A Flexible, Effective Design of a Small Transit Bus Station in Al-Ain
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Group Member :
ID : Examiner Members:
Aisha Al-Dhanhani
200511457
Sarah Al-Dhanhani
200511437
Salma Ali 200508158
Project summary Location Building detailed design
Atrium space zone Services and Offices The bridge zone The Bus Movement Area
Structure detailed design Tree Structure Design & Calculation Waffled slab design & calculation Basment floor suggested structure
Safety consideration Conclusion
Contents
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Project SummaryWhat is the project? This project represents a proposal for bus station
in Al Ain, taking into consideration: architectural and structural engineering concepts Transportation traffic circulation Urban design of the site
Project SummaryWhy this project?
According to the Department of Transportation Statistics,
the existing bus station is totally unprepared to serve the
people current and future needs. This in turn lead Al-Ain
city to suffer from lack of public transportation.
Project SummaryObjectives The main goals of this project are:
Redevelop the bus station area to respond to the rising needs for a facility that would encourage people to use the public transportation.
The new proposed facility would provide integration between station, the oasis and other surrounding amenities.
To design a lightweight structural system that integrates physically and visually with its surroundings, particularly with the Oasis.
Our project design Objectives are:
1. Design with added new facilities.
2. Achieve the safety circulation inside &outside
the building.
3. Organize traffic circulation.
4. Visual harmony with surrounding environment.
5. Provide a flexible design of plans in term of
functions.
Objectives
Architectural problem (Existing site problem )
Architectural Urbanism Environmental
• No main building with facility (land mark)• No services to achieve people need).• Low quality appearance .• Low visual perception.
• Unauthorized parking,• No relation between the parking .• Not organized circulation
• The location is very near to Al Ain Oasis.• Orientation of the building (south west)
Site BoundaryMain StreetSub Street
Bus stop shelter
N
Site BoundaryMain StreetSub Street
Unauthorized Parking.Bus Circulation.
N
Site BoundaryMain StreetSub Street
Alain Oasis
N
Transit structures, including stations, are subjected to a wide range of loads and forces concentrate erection. So the main engineering problem are :
1. The decision of alternative structure type that can carry the loads calculated.
2. The structure alternative required being light weight and can carry the span designed.
3. Engineer should develops the structural systems designs within the context of the archituctural concept.
Engineering Problem Statement
Location
The chosen site is at the north of Al Ain Oasis and it is based
on the new visionary plan Al Ain 2030, which is developed
by Urban Planning council (UPC).
Site Location
Building detailed design
Generally, in the bus
station there are 4
main zones which
are
Atrium space zone
Services and Offices
The bridge zone
The Bus Movement
Area
Each one of them
were designed
according to some
specifications and
challenges
Services & offices
Bridge zone
Atrium space zone
Atrium space zone
The integration of the building with the surrounding
environment which is the oasis environment is intelligible in
this zone.
Atrium space zone
Aviary project column design is inspired from the surrounded trees style. The building skin is transparent to achieve the integration with the surrounded.
Tree column structure system to support the roof and its design taken from the palm tree
Distribute the tree column according to the modularity and straight lines as in palm trees farms
Use a glass walls to achieve the transparency and the integration
Services and Offices Two floors contain:
Vertical circulation Fire escape Offices Access to the waiting areas (bridge) Mechanical equipments (air handling units) located at the
top of this zone.
Services & offices
Bridge zone
Atrium space zone
Legend
View to the oasis
Main Entrance
The bridge zone It represents a waiting area for passenger to avoid the risk
that might happen in the bus circulation area or in the drop
off area. Escalators were included directly in the drop area
part and prevent the passengers from crossing the street.
The Bus Movement Area The bus movement area was designed to achieve the safety
for the passengers and also to avoid the traffic circulation
for the buses.
#
1 Restaurant
2 Toilet
3 Ice cream shop
4 Newspaper shop
5 Mechanical room
6 Electrical room
7 Ticket
8 Cleaning room
9 Service room
10 kitchen
11 shopBasement floor plan scale1:500
Basm
en
t floor
pla
n
N
#
1 Pantry
2 office
3 Manager room
4 Waiting area
5 Gallery
6 toilet
First floor plan scale1:500
Firs
t floor p
lan
N
#
1 shop
2 Service room
3 Mechanical room
4 Corner shop
5 toilet
6 Ticket office
7 Travel office
8 ATM
9 Tourist information
10 Electrical room
11 Coffee shop Ground floor plan scale1:500
Gro
un
d fl
oor p
lan
N
Site plan scale1:500
Site
pla
n
N
Structure detailed design
Tree Structure Design & Calculation
Waffled slab design & calculation
Basement suggested structure
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Modular Distribution
Tree Structure distribution
Different tributary areas
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Tree Structure Design
X member with sub branch
Crossed member
Beam (purling)
Tree column
Tree members
Tree column
Roof
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Dead Load (D.L) :
1. Weight of the upper roof (aluminum sandwich panel).
2. Weight of purling (roof beams).
3. Own weight of the tree members.
Load calculation for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
1. Upper roof weight:
A Tributary = 12.5*12.5=156.25m2 Thickness of aluminum sandwich panel
= 0.2m, Panel = 13.9 Kg/m2 D.L panel= A Tributary* panel
= (156.25)*(13.9) = 2171.875 Kg = 21.72 kN
Load calculation for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Load calculation for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
2. Purling weight:
From LRFD manual, Table 1-5, page 1-34,
we select section C9 X 20, properties:
Ib/ft= 20, Depth = 9 in=0.23m,
Length = 12.5m = 42.52ft,
#purling = 6
D.L of Purling = 20 (Ib/ft) *(42.52ft) = 850.4 Ib = 3.8 kN*6= 22.8 kN
Load calculation for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
3. Own weight of the member: From LRFD manual, table 1-13, page 1-94,
we select section Hss 7.625X0.328, Properties:
Ib/ft=25.59, D= 0.2m, I = 47.1 in4=0.2 m4, A=28.5in2= 0.02m2
L of x member =7.5m =24.6 ft, # of x =4 crossed
L of crossed member = 5m=16.4ft, # of crossed member= 4
# sub branch member= 8
Load calculation for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
3. Own weight of the member:
Weight of x main branch= 25.59 lb/ft*24.6 ft= 629.514 Ib =2.8 kN* 4 =11.2 kN
Weight of cross branch= 25.59 lb/ft*16.4 ft= 419.7 Ib =1.8 kN=2 kN*4 = 8 kN
Assume that weight of sub branches= 0.5 kN *8 = 4 kN
Total weight of all members = 11.2 + 4 + 8 = 23.2 KN
Load calculation for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
4. Total dead load:
1. Upper roof weight= 21.72 kN
2. Purling weight= 22.8 kN
3. weight of all members = 11.2 + 4 + 8 = 23.2 KN
Total dead load= 21.72+ 22.74 + 23.2 = 67.66 kN
Load calculation for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Live Load (L.L) :
From ASCE 7-05, Table 4-1, (page 13): Lo= 0.96 kN/m2
Reduction for live load(see appendix 5)
Lr= Lo R1 R2 0.58≤ Lr ≤0.96
At=156.25 m2 ≥ 55.74 m2 R1=0.6
Flat Roof F≤4 R2=1
Lr= 0.96*0.6*1= 0.576 = 0.58 kN/m2
Lr=0.58*At=0.58*156.25= 90.625 kN
Load calculation for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Ultimate load :
D.L= 67.66 kN
L.L= 90.625 kN
Using American concrete institute ACI-08:
Wu=1.2 D.L+1.6 L.L= 1.2*(67.66) +1.6*(90.625) = 226.2 KN
Structure analysis for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Assumed that the total load carried equally on 16 points :
P = = = 14.1375 kN
Plan Member A Elevation
Structure analysis for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Assumed that the total load carried equally on 16 points :
P = = = 14.1375 kN
Plan Member A Elevation
Structure analysis for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Structure analysis for member A
3.125m 3.125m
5m
14.14 kN
= 38.66
A
B
C28.28 kN
14.14 kN
3.125m 3.125m
5m
= 38.66
A
14.14 sin
14.14 cos
28.28 cos
28.28sin
B
C28.28 kN
14.14 kN
3.125m 3.125m
5m
= 38.66
A
8.8kN
11.04kN
22.1 kN
17.5kN
B
C28.28kN
Structure analysis for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
∑Ma =0=14.14(6.25) + 28.28 (3.125) =176.75 kN.m
∑Fx a (normal force) =0 =8.8 + 17.5 =26.3 kN
∑Fy a (shear force) =0 =11.04 + 22.1 = 33.14 kN
Structure analysis for Tree members
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Ma = 176.75 kN.m
N =26.3 kN
V = 33.14 kN
A= 0.02m2
I= 0.2 m4
Y= 0.1 m
≤ fy = 42 Ksi (289579.8 kN/m2)
1,403.4 Kn/m2 ≤ 289579.8 kN/m2
Ok
Load calculation for Tree column
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
To calculate the total loads of the column we did consider:
1. Weight from tree members
2. Own weight of the column .
Load calculation for Tree column
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Wight from the Member:
P= 226.192 kN
Own weight of the column:
From LRFD manual, table 1-13, page 1-94, we select section Hss 20X0.5 ,Properties:
Ib/ft=104, D= 0.5 m, I = 1360 in4= 5.7*10-4 m4, A=28.5 in2= 0.02 m2Own wt of the column = 104 Ib/ft * 27.9 ft = 2,901.6 Ib = 13 kN
P
8.5m
Load calculation for Tree column
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Total Wight on tree column:
P= 226.192 kN
Own wt of the column =13 kN
Total weight on the column = 13 + 226.192 = 239.2 kN
Structure analysis for Tree column
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Stress check
Check for global buckling
Local buckling
Load calculation for Tree column
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Stress check:
F = = = 11,960 kN/m2 ≤ fy =289579.8 kN/m2
Load calculation for Tree column
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Global bulking :
1. Find (KL) is called the effective buckling length of the column, From LRFD manual, TABLE C-C2.2 (p. 16.1-240), we choose K= 2
L= length of the column = 27.9ft= 55.8 ft
KL= 2*27.9ft= 55.8 ft
Load calculation for Tree column
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Global bulking :
2. calculate the slenderness ratio :
Steel type = A572 Grade 50 .
HSS 20X0.5: r = 6.91 in
Preferably should not exceed 200
96.9 ≤ 200 No. Global bucling
Load calculation for Tree column
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Local bucling :From Table B4.1 of the AISC code, pages 16.1-16 to 16.1-18, For circular hollow section
D/t = 43 < 0.11E/Fy = 0.11E/Fy = 0.11*(29000/50) = 63.8
No local buckling
Waffled slab design
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Load calculation
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
We did design the waffled slab in two ways:
First, by using the ACI code and standard dimension.
Second, by using the company standard dimension.
Load calculation
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
ACI code ,Dead load :
From ASCE7-05 code, Table C3-2 (page 266): ϫconc = 22.6 kN/m3
Slab own weight= thickness of the slab *unit weight of concrete* span
= 0.2m*22.6(kN/m3)* 12.5m = 56.5 kN
From ASCE7, Table C3-1 (page 265): F.C weight = 1.58 kN/M2
Floor cover weight= 1.58(kn/m2) = 1.58*(12.5*25)= 493.75 kN
Ribs weight = (0.5*0.24)*22.6KN/m3* 12.5m =33.9 KN
Total D.L= 56.5 + 493.75 + 50.85= 601.1kN
0.6m 1m
0.15m
0.8m
As main
As shrinkage
Load calculation
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Company code :
Load calculation
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Company code :
Load calculation
Graduation Project Course (GP2)
Company code :
L1=0.2mL2=0.233mL3=0.279m
H1=0.15mH =0.35mH2=0.5m
0.2m0.7m
Summary of final design and solution
Mixed use building
Design with added new facilities
Exist condition Final Design
Achieve the outside safety circulationOrganize traffic circulation
Waiting area (bridge)EscalatorBus circulation
Enter
Exit
17m To out side open area
17m
To the ground floor(side walk)
17.4m 25m
26m
Achieve inside safety circulation
Basement floor plan
17.4m
23m 14.2 m
21.2 m
Achieve inside safety circulation
Ground floor plan
Visual harmony with surrounding environment
Visual harmony with surrounding environment
Visual harmony with surrounding environment
Be in harmony with surrounding facility and environment
Provide a flexible design of plans in term of functions
Thank you for your listening