7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
1/27
4G Wireless
Technology
Presented
By RAJ MOYAL
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
2/27
4G Definition
4G is a collection of technologies at
creating fully packet-switched networks
optimized for data.
4G Networks are projected to provide
speed of 100Mbps while moving and1Gbps while stationary.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
3/27
1G Technology
1G refers to the first-generation ofwireless telephone technology was
developed in 1970s.
1G had two major improvements:
the invention of the microprocessor
the digital transform of the control linkbetween the phone and the cell site.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
4/27
2G Technology
Around 1980s
Better quality & capacity - More people
could use there phones at the same
time
Digital Signalsconsist of 0s & 1s
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
5/27
Previous Technology - 2G
Digitalconsist of 0s and 1s
Digital signal:
1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
6/27
Previous Technology - 2G
Allows for lower powered radio signals that
require less battery.
PowerCODEC introduction -program that
encodes and decodes digital data stream or
signal.
Translates data from digital to analog and
vice versa.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
7/27
Previous Technology - 2G
Function of codec
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
8/27
Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G
Cell towers had a limited coverage
area
Decay curve Abrupt dropped calls
Analoggradual sound reduction
Spotty coverage
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
9/27
3G Technology
Large capacity and broadband capabilities
Allows the transmission of 384kbps formobile systems and up to 2Mbps.
Increased spectrum efficiency5Mhz A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequencybandwidth.
High data rates at lower incremental cost than2GGlobal roaming.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
10/27
Previous Technology - 3G
CDMACode Division Multiple Access
Form of multiplexing
Does not divide up the channel by time or
frequency.
Encodes data with a special code
associated with each channel.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
11/27
Types of Multiplexing
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple
Access
Each phone call is allocated onefrequency for the entire duration of the
call.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
12/27
Types of Multiplexing
TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is allocated a spot in the
frequency for a small amount of time, and"takes turns" being transmitted.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
13/27
Types of Multiplexing
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is uniquely encoded and
transmitted across the entire spectrum, ina manner known as spread spectrum
transmission.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
14/27
Reasons for New Research
Even though 3G has successfully beenintroduced to mobile users, there are someissues that are debated by 3G providers andusers.
High input fees for the 3G service licenses.
Great differences in the licensing terms.
3G phones are expensive.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
15/27
Fourth Generation
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
16/27
4G Technology
Fourth Generation Technology Faster and more reliable
100 Mb/s
Lower cost than previous generations
Technology used
Ad Hoc Networking Smart antenna
IPv6
VOIP
OFDM used instead of CDMA
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
17/27
Ad Hoc Networks
Spontaneous selforganization of networksof devices.
Not necessarily connectedto internet.
4G will create hybridwireless networks usingAd Hoc networks.
Form of meshnetworkingVery reliable.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
18/27
Smart Antennas
Beam radio signals directly at a user to follow the
user as they move.
Allow the same radio frequency to be used for other
users without worry of interference. Cant keep up transmission speeds while device is
moving fast (i.e. in a car)
Only 32Mb/s at 62mph (vs 100Mb/s)
Seamless handoff between towers/access points.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
19/27
One transmit antenna, two receive antennas
Allows connection to two access points at once.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
20/27
Mobile IPv6
More addresses than current version of IP protocol
(Version 4) - each device can have own IP.
Keep IP address even if you change access point.
Presently translate IP with each change because notenough IP addresses to go around.
IP Core- everything can talk to each other if they speak
the same language (protocol).
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
21/27
The IP address is based on IPv6.
IPv4: X . X . X . X (32 bits)
example: 216.37.129.9
IPv6: 4 IPv4 (128 bits)
example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120
How 4G works (working principle)
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
22/27
Mobile VoIP
Voice Over Internet Protocol
Allows only packets (IP) to be transferred, eliminatingcomplexity of 2 protocols over the same circuit.
All voice data will be wrapped up in a packet lower latency data transmission (fastertransmission).
Samples voice between 8,000 & 64,000 times per second
and creates stream of bits which is then compressed andput into a packet.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
23/27
OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Allows for transfer of more data than other forms of
multiplexing (time, frequency, code, etc).
Simplifies the design of the transmitter & receiver.
Allows for use of almost the entire frequency band
No gaps to prevent interference.
Currently used in WiMax (802.16) and Wi-Fi(802.11a/g).
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
24/27
How OFDM Works
It uses binary phase shift keying (BPSK). The
phase of the sine wave changes to represent a
different bit.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
25/27
OFMD
The frequencies are spaced so that the signals donot interfere with each other (no cross talk).
Parallel Data Transmission - Allows for the sending
of multiple signals simultaneously from the sameantenna to one device.
Each transmission has a different stream of
bits.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
26/27
Disadvantages
Unfortunately, to use packet, all cellular hardware will need to
be upgraded or replaced.
Consumers will be required to purchase new phones, andproviders will need to install new equipment in towers.
Essentially, the communication system will need to be rebuilt
from the ground up, running offof data packets instead of
voice information.
7/29/2019 4g Wireless Technology (2)
27/27
Thanking You