3.4.1 Homeostasis3.4.2 Necessity for Homeostasis
3.4.3 The Structure of an Exchange System in Flowering Plants
3.4.4 The Breathing System in the Human
Follow-Me – iQuiz
Q. What is homeostasis?
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Note one reason why homeostasis is important in the human body.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. What is the function of the stomata of the leaf?
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Name the structures in plant cells in which photosynthesis occurs.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Name a gas that leaves the leaf at the stoma(ta).
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. How do the nephrons of the kidneys contribute to homeostasis?
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Name a factor that influences the diameter of the stoma(ta).
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Give a function of the guard cell.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Where do cilia occur in the breathing system?
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. State precisely the events that take place in the alveoli.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. State the function of the epiglottis.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Name the process involved in the passage of gas between the alveolus and the blood.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. How does the liver contribute to homeostasis?
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Name the apertures in stems that are equivalent to stomata.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Name the process by which the gases move in or out of the leaf.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. What is the function of cilia in the trachea?
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. In the spongy mesophyll, gases can diffuse throughout the leaf. Name one such gas.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Tiny holes called ... allow gases to enter and leave the leaf.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. How do the lungs contribute to homeostasis?
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. How are alveoli adapted for their purpose?
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Name the main gas transported in the pulmonary vein.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. How is oxygen transported in the blood?
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. State the function of the larynx.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin
Q. Describe the role of the diaphragm in inhalation.
Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation
Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions
Close off trachea
Chloroplasts
Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large
surface area; One cell thick
Diffusion
Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases
Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax
CO2; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water
Excretion of water or CO2; Release of heat
Lenticels
Make sound
Osmosis
Oxygen
Exchange of gases – CO2 out, O2 in by diffusion
Trachea
Stomata
Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria
upwards to the glottis
Air; Water vapour; O2; CO2; N2
Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts;
Reabsorption of salts
Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration
Maintaining a constant internal environment
By oxyhaemoglobin