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“Theory is a set of interrelated concepts orhypothesis that seeks to explain or predictphenomena.”
“Model is a description or analogy used as apattern to enhance our understanding ofsomething that is known.”
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Nightingale’s Theory of Environment
Orem’s Self Care Model
Neuman’s Health Care System’s Model
Roger’s Model Of The Science Of Unitary Man
Parser’s Human Becoming Theory
Pender’s Health Promotion Model
Roy’s Adaptation Model
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Milio’s Framework For Prevention Salmon White’s Construct For Public Health
Nursing
Minnesota Wheel The Public HealthInterventions Model
Omaha System Model
Block and Josten’s Ethical Theory Of
Population Focused Nursing Canadian Model For Community
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Focused on preventive care for populations
Nightingale used observations to validate herhypothesis
Poor environmental conditions are bad for health Good environmental conditions reduce disease
Others have added social services and health
care in addition to environment
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Communities can be considered to have acollective set of self-care actions andrequirements that affect the well-being of thetotal group
Self-care deficit: demand exceeds client abilitiesrelated to Universal requirements
Developmental requirements Health deviation requirements
Nursing care supports client
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Based on systems theory
Whole is greater than the sum of the parts
Three principles:
1. Life proceeds in one direction along a rhythmicspiral
2. Energy fields follow a certain wave pattern andorganization
3.Human and environmental energy fields interactsimultaneously and mutually, leading tocompleteness and unity
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Originally “Man-living-health” theory
Three themes:
1. Meaning
2. Rythmicity3. Transcendence
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Premise: Behavioral patterns of populations area result of habitual patterns and limited choices
Challenged “lack of knowledge” concept
Proposed that government and institutionalchoices set the range of options for aggregateand individual choices
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Three essential elements of population
focused nursing
An obligation to population The primacy of prevention
Centrality of relationship - based care.
The first two are from public health and thethird element from nursing.
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Basis for the Canadian Community Health
Nursing Practice Model
The values and beliefs of CommunityHealth Nurses
The community health nursingprocess
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1. Use a comprehensive and systematicprocess
2. Work in partnership with the people
3. Focus on primary prevention4. Promote a healthful environment
5. Target all who might benefit
6. Give priority to community needs
7. Promote optimum allocation of resources
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Communication technology
Genetic engineering
Global economy
Migration
Terrorism and bioterrorism
Climate changes
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