Alternative system building approach

Alternative System Building Approach

A System can be described simply as a set of

elements joined together for a common

objective.

Methodical or coordinated assemblage of parts,

facts, concepts. System is an established or

organized procedure.

Institute of Banking and Management Studies (IBMS) - MIS – 2011 - Prakash Dhakal

System Concept

Alternative System Building Approach

PROTOTYPING

APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES

END-USERS DEVELOPMENT

OUTSOURCING

And also System Life-Cycle is an Alternative System Building Approach.

It is a traditional methodology that uses a phased approach to build a system, dividing systems development into formal stages, & corresponding to the stages of systems devt.

Each stage consists of basic activities that must be performed before the next stage can begin.

Process of building an experimental system quickly and inexpensively for demonstration and evaluation so that end users can better define

information requirements.

It is more explicitly iterative than the conventional life cycle and it actively promotes system design changes.

Alternative System Building Approach

PROTOTYPING

APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES

END-USER DEVELOPMENT

OUTSOURCING

It is a set of prewritten, pre-coded application software programs that are commercially available for sale or lease.

The key criteria in evaluating application software packages are: functions; flexibility, user-friendliness, hardware, software resources, database

requirements, documentation, vendor quality, and cost etc.

Alternative System Building Approach

PROTOTYPING

APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES

END-USER DEVELOPMENT

OUTSOURCING

In End-User Development, the system is more likely to fill user requirements. However, rapid prototyping can gloss over essential programming and

documentation steps.

Also, software tools called fourth-generation languages enable end users to create reports or develop software applications with minimal or no technical assistance.

Alternative System Building Approach

PROTOTYPING

APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES

END-USER DEVELOPMENT

OUTSOURCING

Outsourcing means using an external vendor to operate a firm's information systems. The system may be custom built or may use a software package.

In Outsourcing, the work is done by the vendor rather than by the organization's internal information systems staff.

Alternative System Building Approach

PROTOTYPING

APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES

END-USER DEVELOPMENT

OUTSOURCING

Prototyping is the process of building an experimental system quickly and inexpensively for demonstration and

evaluation so that end users can better define information requirements.

The prototype is a preliminary model that is refined until it meets end-user requirements.

Prototyping

1. IDENTIFY USER’S REQUIREMENTS2. DEVELOP PROTOTYPE3. USE PROTOTYPE4. REVISE & ENHANCE PROTOTYPE

Best For Design of End-User Interface: How end-user interacts with system

4-Step Model on Prototyping Process

An application software package is a strategy in developing an information system.

It is a set of prewritten, pre-coded application software programs that are commercially available for sale or lease.

Features of Application Software Packages are: 1. Customization 2. Request for Proposal (RFO)

Application Software Packages

Customization allows a

package to be modified to meet unique requirements

without destroying the integrity of the package

software.

Features on Software Packages

Customization

Request for Proposal

RFP is a detailed list of questions submitted to

vendors of packaged software.

Design activities focus on matching requirements to

package features

Customization

Request for Proposal

Features on Software Packages

It enable end users to create reports or develop software applications with no technical assistance. In end-user development, software tools are called fourth-generation languages.

There are seven categories of fourth-generation languages:

End UsersDevelopment

PC Software Tools

Query Languages

Graphic Languages

Application Generators

Application Software Packages

High Programming Languages

End UsersDevelopment

Improve requirement determination as user

specify their own business need.

Increase User Involvement and Satisfaction

Reduce Application Backlog

Weaknesses

Strengths

Managing EUD

End UsersDevelopment

Relatively Inefficient -Slow Transaction Processing -

May Carry High Cost -Large File Can Degrade -

Performance -May Limit Logic and -

Updating Requirement -

Weaknesses

Strengths

Managing EUD

End UsersDevelopment

INFORMATION CENTER:

Special Facility Within Organization

Provides Training, Support for End-User-Computing

Weaknesses

Strengths

Managing EUD

Using an external vendor to build or operate a firm's information systems is known as outsourcing.

The system may be custom built or may use a software package.

Firms outsources because their internal information system staff cannot keep pace with technological change

The provider of outsourcing services benefits from Economics of Scale

Outsourcing

Outsourcing

If firm won’t distinguish itself by developing application (i.e.

Payroll)

If existing system is limited, ineffective, inferior .

To improve the contribution of IT to Business Performance

Contracting

Use of Outsourcing

Problems of Outsourcing

Outsourcing

COMPUTER CENTER OPERATIONS

TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT TO EXTERNAL VENDORS

Contracting

Use of Outsourcing

Problems of Outsourcing

Outsourcing

INFORMATION CENTER:

Special Facility Within Organization

Provides Training, Support for End-User-Computing

Contracting

Use of Outsourcing

Problems of Outsourcing

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