A Flexible, Effective Design of a Small Transit Bus Station in Al-Ain Graduation Project Course (GP2) Group Member : ID : Examiner Members: Aisha Al-Dhanhani200511457.

A Flexible, Effective Design of a Small Transit Bus Station in Al-Ain

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Group Member :

ID : Examiner Members:

Aisha Al-Dhanhani

200511457

Sarah Al-Dhanhani

200511437

Salma Ali 200508158

Project summary Location Building detailed design

Atrium space zone Services and Offices The bridge zone The Bus Movement Area

Structure detailed design Tree Structure Design & Calculation Waffled slab design & calculation Basment floor suggested structure

Safety consideration Conclusion

Contents


Project SummaryWhat is the project? This project represents a proposal for bus station

in Al Ain, taking into consideration: architectural and structural engineering concepts Transportation traffic circulation Urban design of the site

Project SummaryWhy this project?

According to the Department of Transportation Statistics,

the existing bus station is totally unprepared to serve the

people current and future needs. This in turn lead Al-Ain

city to suffer from lack of public transportation.

Project SummaryObjectives The main goals of this project are:

Redevelop the bus station area to respond to the rising needs for a facility that would encourage people to use the public transportation.

The new proposed facility would provide integration between station, the oasis and other surrounding amenities.

To design a lightweight structural system that integrates physically and visually with its surroundings, particularly with the Oasis.

Our project design Objectives are:

1. Design with added new facilities.

2. Achieve the safety circulation inside &outside

the building.

3. Organize traffic circulation.

4. Visual harmony with surrounding environment.

5. Provide a flexible design of plans in term of

functions.

Objectives

Architectural problem (Existing site problem )

Architectural Urbanism Environmental

• No main building with facility (land mark)• No services to achieve people need).• Low quality appearance .• Low visual perception.

• Unauthorized parking,• No relation between the parking .• Not organized circulation

• The location is very near to Al Ain Oasis.• Orientation of the building (south west)

Site BoundaryMain StreetSub Street

Bus stop shelter

N


Unauthorized Parking.Bus Circulation.

N


Alain Oasis

N

Transit structures, including stations, are subjected to a wide range of loads and forces concentrate erection. So the main engineering problem are :

1. The decision of alternative structure type that can carry the loads calculated.

2. The structure alternative required being light weight and can carry the span designed.

3. Engineer should develops the structural systems designs within the context of the archituctural concept.

Engineering Problem Statement

Location

The chosen site is at the north of Al Ain Oasis and it is based

on the new visionary plan Al Ain 2030, which is developed

by Urban Planning council (UPC).

Site Location

Building detailed design

Generally, in the bus

station there are 4

main zones which

are

Atrium space zone

Services and Offices

The bridge zone

The Bus Movement

Area

Each one of them

were designed

according to some

specifications and

challenges

Services & offices

Bridge zone

Atrium space zone

Atrium space zone

The integration of the building with the surrounding

environment which is the oasis environment is intelligible in

this zone.

Atrium space zone

Aviary project column design is inspired from the surrounded trees style. The building skin is transparent to achieve the integration with the surrounded.

Tree column structure system to support the roof and its design taken from the palm tree

Distribute the tree column according to the modularity and straight lines as in palm trees farms

Use a glass walls to achieve the transparency and the integration

Services and Offices Two floors contain:

Vertical circulation Fire escape Offices Access to the waiting areas (bridge) Mechanical equipments (air handling units) located at the

top of this zone.

Services & offices

Bridge zone

Atrium space zone

Legend

View to the oasis

Main Entrance

The bridge zone It represents a waiting area for passenger to avoid the risk

that might happen in the bus circulation area or in the drop

off area. Escalators were included directly in the drop area

part and prevent the passengers from crossing the street.

The Bus Movement Area The bus movement area was designed to achieve the safety

for the passengers and also to avoid the traffic circulation

for the buses.

#

1 Restaurant

2 Toilet

3 Ice cream shop

4 Newspaper shop

5 Mechanical room

6 Electrical room

7 Ticket

8 Cleaning room

9 Service room

10 kitchen

11 shopBasement floor plan scale1:500

Basm

en

t floor

pla

n

N

#

1 Pantry

2 office

3 Manager room

4 Waiting area

5 Gallery

6 toilet

First floor plan scale1:500

Firs

t floor p

lan

N

#

1 shop

2 Service room

3 Mechanical room

4 Corner shop

5 toilet

6 Ticket office

7 Travel office

8 ATM

9 Tourist information

10 Electrical room

11 Coffee shop Ground floor plan scale1:500

Gro

un

d fl

oor p

lan

N

Site plan scale1:500

Site

pla

n

N

Structure detailed design

Tree Structure Design & Calculation

Waffled slab design & calculation

Basement suggested structure


Modular Distribution

Tree Structure distribution

Different tributary areas


Tree Structure Design

X member with sub branch

Crossed member

Beam (purling)

Tree column

Tree members

Tree column

Roof


Dead Load (D.L) :

1. Weight of the upper roof (aluminum sandwich panel).

2. Weight of purling (roof beams).

3. Own weight of the tree members.

Load calculation for Tree members


1. Upper roof weight:

A Tributary = 12.5*12.5=156.25m2 Thickness of aluminum sandwich panel

= 0.2m, Panel = 13.9 Kg/m2 D.L panel= A Tributary* panel

= (156.25)*(13.9) = 2171.875 Kg = 21.72 kN





2. Purling weight:

From LRFD manual, Table 1-5, page 1-34,

we select section C9 X 20, properties:

Ib/ft= 20, Depth = 9 in=0.23m,

Length = 12.5m = 42.52ft,

#purling = 6

D.L of Purling = 20 (Ib/ft) *(42.52ft) = 850.4 Ib = 3.8 kN*6= 22.8 kN



3. Own weight of the member: From LRFD manual, table 1-13, page 1-94,

we select section Hss 7.625X0.328, Properties:

Ib/ft=25.59, D= 0.2m, I = 47.1 in4=0.2 m4, A=28.5in2= 0.02m2

L of x member =7.5m =24.6 ft, # of x =4 crossed

L of crossed member = 5m=16.4ft, # of crossed member= 4

# sub branch member= 8



3. Own weight of the member:

Weight of x main branch= 25.59 lb/ft*24.6 ft= 629.514 Ib =2.8 kN* 4 =11.2 kN

Weight of cross branch= 25.59 lb/ft*16.4 ft= 419.7 Ib =1.8 kN=2 kN*4 = 8 kN

Assume that weight of sub branches= 0.5 kN *8 = 4 kN

Total weight of all members = 11.2 + 4 + 8 = 23.2 KN



4. Total dead load:

1. Upper roof weight= 21.72 kN

2. Purling weight= 22.8 kN

3. weight of all members = 11.2 + 4 + 8 = 23.2 KN

Total dead load= 21.72+ 22.74 + 23.2 = 67.66 kN



Live Load (L.L) :

From ASCE 7-05, Table 4-1, (page 13): Lo= 0.96 kN/m2

Reduction for live load(see appendix 5)

Lr= Lo R1 R2 0.58≤ Lr ≤0.96

At=156.25 m2 ≥ 55.74 m2 R1=0.6

Flat Roof F≤4 R2=1

Lr= 0.96*0.6*1= 0.576 = 0.58 kN/m2

Lr=0.58*At=0.58*156.25= 90.625 kN



Ultimate load :

D.L= 67.66 kN

L.L= 90.625 kN

Using American concrete institute ACI-08:

Wu=1.2 D.L+1.6 L.L= 1.2*(67.66) +1.6*(90.625) = 226.2 KN

Structure analysis for Tree members


Assumed that the total load carried equally on 16 points :

P = = = 14.1375 kN

Plan Member A Elevation



Assumed that the total load carried equally on 16 points :

P = = = 14.1375 kN

Plan Member A Elevation



Structure analysis for member A

3.125m 3.125m

5m

14.14 kN

= 38.66

A

B

C28.28 kN

14.14 kN

3.125m 3.125m

5m

= 38.66

A

14.14 sin

14.14 cos

28.28 cos

28.28sin

B

C28.28 kN

14.14 kN

3.125m 3.125m

5m

= 38.66

A

8.8kN

11.04kN

22.1 kN

17.5kN

B

C28.28kN



∑Ma =0=14.14(6.25) + 28.28 (3.125) =176.75 kN.m

∑Fx a (normal force) =0 =8.8 + 17.5 =26.3 kN

∑Fy a (shear force) =0 =11.04 + 22.1 = 33.14 kN



Ma = 176.75 kN.m

N =26.3 kN

V = 33.14 kN

A= 0.02m2

I= 0.2 m4

Y= 0.1 m

≤ fy = 42 Ksi (289579.8 kN/m2)

1,403.4 Kn/m2 ≤ 289579.8 kN/m2

Ok

Load calculation for Tree column


To calculate the total loads of the column we did consider:

1. Weight from tree members

2. Own weight of the column .



Wight from the Member:

P= 226.192 kN

Own weight of the column:

From LRFD manual, table 1-13, page 1-94, we select section Hss 20X0.5 ,Properties:

Ib/ft=104, D= 0.5 m, I = 1360 in4= 5.7*10-4 m4, A=28.5 in2= 0.02 m2Own wt of the column = 104 Ib/ft * 27.9 ft = 2,901.6 Ib = 13 kN

P

8.5m



Total Wight on tree column:

P= 226.192 kN

Own wt of the column =13 kN

Total weight on the column = 13 + 226.192 = 239.2 kN

Structure analysis for Tree column


Stress check

Check for global buckling

Local buckling



Stress check:

F = = = 11,960 kN/m2 ≤ fy =289579.8 kN/m2



Global bulking :

1. Find (KL) is called the effective buckling length of the column, From LRFD manual, TABLE C-C2.2 (p. 16.1-240), we choose K= 2

L= length of the column = 27.9ft= 55.8 ft

KL= 2*27.9ft= 55.8 ft



Global bulking :

2. calculate the slenderness ratio :

Steel type = A572 Grade 50 .

HSS 20X0.5: r = 6.91 in

Preferably should not exceed 200

96.9 ≤ 200 No. Global bucling



Local bucling :From Table B4.1 of the AISC code, pages 16.1-16 to 16.1-18, For circular hollow section

D/t = 43 < 0.11E/Fy = 0.11E/Fy = 0.11*(29000/50) = 63.8

No local buckling

Waffled slab design


Load calculation


We did design the waffled slab in two ways:

First, by using the ACI code and standard dimension.

Second, by using the company standard dimension.

Load calculation


ACI code ,Dead load :

From ASCE7-05 code, Table C3-2 (page 266): ϫconc = 22.6 kN/m3

Slab own weight= thickness of the slab *unit weight of concrete* span

= 0.2m*22.6(kN/m3)* 12.5m = 56.5 kN

From ASCE7, Table C3-1 (page 265): F.C weight = 1.58 kN/M2

Floor cover weight= 1.58(kn/m2) = 1.58*(12.5*25)= 493.75 kN

Ribs weight = (0.5*0.24)*22.6KN/m3* 12.5m =33.9 KN

Total D.L= 56.5 + 493.75 + 50.85= 601.1kN

0.6m 1m

0.15m

0.8m

As main

As shrinkage

Load calculation


Company code :

Load calculation


Company code :

Load calculation


Company code :

L1=0.2mL2=0.233mL3=0.279m

H1=0.15mH =0.35mH2=0.5m

0.2m0.7m

Summary of final design and solution

Mixed use building

Design with added new facilities

Exist condition Final Design

Achieve the outside safety circulationOrganize traffic circulation

Waiting area (bridge)EscalatorBus circulation

Enter

Exit

17m To out side open area

17m

To the ground floor(side walk)

17.4m 25m

26m

Achieve inside safety circulation

Basement floor plan

17.4m

23m 14.2 m

21.2 m

Achieve inside safety circulation

Ground floor plan

Visual harmony with surrounding environment



Be in harmony with surrounding facility and environment

Provide a flexible design of plans in term of functions

Thank you for your listening

A Flexible, Effective Design of a Small Transit Bus Station in Al-Ain Graduation Project Course (GP2) Group Member : ID : Examiner Members: Aisha Al-Dhanhani200511457.

Documents

site slide

integration slide

bus circulation area

site location slide

project design objectives

bus station area

oasis main entrance

building detailed design