1 Nursing Theories By Mrs.Melba Sahaya Sweety AMCON – Coimbatore
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Nursing Theories
By Mrs.Melba Sahaya Sweety AMCON – Coimbatore
Definition Theory Theory is defined as a set of interpretative assumption,
principles and proposition that help to explain or guide action.
- Young , Taylor and Repenning (2000)Creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that project a
tentative purposeful and systematic view of phenomena.- Chinn and Knammer(2003)
It is an organized , coherent set of concepts and their relationship to each other that offers descriptions, explanations and prediction about phenomena – Parker (2001)
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Nursing Philosophies Philosophy Definition Love and pursuit of wisdom by intellectual
means and self – discipline It is defined as a statement of believes and
values about human beings and their world Nursing Philosophy Definition
– Nursing philosophy has been described as a statement of foundational and assumptions ,believes and knowledge and thought and about the nature of the entities represented in the meta paradigm – Reed 1995
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NURSING THEORIES AND PHILOSOPHIES:
NURSING THEORI ES PHILOSOPHIES
Florance Nightangle’s
Legacy of caring
Focuses on nursing and the patient environmental relationship
Virginia henderson’s
Definition of nursing
Patients require help towards achieving independence
Derived a definition of nursing
Jean watson’s
Philosophy and science of caring
Caring is moral ideal,mind-body,soal engagement with one and other
Fave abedellah’s
Typology of twenty one nursing problem
Patient’s problems determine nursing care
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NURSI NG THEORI ES PHI LOSOPHI ES
Lydia E Hall’s
Care,Cure,Core model
Nursing care is person directed towards self love
Patricia Benner’s
Primare of caring
Caring is centered to the essence of nursing. It sets up what matters, enabling connection and concerns. It creates possibility for mutual helpfulness
Ennestive Widenbach
The helping art of clinical nursing
Nurses should identify patient’s “need – for – help” by
Observation
Understanding client behavior
Identifying causes of discomfort
Determining if clients can resolve problems or have a need for help
Classification of Nursing Theories
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Depending on function
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Depending on the generalisability of their principles
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Based on philosophical under pinning of the theories
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Goals of Theoretical Nursing models
Identify domain and goals of nursing Provide knowledge to improve nursing
administration,practice,education and research Guide research to establish empirical knowledge
base for nursing Identify areas to be studied Identify research techniques and tools that will be
used to validate nursing interventions Identify nature of contribution that research will
make to advancement of knowledgecont…
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cont… Formulate legislation governing nursing practice,
research and education. Formulate regulations interpreting nurse practice acts
so that nurses and others better understands laws Develop curriculum plans for nursing education Establish criteria for measuring quality of nursing
care, education and research. Guide development of nursing care delivery Provide systematic structure and rationale for nursing
activities
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Nursing models
A nursing model is a set of inter related concepts that represents a particular way of thinking about nursing , clients , health and environment.
The models are examined to determine how well each model / theory “fits” with the clients health , concerns the nurses own view of nursing health. Clients and environment and mission, goals and philosophy of the employment agency.
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General models
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Erickson’s eight stages of development
General systems model
Aguilera and Mesick's : crisis intervention model
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Family model
Duvall's family development model
Stevenson’s family developmental model
Sater’s interactional family model
Friedman’s structural functional family model
Calgary's family model
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Nursing models/ Theories Needs / problem – Oriented theory Florence nightingale environmental theory Faye Glenn Abdullah holistic nursing problems theory Virginia Henderson complementary , supplementary
model Dorothea Orem self – care deficit theory Lydia – E Hall care ,core and cure total person
approach Jean – Watson’s human caring model
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Interaction – Oriented theory Hildegard Palau -Interpersonal model Ida Jean Orlando’s nursing patient interaction model Ernestine Wiedenbach prescriptive theory Imogene making interpersonal and goal attainment
theory Paterson and Zderad humanistic nursing practice theory Erickson’s , Tomlin and Swain theory of modeling and
role modeling Boykin and Schoenhofer nursing caring model
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Systems – Oriented theory
Dorothy ,E Johnson Behavioral systems model
Sister Callista Roy adaption model
Betty Neumann: Health care systems model
Myraestrin Levine: Adaption conservation and
integrity model
Madeleine Leininger : Transcultural Nursing Model
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Energy field theory
Martha E Rogers – science of unitary beings
model
Parse’s Man- Living :Health model
Margaret Newman : Health as Expanding
consciousness model
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Application of Nursing theories in Nursing practice
Introduce and orient nursing theories to practicing nurses and nursing students through inservice or continuing nursing education programs
Make available each theorist’s nursing system design/frame work in the clinical nursing units/ library
Discuss clinical nursing problems(patient/unit) and solve problems using a specific nursing theory
Motivate to assess diagnose , priorities plan implement care on the theoretical concepts of a specific theorists if nurse uses the nursing process frame work - cont..
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Cont…. Emphasize and give more weightage for application
of suitable nursing theories in clinical situation Guide in evaluating the theory and making the
approach choice of a theory for application an a specific situation
Introduce an organization policy on application of nursing theories
Convince the nursing or non nursing fraternity in clinical nursing unit on importance of nursing process approach and need for the record to be include in patients chart as a useful document for quality assurance
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Statement of the Problem
An experimental study to assess the
effectiveness of vitamin E upon
menopausal symptoms among
menopausal women at Chennai.
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The conceptual frame work for the present study is based on Roy’s adaptation model. The Roy’s
adaptation model views the person as an adaptive system in constant interaction with an internal
and external environment .The person’s major task is to maintain integrity in face of these
environmental stimuli.
Roy’s categorizes three types of stimuli they are,
Focal: Focal is defined as the internal or external stimulus most immediately challenging the
person’s adaptation. In this study focal stimulus refers to the symptoms of menopausal women.
Contextual: The contextual stimuli are all other stimuli existing in a situation that strengthen the
effect of the focal stimulus. In this study it refers to the with drawl of hormones.
Residual: Residual stimuli are any other phenomena arising from a person’s internal or external
environment that may affect the focal stimulus but whose effects are unclear. The residual
stimuli of the menopausal women’s are psychological, BMI, age, parity, duration of menopause.
Roy’s categorizes the coping mechanisms into either the regulator or the cognator
subsystem. The coping mechanisms are,
Regulator subsystem: It occurs through neural, chemical and endocrine processes. In this study
the regulator subsystem is decrease estrogen and progesterone level, decreased calcium and
weakness.
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Cognator subsystem: It occurs through cognitive and emotive processes. The cognator
subsystems for the present study are tension, restless, irritability, depression and mood swing.
In Roy’s theory person as an adaptive system: This Roy’s theory of the person as an adaptive
system postulates that the four adaptive modes,
The physiological adaptive mode
The self concept adaptive mode
The role function adaptive modes
Inter dependent adaptive modes are interrelated through perception.
The physiological adaptive mode:
Refers to the way a person responds as a physical being to stimuli from the environment.
The five physiological needs of this mode are oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and
rest and protection. The menopausal women has the physiological adaptation as nutritional
problem as indigestion, elimination problem like frequency of micturition and dysuria, activity
intolerance like tiredness, self-protection alteration like decreased alertness.
The self concept adaptive mode:
The self concept adaptive mode refers to psychological and characteristics of the persons.
Body image changes, interruption of self consistency, self ideal moral, ethical and spiritual
problems are the self concept adaptive mechanisms of menopausal women.
Interdependent adaptive mode: The interdependent adoptive mode refers to coping
mechanism arising from close relationship that results in the giving and receiving of love respect
and value. Lack of love and affection with spouse are causing interdependent adaptive problems.
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Focal stimuli:
Symptoms of menopause
Contextual stimuli:
Withdrawal of estrogen +ve adaptation
Hormone.
Residual stimuli: - ve adaptation
Psychological, BMI, age,
Parity, duration of
Menopause.
Feed back
Physiological function:
Frequency of micturition,
dryness of vagina, joint and
leg pain, insomnia, itching of
vagina.
Self concept:
Body image changes,
interruption of self
consistency, self moral, ethical
and spiritual self.
Inter dependence adaptive
mode:
Lack of love and affection
with spouse.
Coping mechanisms
Regulator:
Decreased estrogen
level and progesterone,
and calcium level,
weakness.
Cognator:
Tension, restless,
irritability, depression,
mood
Administration
of vitamin E
200IU twice
daily for 4
weeks
Reduction of menopausal symptoms.
No reduction of menopausal symptoms.
INPUT CONTROL PROCESS EFFECTORS OUT PUT INTERVENTION
Fig: 1 Conceptual Framework on Roy’s Adaptation Model (1970)
Thank you..,
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