareas

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Damage to health infrastructure:

Destruction of:

26 hospitals

3 Tuberculosis hospitals

> 600 PHCcentres

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A major problem in efficient service

delivery to really affected people:

Increasing number of people moving into

Balakot from outlying villages seeking

assistance!

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Time of Pakistan earthquake,8 Oct 2005:

Around 9 AM on Saturday & most

students were at schools when the

earthquake struck !!

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0.95

0.62 0.62

0.050

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Flood Earthquake Cyclone Drought

AverageDisaster Per Year in Pakistan

UNDP

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94

80

69

30

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Iran Japan Pakistan USA

Comparison of Proportion of People Killed followingEarthquakes between Pakistan & other countries

(1980-2000)

UNDP

%

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Earthquake Nature:

Almost unpredictable disaster

No early warning

No scientific prediction technology

But we can protect ourselves &

minimize the damage to our homes,

schools & work places.

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Earthquake safety

Do not try to go outside during the

earthquake and before the after shocks,

go outside. Protect yourself from falling object (GET

UNDER SOMETHING) or stand in hallway

or doorway.

Do not return to the building unit it has

been inspected.

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