Alternative System Building Approach
A System can be described simply as a set of
elements joined together for a common
objective.
Methodical or coordinated assemblage of parts,
facts, concepts. System is an established or
organized procedure.
Institute of Banking and Management Studies (IBMS) - MIS – 2011 - Prakash Dhakal
System Concept
Alternative System Building Approach
PROTOTYPING
APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES
END-USERS DEVELOPMENT
OUTSOURCING
And also System Life-Cycle is an Alternative System Building Approach.
It is a traditional methodology that uses a phased approach to build a system, dividing systems development into formal stages, & corresponding to the stages of systems devt.
Each stage consists of basic activities that must be performed before the next stage can begin.
Process of building an experimental system quickly and inexpensively for demonstration and evaluation so that end users can better define
information requirements.
It is more explicitly iterative than the conventional life cycle and it actively promotes system design changes.
Alternative System Building Approach
PROTOTYPING
APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES
END-USER DEVELOPMENT
OUTSOURCING
It is a set of prewritten, pre-coded application software programs that are commercially available for sale or lease.
The key criteria in evaluating application software packages are: functions; flexibility, user-friendliness, hardware, software resources, database
requirements, documentation, vendor quality, and cost etc.
Alternative System Building Approach
PROTOTYPING
APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES
END-USER DEVELOPMENT
OUTSOURCING
In End-User Development, the system is more likely to fill user requirements. However, rapid prototyping can gloss over essential programming and
documentation steps.
Also, software tools called fourth-generation languages enable end users to create reports or develop software applications with minimal or no technical assistance.
Alternative System Building Approach
PROTOTYPING
APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES
END-USER DEVELOPMENT
OUTSOURCING
Outsourcing means using an external vendor to operate a firm's information systems. The system may be custom built or may use a software package.
In Outsourcing, the work is done by the vendor rather than by the organization's internal information systems staff.
Alternative System Building Approach
PROTOTYPING
APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES
END-USER DEVELOPMENT
OUTSOURCING
Prototyping is the process of building an experimental system quickly and inexpensively for demonstration and
evaluation so that end users can better define information requirements.
The prototype is a preliminary model that is refined until it meets end-user requirements.
Prototyping
1. IDENTIFY USER’S REQUIREMENTS2. DEVELOP PROTOTYPE3. USE PROTOTYPE4. REVISE & ENHANCE PROTOTYPE
Best For Design of End-User Interface: How end-user interacts with system
4-Step Model on Prototyping Process
An application software package is a strategy in developing an information system.
It is a set of prewritten, pre-coded application software programs that are commercially available for sale or lease.
Features of Application Software Packages are: 1. Customization 2. Request for Proposal (RFO)
Application Software Packages
Customization allows a
package to be modified to meet unique requirements
without destroying the integrity of the package
software.
Features on Software Packages
Customization
Request for Proposal
RFP is a detailed list of questions submitted to
vendors of packaged software.
Design activities focus on matching requirements to
package features
Customization
Request for Proposal
Features on Software Packages
It enable end users to create reports or develop software applications with no technical assistance. In end-user development, software tools are called fourth-generation languages.
There are seven categories of fourth-generation languages:
End UsersDevelopment
PC Software Tools
Query Languages
Graphic Languages
Application Generators
Application Software Packages
High Programming Languages
End UsersDevelopment
Improve requirement determination as user
specify their own business need.
Increase User Involvement and Satisfaction
Reduce Application Backlog
Weaknesses
Strengths
Managing EUD
End UsersDevelopment
Relatively Inefficient -Slow Transaction Processing -
May Carry High Cost -Large File Can Degrade -
Performance -May Limit Logic and -
Updating Requirement -
Weaknesses
Strengths
Managing EUD
End UsersDevelopment
INFORMATION CENTER:
Special Facility Within Organization
Provides Training, Support for End-User-Computing
Weaknesses
Strengths
Managing EUD
Using an external vendor to build or operate a firm's information systems is known as outsourcing.
The system may be custom built or may use a software package.
Firms outsources because their internal information system staff cannot keep pace with technological change
The provider of outsourcing services benefits from Economics of Scale
Outsourcing
Outsourcing
If firm won’t distinguish itself by developing application (i.e.
Payroll)
If existing system is limited, ineffective, inferior .
To improve the contribution of IT to Business Performance
Contracting
Use of Outsourcing
Problems of Outsourcing
Outsourcing
COMPUTER CENTER OPERATIONS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT TO EXTERNAL VENDORS
Contracting
Use of Outsourcing
Problems of Outsourcing
Outsourcing
INFORMATION CENTER:
Special Facility Within Organization
Provides Training, Support for End-User-Computing
Contracting
Use of Outsourcing
Problems of Outsourcing
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